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Biomedical subjects

H Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to H Miyake.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Health status, social networks and support systems of so called old old in a population-based comparative study of residents ages 69-74 and 75-80].

To analyze the different features of health status, social support and networks of elderly people by age groups, a survey was performed of the social environment and health related issues among residents aged 69-74 and 75-80, the so called old-old, in Takasu, a small farming town in Hokkaido. The results were as follows: 1. The percentage of elderly having some of the symptoms related to dementia, lower scores of ADL, and poorer conditions of eye sight or hearing were significantly higher among the elderly aged 75-80 compared to those aged 69-74. The prevalence of diseases, such as senile cataracts in both sexes, and heart diseases in men were also higher among those aged 75 and over. 2. Although there were no differences in the mean number of hospital admissions or in the percentage of those having been sick in bed for more than 1 week during the previous one year, both the mean number of out-patient visits and percentage having a family physician were significantly higher in the elderly over 75 than under. Deterioration of IADL were prominent in the item on being able to go far away by themselves. 3. Almost 70% of the elderly participated in community-based social activities in Takasu. There were only small differences in social support and network among the different categories of family structure of the elderly. However women over 75 had statistically significantly lower number of the social supports compared to the younger age groups. A significantly smaller percentage of people was able to obtain the emotional or care support from their spouse for in elderly over 75 than for elderly under 75. 4. The results of this study suggest the need to provide more social support and networks for the old-old over 75 years old who tend to have more diseases and to be in poorer health condition, both physically or mentally than younger old.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Receptor occupation and pharmacokinetics of MPC-1304, a new Ca2+ channel antagonist, in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

MPC-1304, (+/-)-methyl 2-oxopropyl 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarbonate , is a novel 1,4-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonist with potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effects. We characterized the ex vivo and in vivo binding properties of MPC-1304 to Ca2+ channel antagonist receptors in myocardial, aortic and brain tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by radioreceptor assay using [3H](+)-PN 200-110 ([5-methyl-3H](+)-PN 200-110 (4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,4,-dihydro-5-methoxycarbonyl-2,6-d imethyl-1,4-dihydro-3-isopropylcarbonylpyridine-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester)). At 1 and 6 h after oral administration of MPC-1304 (10 mg/kg) in SHR, there was significant decrease (48%) in the number of [3H](+)-PN 200-110 binding sites (Bmax) in myocardial membranes compared to control values. The plasma concentration of MPC-1304 in SHR correlated significantly with the occupation by this drug of myocardial Ca2+ channel antagonist receptors. The in vivo specific binding of [3H](+)-PN 200-110 in particulate fractions of aorta of SHR was significantly reduced (74.8 and 37.9%, respectively) at 1 and 6 after oral administration of MPC-1304 (3 mg/kg), while the myocardial [3H](+)-PN 200-110 binding was decreased only at 1 h later. In these rats, there was little change in cerebral cortical [3H](+)-PN 200-110 binding. In conclusion, MPC-1304 exerted more selective and sustained occupation in vivo of Ca2+ channel antagonist receptors in vascular tissues of SHR than in those of myocardial and brain tissues.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

Purification and characterization of N-carbamoyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase with broad substrate specificity from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans.

N-Carbamoyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase was purified to homogeneity for the first time from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans. The enzyme showed high affinity toward N-carbamoyl-L-amino acids with long-chain aliphatic or aromatic substituents, and hydrolyzed those with short-chain substituents quite well. The enzyme hydrolyzed N-formyl- and N-acetylamino acids quickly and very slowly, respectively. The enzyme did not hydrolyze beta-ureidopropionate and ureidosuccinate. The relative molecular mass of the native enzyme was about 135,000 and the enzyme consisted of two identical polypeptide chains. The enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and required the following divalent metal ions: Mn2+, Ni2+ and Co2+.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1995

Mucin-producing tumor of the lung: CT findings.

Primary lung tumors and pulmonary metastases with a large mucin content are relatively rare, and reports of CT findings are scarce. We present the CT images of patients with mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and lung metastasis of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon. The CT findings include a uniform low attenuation (4.5 and 7.8 HU), irregular margins, and slight enhancement after intravenous injection of contrast medium.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of prostatism in Japanese men in a community-based study with comparison to a similar American study.

PURPOSE: We estimate the prevalence of urinary symptoms in Japanese men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 289 eligible residents 40 to 79 years old completed a questionnaire with questions worded similarly to those of the international prostate symptom score (response rate 42%). RESULTS: The ratio of moderate-to-severe symptoms was 41%, 29%, 31% and 56% for each age decade from ages 40 to 79 years, respectively, after adjusting for nonresponse. Within each age decade the median international prostatic symptom score was higher for Japanese men than for United States men with little difference in rates of increase with participant age or bother. CONCLUSION: Lower urinary tract symptoms were common in Japanese men, with age-related increases similar to those of United States men.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Soluble c-kit molecule in serum from healthy individuals and patients with haemopoietic disorders.

The proto-oncogene, c-kit, encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor (KIT) and plays an important role in haemopoiesis. We have identified a 95 kD soluble form of KIT (S-KIT) in culture supernatant of human megakaryoblastic cell line, CMK. To study the physiological significance of S-KIT, we have established a sensitive sandwich ELISA system. Serum samples from healthy individuals contained detectable amounts of S-KIT. Next, we determined a total of 220 samples from 134 patients with haemopoietic disorders. A considerable number of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), especially those with more immature phenotypes (M0, M1 or M2) had elevated levels of serum S-KIT. Those levels decreased to the normal range after effective chemotherapy. In chronic myeloid leukaemia, patients with myeloid blastic crisis showed markedly elevated levels of serum S-KIT. In contrast, S-KIT levels decreased in cases with either acute or chronic lymphoid leukaemia. There was a tendency for patients with severe aplastic anaemia to show decreased levels, but it was not significant. In myelodysplastic syndrome, S-KIT levels appeared to vary by subsets, with higher concentration in more advanced forms of the disease. Although the functional role of S-KIT is not yet elucidated, these results suggest that the serum S-KIT levels may reflect the pathological states of various haematological disorders.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Species-specific PCR detection of malaria parasites by microtiter plate hybridization: clinical study with malaria patients.

A simple and convenient PCR method that amplifies the 18S rRNA genes has been developed for the purpose of detecting and differentiating four species causing malaria in humans. The advantage of the assay is that the biotinylated PCR product is visualized following hybridization with specific probes which are immobilized on plate wells (microtiter plate hybridization). This method has been previously evaluated in a field study and was found to be sensitive and specific for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. In the current study, the microtiter plate hybridization PCR method was evaluated by using blood specimens from malaria patients. All of 36 cases of falciparum malaria, 26 of 27 cases of vivax malaria, all of 11 cases of ovale malaria, and 2 cases of malariae malaria were diagnosed species specifically by the PCR method. There were four smear-negative, PCR-positive cases that seemed to correspond to the convalescent stage of malaria. In contrast, 30 cases for which the diagnosis of malaria has been excluded on the basis of microscopy and clinical courses showed negative PCR results. By comparing parasite densities and PCR results following antimalarial treatment of some patients, it was revealed that the PCR results largely paralleled the parasite densities and that PCR could detect as few as 10 parasites per microliter of blood. We conclude that this PCR method is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of all four parasite species and can serve as a useful supplement to microscopy for the clinical management of malaria.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Impaired colour discrimination among workers exposed to styrene: relevance of a urinary metabolite.

OBJECTIVES: To survey the loss of colour vision among Japanese workers who have been exposed to styrene concentrations currently considered low (about 20 ppm). Also to assess the effects of styrene by examination of the nature of the relation between disorder of colour vision and age, alcohol consumption, and other variables. METHODS: Colour discrimination was examined in 64 male workers exposed to styrene (mean age; 38.0, mean exposed years; 7.0) and in 69 controls (mean age; 38.0). A standardised questionnaire was adopted to collect work history, occupational or non-occupational solvent exposure, alcohol consumption, and drug use. Colour vision was evaluated by the Lanthony desaturated panel D-15 test. The results of the test were expressed as the colour confusion index (CCI). RESULTS: The mean atmospheric styrene concentration was about 20 ppm. The mean urinary concentration of mandelic acid was 0.22 g/l. There was a significant difference in CCI between exposed workers and age matched controls. Colour vision of workers whose concentration of urinary mandelic acid was > or = 0.42 g/l was significantly impaired when compared with workers whose concentration was < 0.42 g/l. Multiple linear regression analysis that controlled confounding variables such as age, alcohol consumption, smoking, and educational attainment showed that the CCI was significantly related to the concentration of urinary mandelic acid. In both exposed workers and controls, the types of defects were mostly blue-yellow loss, although a few subjects showed complex loss. No one showed only red-green loss. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that exposure to moderate styrene concentrations can lead to impairment of colour vision, and that there is a significant correlation with the urinary metabolite of styrene.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Uneven fatty replacement of the pancreas: evaluation with CT.

PURPOSE: To determine the computed tomographic (CT) features of uneven fatty replacement of the pancreas and clarify their radiologic and clinical importance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT scans from 80 patients with uneven fatty replacement of the pancreas were reviewed. Uneven fatty replacement of the pancreas was classified into two types. In type 1, the posterior aspect of the head of the pancreas was spared from intense fatty replacement. In type 2, the focal area around the common bile duct (CBD) was spared from fatty replacement. Each type was divided into two subgroups on the basis of whether the body and tail of the pancreas showed intense fatty replacement (type a = negative for intense fatty replacement, type b = positive for intense fatty replacement). Findings from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed in five patients, histopathologic examination in one patient, and clinical examination in all 80 patients were also evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients (35%) had type 1a replacement, 29 (36%) had type 1b replacement, nine (11%) had type 2a replacement, and 14 (18%) had type 2b replacement. In all patients, the anterior aspect of the head of the pancreas showed distinctly lower attenuation at CT. CONCLUSION: Fatty replacement is more severe in the anterior aspect of the head of the pancreas. The posterior aspect of the head of the pancreas and the area around the CBD tended to be spared.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of hypercapnia on ECoG and oxidative metabolism in neonatal dog brain.

The effects of hypercapnia on cerebral electrical activity and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were studied in the anesthetized neonatal dog by using the electrocorticogram (ECoG) and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three levels of hypercapnia with arterial PCO2 values of approximately 70, 100, and 140 Torr reduced the intracellular pH of the brain from 7.11 to 6.99, 6.87, and 6.76, respectively. These levels of hypercapnia also reduced ADP concentration ([ADP]) from 21.5 to 18.1, 14.8, and 12.9 microM as well as the average ECoG power output by 20, 30, and 40%. A Michaelis-Menten relationship for the mitochondrial respiratory enzymes was fitted with [ADP] and the change in the average ECoG. The result suggests that mitochondrial respiration is regulated by [ADP] and that the in vivo Michaelis-Menten constant for ADP was 21 microM, a value close to the in vitro value. The mitochondrial maximal reaction velocity was reduced by only 10% during hypercapnia and showed no relationship with the degree of acidosis, suggesting that mitochondrial respiratory enzymes are not responsible for the inhibition of the brain electrical activity.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1995

Mucosal ulceration in isolated amphibian stomachs in vitro. Roles of nutrient HC03- and endogenous prostaglandins.

We examined the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on mucosal ulceration in isolated bullfrog stomachs and investigated the roles of endogenous prostaglandins (PGs) and nutrient HCO3- in the mucosal protection in vitro. Gastric sacs were prepared by separation from the muscle layer and incubation for 1-8 h in HCO3--Ringer's solution gassed with 95% 02/5% CO2 or PO3(-)4-Ringer's solution gassed with 100% 02 in the presence of histamine (1 x 10(-4) M). Under these conditions, multiple ulcers developed in the mucosa only when the gastric sacs were incubated in HCO3--free nutrient solution; both the number and severity of ulcers increased with time and reached a maximum after 6 h of incubation. Luminal pH was decreased because of stimulation of acid secretion by histamine, irrespective of whether the mucosa was bathed in Ringer's solution with or without HCO3-, while gastric potential difference was reduced only in the mucosa bathed in HCO3--free nutrient solution. 16,16-Dimethyl PGE2 added to the nutrient side significantly reduced the number of ulcers developed in the mucosa bathed in HCO3--free nutrient solution. In contrast, indomethacin and aspirin, but not salicylate, caused ulceration even in the mucosa bathed in HCO3--nutrient solution. Histamine-induced acid secretion was reduced by 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 but not affected by these NSAIDs. In conclusion, ulceration of the isolated gastric mucosa in the presence of acid depends upon either a deficiency of endogenous PGs or a lack of nutrient HCO3-/CO2.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1995

Smoldering gamma delta T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia associated with pure red cell aplasia.

We present a case of granular lymphocytic leukemia (GLL) associated with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). Twenty-seven percent of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were positive for TCR delta 1, but not for delta TCS1 (V delta 2), and a rearrangement of the TCR chain (J delta 1) gene was detected. The PBMC and serum from the patient slightly suppressed CFU-E but not BFU-E colony formation in vitro. These findings suggest that monoclonal proliferation of TCR gamma delta-positive granular lymphocytes (GL) can be associated with PRCA even in a patient having a small proportion of leukemia GL, which we propose to designate as 'smoldering GLL'.

Colony-Forming Units Assay↗
PubMed1995

[Nephron sparing surgery of patients with renal cell carcinoma in a solitary kidney or bilateral renal cell carcinoma].

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma in patients with a solitary kidney or bilateral tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From 1982 to 1994, a total of 12 patients with a solitary kidney or bilateral tumors underwent nephron sparing surgery. The survival and complications were examined. RESULTS: The patients were 11 males and 1 female. Three patients were in stage 1, 6 in stage 2, 2 in stage 3, and 1 in stage 4, and the mean tumor size was 3.4 cm (0.8-6.5). The complications were post-operative bleeding in one patient and slight transient renal dysfunction which didn't require hemodialysis in 3 patients. The local recurrence was observed in 1 patient (8.3%), metastasis in 3 (25%), no evidence of disease in 8 (66.7%), alive with cancer in 1 (8.3%), death due to cancer in 2 (16.7%), death due to other disease in 1 (8.3%), and the 5 year survival of all patients was 62.5%, that was almost the same as the result of 141 renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nephrectomy in our hospital. The disease free survival rate of the patients in stage 1 and 2 seems to be higher than in stage 3 and 4 with no significant difference (p = 0.0956). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that nephron sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma in patients with a solitary kidney or bilateral tumors is a useful therapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Infantile brainstem infarction due to vertebral artery fenestration: a case report].

The patient was a 10-year-old boy. He had a sudden onset of generalized tonic-clonic convulsion. On admission, he presented with mild disturbance of consciousness and right hemiparesis. The electroencephalogram showed diffuse spike and slow wave complex. Three days later, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high signal intensity areas in the left cerebellar hemisphere and pons. On cerebral angiograms, coiling of the bilateral carotid arteries, occlusion of the basilar artery at the distal site, and fenestration of the left vertebral artery at the atlanto-axis level were shown. According to these findings, the patient was diagnosed with brainstem and cerebellar infarction. On the follow-up angiograms, recanalization of the basilar artery on the right vertebral angiogram, occlusion of the left vertebral artery at the distal site of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery origin, and occlusion of one of the duplicated vertebral arteries were recognized. Fenestration of the vertebral artery is presented in about 1-2% at angiography and autopsy and the clinical significance is controversial. In this case, the fenestration may have played a role as an embolic source because there was no probable cause of the cerebral infarction, and the vascular occlusion and recanalization occurred near the distal site of the fenestration. These findings suggest the clinical significance of vertebral artery fenestration as an embolic source.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1995

[A comparative study of public knowledge and awareness of echinococcus in relation to anti-echinococcus policies of towns in Hokkaido].

A population-based comparative study was performed on public awareness and knowledge about the risk of Echinococcosis and the life habits of the people living in 2 towns in eastern Hokkaido, Bekkai and akan. Bekkai has had an anti-echinococcosis policy and Akan has only limited experiences with such countermeasures. The results of the survey were as follows: 1) Compared with the inhabitants in the town of Akan, the residents in Bekkai had significantly higher correct response rates for many questions concerning parasitological knowledge and the risks of echinococcosis, and knew about subjects such as the pathogen, latency period, susceptible organs, the prognosis, the possibility of transmission of echinococcosis from human to human and methods for the sterilization of eggs from infected animals. 2) The rate of correct answers to such questions were approximately 70 to 90% in both towns. However the percentage of correct answers to questions about carrier animals and the question of human susceptibility were relatively low, ie., 45% and 20%, respectively, even in Bekkai. 3) The residents of Akan knew more about carrier animals of echinococcosis than the inhabitants of Bekkai. In Akan woman and persons in their 20's and 30's had lower rates of correct answers. Further health education should be aimed toward such people. 4) Foxes appeared near private homes more frequently in Akan than in Bekkai. More inhabitants of Akan used spring water as drinking water than in Bekkai, while more inhabitants used tap water as drinking water in Bekkai. Only a few inhabitants paid attention to how to prepare vegetables for cooking. This information suggests that echinococcosis may spread in Akan in the near future. 5) Our results suggest that better organized health education programs, the extension of tap water services in Akan, and the establishment of proper methods for disposal of garbage and the afterbirth of cattle are necessary to reduce the presence of foxes in inhabited areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Characterization and transcriptional regulation of the modABCD genes for molybdenum transport in Escherichia coli.

The mod genes coding for molybdenum transport system were isolated from Escherichia coli by means of complementation of the tor mutation that causes no synthesis of some molybdenum-containing enzymes. The nucleotide sequence of 3048-base pair showed four open reading frames including the previously reported modC gene. The genes were named modA, modB, modC, and modD. Promoter analysis by lacZ assay and primer extension showed the genes modA and modB individually have their own promoters. No transcriptional regulation of the two genes were observed in the presence of molybdate, nitrate, and oxygen in E. coli strain DH5 alpha.

Bacterial Proteins↗