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Biomedical subjects

H Miyamoto

Publications and source records attributed to H Miyamoto.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Minor thoracotomy for the treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax].

We have recently established the following therapeutic principles for spontaneous pneumothorax, and have obtained favorable results. 1. All patients, including those with a first episode, are subjected to thoracotomy. 2. The standard technique is minor thoracotomy through a skin incision of 5 cm which is aesthetically superior, except complicated cases with chronic obstructive lung disease in elderly patients or giant bullae. 3. Bilateral simultaneous axillary minor thoracotomy is applied to bilateral pneumothorax, whether synchronous or metachronous. 4. Thoracotomy is attempted by other approaches when we preoperatively suspect pulmonary bullae in the lung bases or diaphragm. In the past three years (1988 to 1990), 68 out of 70 cases (97.1%) of spontaneous pneumothorax admitted to our department were operated on. Of them, 55 cases (81% of all surgical cases) underwent minor thoracotomy. Pleural abrasion was performed in order to prevent postoperative recurrence of the pneumothorax. The 55 cases of minor thoracotomy consisted of 51 males and 4 females aged 27.6 years on average (range: 15 to 64). In 22 cases (40%), this was the first occurrence, combination with hemothorax was seen in 4 cases, and bilateral simultaneous axillary minor thoracotomy was performed in 11 cases (20%). The location of the bullae was the upper lobe (or upper segment) in 95.5%, the middle lobe (or lingula) in 6%, and the lower lobe (S6) in 20%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Humans↗
PubMed1992

[A case of simultaneous operation for ischemic heart disease and lung cancer].

A case of 76-year-old man had a coin lesion in the chest roentgenogram, which rapidly grew with central necrosis, and chest pain at rest. Squamous cell carcinoma was concluded from transbronchial lung biopsy for that lesion. Coronary angiography revealed long segment occlusion of the left anterior descending which was not a candidate for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and 90% stenosis of the left circumflex coronary artery. Aorto-coronary bypass grafting and right upper lobectomy via midsternotomy, was simultaneously performed. the postoperative course was fair and there was no cardiac complication. A simultaneous operation is more preferable in selected cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case report: Rastelli operation for double outlet right ventricle associated with a chordae insertion to the infundibular septum].

A successful Rastelli operation for double outlet right ventricle (DORV) with a chordae insertion of the tricuspid valve to the infundibular septum was reported. A patient was a 6-year-old boy and the diagnosis was DORV, d-malposition of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis. The infundibular septum was not resected but mobilized with two incision, one anterior and vertical, and other one subaortic. This procedure allowed the construction of the tunnel similar to the closure of a large, subarterial VSD and of the straight unobstractive left outflow tract. The postoperative echocardiographic and angiographic examination revealed neither the pressure gradient in the left ventricular outflow tract nor the tricuspid regurgitation.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Application of the Nd-YAG laser for surgical resection of pulmonary metastases].

We used Nd-YAG laser equipment for operations on pulmonary metastatic tumors in order to preserve the residual pulmonary functions simultaneously with local curability by utilizing the features of the contact and non-contact types of equipment. The subjects were patients showing no lymph node metastasis in the preoperative diagnosis. The equipment used was Nd-YAG laser model 6,000 with a surgical probe and contact tip attached. Thoracotomy was performed by a method involving minimum invasion in accordance with the tumor localization to prevent reduction of the postoperative respiratory function as much as possible. An incision was made in the pleura and lung using the contact tip with an output of about 25 Watts with the surgical margin separated sufficiently from the tumor, and the tumor was resected. Coagulative hemostasis was apt to occur in the small vessels. To eliminate postoperative hemostasis and residual tumors, non-contact type irradiation was performed at the surgical margin at an output of about 50-70 Watts. Finally, the pleura were sutured. This method has been used so far on 10 cases of pulmonary metastatic tumors, and in all cases, the amount of hemorrhaging during the operation was small, the operating time was short and the postoperative reduction in respiratory function was slight. In cases of bilateral multiple pulmonary metastases, as many as 30 resections were performed, but no recurrences have been seen in any of the cases to date. Although the usefulness of this method still cannot be confirmed because of the small number of cases involved, this method seems promising from the standpoints of local curability and preservation of pulmonary functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Prognostic value of nuclear DNA content and expression of the ras oncogene product in lung cancer.

We evaluated the prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content by flow cytometry and ras oncogene expression in paraffin-embedded sections of tumors obtained surgically from 112 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Sixty-five (77%) of the 84 tumors had DNA aneuploid patterns that were statistically higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma. Of the 91 patients analyzed immunohistochemically using anti-ras Mr 21,000 protein (p21) monoclonal antibody rp-35, positive reactions (weak and strong) were observed in 56% of squamous cell carcinomas and 68% of adenocarcinomas. A better 5-yr survival rate was observed in the DNA diploid group (61%) than in the DNA aneuploid group (35%) (P less than 0.01). Patients with p21-negative tumors survived significantly longer (5-yr survival rate of 64%) than did those with p21-weak tumors (38%, P less than 0.05) or those with p21-strong tumors (12%, P less than 0.01). Cox's multivariate analysis showed that DNA ploidy, ras p21 expression, and the stage of the disease were significant prognostic factors for survival. However, the DNA content was not a major independent prognostic factor in adenocarcinoma. The intensity of ras p21 expression was not correlated with nuclear DNA content. These results suggest that DNA content or enhanced ras p21 expression may be different biological markers indicating the malignant potential of lung tumors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Regulatory changes in the K+, Cl- and water contents of HeLa cells incubated in an isosmotic high K(+)-medium.

HeLa cells had their normal medium replaced by an isosmotic medium containing 80 mM K+, 70 mM Na+ and 100 microM ouabain. The cellular contents of K+ first increased and then decreased to the original values, that is, the cells showed a regulatory decrease (RVD) in size. The initial increase was not inhibited by various agents except by substitution of medium Cl- with gluconate. In contrast, the regulatory decrease was inhibited strongly by addition of either 1 mM quinine, 10 microM BAPTA-AM without medium Ca2+, or 0.5 mM DIDS, and partly by either 1 mM EGTA without medium Ca2+, 10 microM trifluoperazine, or substitution of medium Cl- with NO3-. Addition of DIDS to the NO3(-)-substituted medium further suppressed the K+ loss but the effect was incomplete. Intracellular Ca2+ showed a transient increase after the medium replacement. These results suggest that the initial increase in cell K+ is a phenomenon related to osmotic water movement toward Donnan equilibrium, whereas the regulatory K+ decrease is caused by K+ efflux through Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels. The K+ decrease induced a decrease in cellular water, i.e., RVD. The K+ efflux may be more selectively associated with Cl- efflux through DIDS-sensitive channels than the efflux of other anions.

4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid↗
PubMed1991

Specific depletion of the B-cell population induced by aberrant expression of human interferon regulatory factor 1 gene in transgenic mice.

Interferons (IFNs) are well known both as antiviral proteins and as potent regulators of cell growth and differentiation. In fact, IFNs inhibit growth of various normal and transformed cell types. Previously, a nuclear factor, IRF-1 (interferon regulatory factor 1), which binds to type I IFN and some IFN-inducible gene promoters, was identified and cloned. Since the IRF-1 gene is both virus and IFN inducible, an intriguing issue is raised as to whether the IRF-1 gene is functioning in IFN-mediated regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we generated transgenic mice carrying the human IRF-1 gene linked to the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. In the transgenic mice, all the lymphoid tissues examined showed a dramatic reduction in the number of B lymphocytes (B cells). Preparation and analysis of bone marrow cells from the chimeric mice indicated that the bone marrow is the effective site for specific depletion of the B-cell population. In fact, transgenic bone marrow cells cocultured with a bone marrow-derived stromal cell line revealed an altered B-cell maturation pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Magnetic resonance imaging in a case of mumps postinfectious encephalitis with asymptomatic optic neuritis.

A 5-year-old male patient with asymptomatic optic neuritis and mumps postinfectious encephalitis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is reported. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a short inversion time inversion recovery sequence was valuable in detecting clinically silent lesions of the unilateral right optic nerve in addition to visual evoked potentials. Evidence of concurrent optic neuritis was useful for detecting more extensive neurological involvement, leading to the diagnosis of mumps postinfectious encephalitis. A systematic MRI study should be performed in children with mumps encephalitis, regardless of appreciable clinical deficits.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1991

Effect of estrogen on induction of micronuclei by mutagens in male mice.

The effect of estrogen on the induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPCE) by mutagens was examined in male mice. In the dose-response study, a dose-related inhibition of the mitomycin C (MMC)-induced MPCE frequency by estradiol (E2) treatment was observed. In the time study, inhibitory effects of E2 on MPCE frequency by MMC were observed when MMC was administered at 0 or 1 day after injection of E2. The most effective protocol for inhibition was when E2 and MMC were used on the same day. Of mutagens other than MMC, only vincristine (VCR) showed a significant decrease in MPCE frequency when used together with E2. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) showed no significant decrease in MPCE frequency. The data suggest that the induction of micronuclei by mutagens is inhibited by treatment with estrogen, and this could result in a sex difference in the sensitivity of mice employed in the micronucleus test. Mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of estrogen are discussed; these might include a suppression of erythropoiesis and a possible effect on the cell membrane permeability of erythroblasts.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Distinctive effects of three different modes of exercise on oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood lactate and pyruvate.

We intended to investigate the effects of different modes of exercise on oxygen uptake (VO2), the heart rate and the levels of lactate and pyruvate in venous blood. For this, untrained male subjects performed three modes of exercise with a treadmill (TR), a bicycle ergometer (UP) and a supine leg ergometer (SU). The percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (% VO2max) and VO2/weight for TR were significantly higher than those for UP or SU at lactate levels of 2, 3 and 4 mmol/l. The heart rate was also higher for TR than for SU at these lactate levels. The correlations of blood lactate with % VO2max, VO2/weight and the heart rate were significant for TR and SU, but not for UP. Blood lactate levels were lower for TR than for SU or UP at 60, 70, 80% VO2max, whereas the values for UP were lower than those for SU only at 60% VO2max. Blood pyruvate levels were always lower for TR than for SU. The ratios of lactate/pyruvate differed for TR and SU only at 60% VO2max. For a given mode of exercise, blood lactate and the ratio of lactate/pyruvate increased with an increase in % VO2max, but those of pyruvate did not. These results reveal that the relationships between any two of lactate, pyruvate, VO2 and the heart rate are different at different modes of exercise, and that blood lactate depends on adaptation of muscles to a mode of exercise rather than on the quantity of muscles mobilized.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Association of Lps gene with natural resistance of mouse macrophages against Legionella pneumophila.

Peritoneal macrophages obtained from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-low responder C3H/HeJ mice (J) permitted the intracellular growth of the bacterium in macrophages of (J x N) F1 progeny was between the parent strains, showing that the traits were co-dominantly expressed. Correlation between intracellular bacterial growth in macrophages and LPS response of spleen cells was examined. Negative correlation was found between the two factors in F2, (J x F1) backcross and (N x F1) backcross progeny. This result implies that Lps gene controls the innate resistance of murine macrophages against the bacteria. Although macrophages of A/J strain also permit intracellular growth of L. pneumophila, gene complementation analysis of A/J and C3H/HeJ mice made clear that the gene control in C3H/HeJ differs from that of A/J strain. Macrophages of C57BL/10ScN, which is LPS-low responder line obtained from C57BL/10, were also defective in controlling the bacterial growth when compared to C57BL/10 mice. We suggest that the Lps gene also controls the natural resistance of murine macrophages against L. pneumophila.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The relationship of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) resistance of a murine leukemia cell line P388/CDDP.

We investigated whether the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein takes part in cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP) resistance, using a murine leukemia cell line P388 and its CDDP resistant cell line. P388/CDDP was 4 times more resistant to CDDP than P388. The cell lines were maintained in the DBA/2 female mouse peritoneal space. In total cells, the amount of the PCNA protein decreased to 90% in P388 after 1 h CDDP treatment, but that of P388/CDDP increased to 127%. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.012, n = 5). As for G2/M phase cells, the difference was also significant at 1 h (p = 0.016, n = 5) and at 2 h (p = 0.036, n = 5) after treatment. In P388 the amount of the PCNA protein decreased in accordance with the inhibited cell proliferation, whereas in P388/CDDP, the amount of the PCNA protein increased in spite of the inhibited cell proliferation. This increase of the PCNA protein suggests that the PCNA protein is involved in CDDP resistance of P388/CDDP through enhanced DNA repair synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ovarian glycosaminoglycans potentiate angiogenic activity of epidermal growth factor in mice.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to induce capillary proliferation. In the course of our investigation on the interaction of ovarian components with EGF, we observed that partially purified glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) isolated from mouse ovaries enhanced the angiogenic activity of EGF when applied simultaneously to the lateral wall of the sheath of musculus rectus abdominis. Mouse EGF from submandibular glands embedded in Elvax 40 implanting on the musculus rectus abdominis induced neovascularization in a dose-dependent manner. When 0.5 micrograms ovarian GAGs was embedded in the implant with a low amount of EGF that induced only slight neovascularization (0.5 or 1 microgram/implant), the angiogenic activity of the growth factor was markedly enhanced. The active GAG component was isolated by chromatography on Dowex 1-x2. The fraction eluted with 0.5 M NaCl possessed the greatest activity to potentiate the angiogenic activity of EGF. When the reaction mixture of GAGs and EGF was treated with 1% cetylpyridinium chloride, the angiogenic activity was identified with the supernatant. On the other hand, after incubating EGF with 0.5 M NaCl fraction, the angiogenic activity of EGF was identified with the precipitate (GAG fraction) of the cetylpyridinium chloride-treated reaction mixtures. These findings show that ovarian GAGs potentiate the angiogenic activity of EGF by interacting or complexing with EGF.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1991

Effect of estrogen replacement on liver function in ovariectomized rats.

The effect of estrogen (17 beta-estradiol; E2) replacement on the liver function was examined in ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomy decreased serum transaminase activity and physiological dosage levels of E2 replacement returned the activity up to or above non-ovariectomized levels. Under the conditions of this experiment the elevated serum transaminase levels in the E2 replacement were not coincident with histological changes suggestive of liver dysfunction. The elevations of both serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and serum mitochondrial GOT were accompanied by increased hepatic tissue activity, suggesting that the elevated serum levels can be attributed to the accelerated synthesis of the enzymes. On the other hand, the elevation of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase was not accompanied by increased tissue activity in the original organs, namely liver, kidney, heart and skeletal muscle. Ovariectomy decreased serum albumin and inhibited development of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the liver, and E2 replacement returned them up to or above the non-ovariectomized levels.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1991

[Cisplatin etoposide versus cisplatin/etoposide/ifosfamide combination chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Hokkaido Study Group of Treatment for Small-Cell Lung Cancer].

Ninety-two patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were randomized to receive cisplatin (80 mg/m2, day 1)/etoposide (100 mg/m2, day 1, 3, 5) (PE) or cisplatin (80 mg/m2, day 1)/etoposide (100 mg/m2 1, 3, 5)/ifosfamide (2 g/m2, day 1, 2, 3) (PEI) combination chemotherapy. After 2 courses of chemotherapy, patients with limited disease (LD) received chest irradiation with 40-50 Gr. Of the 89 patients evaluable, the overall response rate was 77.8% in PE therapy, and 73.7% in PEI therapy (NS). The complete response rate (CR) of PE v PEI was 13.9% v 21.2% for all patients (NS), 22.2% v 30.4% for LD. Median survival times of PE v PEI for all patients were 55 weeks v 56 weeks (NS). The 2-year survival rate of PE v PEI was 15.4% v 16.5% for all patients (NS). There was no difference of the duration of response in cases with CR or PR between PE and PEI therapy. Leucopenia occurred more often after PEI than after PE therapy (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that PEI is not superior to PE chemotherapy in SCLC.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Mechanisms of organ failure following cardiopulmonary bypass--preventive effects of ulinastatin].

The causes of organ failure following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were multi-factorial. Damage was initiated by elastase which was released from activated granulocytes under conditions of significant reduction in the protease inhibitor level (p less than 0.01). Platelet aggregation, initiated by the CPB, altered the eicosanoid metabolism. As a result, the level of thromboxane A2 increased and became dominant in relation to prostaglandin I2. The increase in endothelin excretion observed during and after the CPB induced a further vasoconstrictive response in the microvasculature and accelerated ischemic cellular damage. Upon completion of the CPB, the elevation of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase was influenced by the concentration of elastase (r = 0.78). The endothelin level correlated slightly with the elastase level (r = 0.4) during the CPB. This might indicate that there was an interaction between the activated granulocytes and endothelin production. The increase in the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (Aa-DO2) only correlated with the elastase concentration (r = 0.55). Renal damage, which was detected by an increase in renal tubular enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase), was affected by endothelin (r = 0.68, 0.58) and elastase (r = 0.61, 0.51) respectively, but not by thromboxane B2. Even after the CPB, damage was thought to be perpetuated by the continuous elevation of elastase and endothelin. Since thromboxane A2 dominance subsided immediately after the cardiopulmonary bypass, the effect of thromboxane A2 on the development of organ failure was possibly only influential during the CPB. The cardiac index demonstrated a negative correlation with endothelin (r = -0.69) and a positive correlation with the ratio of TxB2/PGF1 (r = 0.51).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[5-fluorouracil concentration in gastroenterological tumor tissues, in adjacent normal tissues, and in serum after preoperative oral administration of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)].

The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-concentration in resected tumor tissues was compared with that in the adjacent normal tissues or that in serum. Twenty-three patients with cancer of the digestive organs [(carcinoma of the stomach (12), colon (6), gallbladder (1), liver (1), ampulla of Vater (1), bile duct (1) and pancreas (1)] were administered orally 600-1, 200 mg/day of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) for 3 to 5 consecutive preoperative days. The average 5-FU-concentration in tumor tissues of 14 patients with 16 specimens measured 5 hours after final administration of 5'-DFUR was 62 ng/g. This level was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (21 ng/g, p less than 0.01). With 10 out of these 14 patients, the 5-FU-concentration in the serum was also measured. Among these 10 patients, the concentration of 5-FU in tumors (54 ng/g) was significantly higher than in adjacent normal tissues (19 ng/g) and in serum (12 ng/ml). At 6 to 9 hours after final administration, the mean concentration of 5-FU was 33 ng/g (n = 4) in tumor tissues, 30 ng/g (n = 5) in adjacent normal tissues and 24 ng/ml in serum. There was no significant difference among these mean values. For 4 patients whose specimens were taken at 17 to 18 hours after the last 5-FU administration, the mean concentration of 5-FU was 29 ng/g (n = 4) in tumor tissues, 14 ng/g (n = 3) in adjacent normal tissues and 4 ng/ml (n = 2) in serum.

Administration, Oral↗