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Biomedical subjects

H Moeller

Publications and source records attributed to H Moeller.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Diagnosis and therapy of hyponatremic syndromes].

Hyponatremia is the most common abnormality in electrolyte and water metabolism. In adult patients it is related to high morbidity and mortality. The degree of CNS-damage depends 1st on the absolute serum sodium concentration (NaS) and 2nd on the rapidity with which NaS is lowered. The most frequent etiology of hyponatremia in pediatric patients is dilutional hyponatremia (SIADH, infusion-therapy). Nephrotic syndromes and congestive heart insufficiency associated with cardiac low output are further causes. Being aware of the different pathophysiological mechanism prevention of hyponatremia is easily achieved by monitoring serum electrolytes, water balance and compensating renal factors in critically ill patients. Hyponatremias accompanied by neurological symptoms should be corrected by rapid infusion of hypertonic saline (514 mmol/l). NaS concentration should increase at a rate of 2 mmol/1 hour. Symptoms of central pontine myelinolysis in hyponatremia were not yet described in pediatric patients.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Ontogeny of the androgen receptor in rat ventral prostate during sexual development.

Concentrations of cytosolic androgen receptor, DNA and soluble protein, contents of DHT, and in-vivo uptake of 3H-DHT were measured in rat ventral prostates at 5-day intervals during sexual development. Regarding prostate weight two phases of growth were noted being separated by a period of stagnation from Day 40 to 45. Cytosolic androgen receptor, particle-bound DHT, and uptake of 3H-DHT into the 100,000-g sediment showed a clear pattern: a maximum in the prepubertal animal at age Day 20, a minimum at age Day 30 (4 days after the early pubertal rise of LH, testosterone, and DHT) followed by a second maximum on Day 55 (2 days before the beginning of fertility), and a second minimum in the young mature animal on Day 70. An intermediate peak seen at age Day 37 was not significant. Neither the time-dependent profile of the cytosolic androgen receptor nor the contents and in vivo uptake of DHT were correlated to concentrations of circulating gonadotrophins, growth hormone, and sex-steroids measured during puberty in the same strain of animals. Therefore, the regulating mechanism remains unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The effects of cyproterone acetate on statural growth in children with precocious puberty.

Forty-four patients (42 f, 2 m) with precocious puberty (31 idiopathic, 1 familial, 7 cerebral, 5 McCune-Albright) were treated with cyproterone acetate for periods of 1-8.75 years in different (P less than 0.05) daily dosages of 117 +/- 6.1 mg/m2 per day (mean +/- SEM, group A, N = 20) and 60.8 +/- 2.42 mg/m2 per day (group B, N = 24). Thirty-three girls had experienced menarche before therapy at a mean age of 4.89 +/- 0.42 years. Treatment was started at a chronologic age of 5.45 +/- 0.33 years in the girls and 5.74 +/- 1.34 years in the boys. At the time of evaluation, 31 of our patients had reached final height. With respect to the effects of treatment on statural growth, the Standard Deviation Scores were retrospectively determined for height, weight, and growth velocity. The initial Bayley-Pinneau height predictions were compared with final height and target height, and the skeletal maturation was studied. There were no significant differences between those parameters in the patients of group A and B or between treated and untreated subjects as far as final height and target height were concerned. It is concluded that cyproterone acetate administered orally at daily doses from 50-150 mg/m2 does not improve statural growth of patients with precocious puberty.

Body Height↗
PubMed1985

Chronopharmacology of hydrocortisone and 9 alpha-fluorhydrocortisone in the treatment for congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

The conventional treatment of CAH with hydrocortisone (16-19 mg/m2 per day) and 9 alpha-F-cortisol (just enough to normalise renin concentrations, started at 07:00 h) was ineffective in suppressing the early morning rise of 17-OH-progesterone and in turn androgens in about 20% of our patients. The present work explored the effect of a modified dosage regimen of the drug in five patients. The schedule was: 03:00 h F 33% + 9 alpha-F-F 33%; 07:00 h F 30%; 12:00 h F 22% + 9 alpha-F-F 33%; 17:30 h F 15% + 9 alpha-F-F 33%. Monitored levels of circulating 17-OH-progesterone, testosterone, and individual urinary 17-ketosteroids showed significant improvement, which was not achieved by giving higher or later evening doses. Menarche was induced in two girls (bone age 15 years). The modified dosage schedule offers on the one hand the possibility of better management of CAH, and on the other, cuts down the risk of enhanced Cushing-like effects, which in animal models have been related frequently to dosage schedules not corresponding to the circadian rhythm. The difficulty of administering the drugs at 03:00 h should be overcome by the development of a late-releasing preparation.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1984

Pseudopituitary dwarfism due to resistance to somatomedin: a new syndrome.

The case of an infant is described who at birth was already small and postnatally grew extremely slowly. At age 3 the girl's height was 65 cm, weight 5.6 kg, bone age 21 months. Basal plasma GH was 36-66 ng/ml, basal SM activity was rather high, being around 2.0 U/ml. RIA- and RRA-SM were also increased. Prolonged GH administration did not raise plasma SM. There was a tendency for hypoglycemic episodes in the presence of low insulin levels. Receptor studies with skin fibroblasts showed a diminution of the specific binding of SM-C by 50%. Apparently only the specific IGF-receptor is defective whereas the insulin receptor responds to the increased SM with hypoglycemia. The observation that the high plasma SM did not suppress the enhanced GH-secretion suggests that perhaps the hypothalamic IGF-receptor was also defective.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Role of the pineal gland in the regulation of prostatic androgen receptors in pubertal and mature rats.

The effects of exposure to continuous light, continuous darkness, and administration of melatonin on prostatic androgen receptors in relation to pubertal development in rats were examined. Darkness produced dissimilar results between the pubertal and adult groups. Whereas the prostate weight in the pubertal group remained unaltered, it increased in the adult group. In the pubertal group exposed to darkness, plasma melatonin increased significantly, and androgen receptors declined, whereas in the adult group these receptors rose significantly with a simultaneous increment of melatonin concentration in plasma. Exposure to continuous light did not produce any effective alterations in the parameters examined. The afternoon melatonin administration showed trends similar to those seen in animals exposed to darkness. The results indicate that exposure to darkness or administration of melatonin both have age-dependent effects on prostatic androgen receptors. Exposure to darkness may interfere with the process of sexual maturation in the pubertal animal as a result of increased melatonin production.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A quantitative assay for the cytoplasmic androgen receptor using [3H]dihydrotestosterone in the presence of NAD+-nucleosidase.

In prostatic cytosol DHT1 is metabolized to 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha (or beta), 17 alpha-diols with a half life of 2 h even at 4 degrees C. Thus, [3H]DHT appears to be a poor marker for a quantitative assessment of androgen receptors (AR). Methyltrienolone (R1881) seems to be advantageous as it is not metabolized. However, because of considerable binding to progestin receptors, assays using [3H]R1881 are not specific for AR in tissues containing progestin receptors. We, therefore, developed a specific assay for AR using [3H]DHT (14 nM) as marker, where metabolism of DHT is prevented by pre-incubation with NAD+-nucleosidase. The [3H]DHT-receptor complex is separated from free, SHBG-bound and unspecifically bound [3H]DHT by agar gel electrophoresis. The binding sites of high affinity and low capacity are characterized by suppression with unlabelled R1881 (2 microM) in a parallel assay. Under these conditions DHT and R1881 appear to have the same kinetics of association and dissociation. Weighted non-linear regression analysis of specific binding capacity at various ligand concentrations reveals that in rat prostatic cytosol the affinity of DHT (Kd = 0.405 +/- 0.0839 nM) is significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that of R1881 (Kd = 1.25 +/- 0.271 nM).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Data on linkage relations between GLO and 21-hydroxylase.

Linkage between GLO and 21-hydroxylase was investigated in 11 families with 24 children. Positive lod score values with a maximum of +1.618 at theta = 0.05 indicate close linkage between these marker loci.

Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital↗
PubMed1979

[Alteration of TSH secretion in children with goitre after short-term treatment with potassium iodide (author's transl)].

300 microgram of potassium iodide daily were administered over a period of two weeks to 12 children with goitre. Basal TSH concentrations, maximal TSH increase after TRH and integrated TSH secretion after TRH were significantly decreased in this group whereas the increase of total thyroxine (T4-RIA) did not reach significance. It appears that in the development of iodine deficiency goitre in children a sensitive feed-back system is predominant. Early administration of iodine or even better general iodinated salt prophylaxis seem to be the pathogenetically correct approach in solving the common goitre problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[On the calculation of the volume deficit in hypertonic dehydration (author's transl)].

It has been suggested in the literature than volume deficit in hypertonic dehydration can be calculated from actual osmolarity. But for an accurate estimation of volume deficit a number of factors must be given. The initial concentration and the loss of substance during the development of dehydration must be known, the distribution of the substance within the compartment must be homogeneous, and no shift between dissolved and undissolved compartments is allowed. For the osmotically active substances the second and the forth condition are not satisfied. Therefore, the calculation of volume deficit, based on actual osmolarity, can induce an error from 40 ml to as much as 100 ml per kg body weight.

Blood Volume↗