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Biomedical subjects

H Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to H Miyake.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Mass screening for neuroblastoma targeting children age 14 months in Sapporo City: a preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: In Sapporo City a mass screening program for neuroblastoma targeting children age 6 months (6-MS) was initially introduced in 1981. Since April 1991, an additional program has been implemented, aimed at children age 14 months (14-MS). METHODS: High performance liquid chromatography was employed in the 14-MS. Identification of cases was dependent on the Registry of Childhood Malignancies in the Hokkaido Prefecture. RESULTS: Of the 85,783 live births in Sapporo City during the period 1990-1994, a total of 56,444 participated in the 14-MS (compliance rate, 65.8%). By the end of 1996, of 48,448 children who had previously taken part in the 6-MS, 6 cases were identified in the 14-MS, and 1 additional case screened negative but was later diagnosed clinically. Two more cases were detected in the 14-MS among the 7996 children who had not participated in the 6-MS. Though the incidence of cases identified by the 14-MS was much higher than expected, several true-positive cases had unfavorable histology (as defined by Shimada's classification), a high dopamine level, and/or a high homovanillic acid/vanillylmandelic acid ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Mass screening of children age 14 months for neuroblastoma detects cases missed or unscreened at age 6 months, though the detection rate appears to be in excess of what would be expected from natural incidence.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1998

Serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its density in men with prostate cancer as a new predictor of disease extension.

We examined whether the serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) level and MMP-2 density could be predictors of the development and extension of prostate cancer. Serum samples were collected before any clinical treatment from 98 patients with prostate cancer and from 76 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Control sera were obtained from 70 healthy men. The serum level of MMP-2 was determined by 1-step enzyme immunoassay. A newly defined MMP-2 density parameter was determined by dividing the serum level of MMP-2 by the prostate volume, which was measured by ultrasonography. The mean serum level of MMP-2 in prostate cancer patients was significantly higher than in the control and BPH groups. Furthermore, the serum MMP-2 levels in prostate cancer patients with metastasis were highly elevated compared with those without metastases. The MMP-2 density in pathologically organ-confined prostate cancer was significantly higher than that in BPH. There was a statistically significant difference in the MMP-2 density between pT2N0M0 and pT1N0M0 prostate cancers. Moreover, the serum MMP-2 level correlated well with the clinical course of prostate cancer with bone metastasis. Our results suggest that MMP-2 plays an important role in the development and extension of prostate cancer and that the serum level of MMP-2 and the MMP-2 density indicate prostate cancer extension and are, therefore, useful for the followup of prostate cancer patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Overexpression of Bcl-2 in bladder cancer cells inhibits apoptosis induced by cisplatin and adenoviral-mediated p53 gene transfer.

To investigate the effects of the expression of Bcl-2 protein in bladder cancer on the apoptosis induced by cisplatin or adenoviral-mediated p53 gene (Ad5CMV-p53) transfer, we transfected the bcl-2 gene into KoTCC-1, a human bladder cancer cell line that does not express the Bcl-2 protein. The Bcl-2-transfected KoTCC-1 (KoTCC-1/B) exhibited significantly higher resistance to both cisplatin and Ad5CMV-p53 transfer than did either the parental KoTCC-1 (KoTCC-1/P) or the vector-only transfected cell line (KoTCC-1/C). The flow cytometric analysis of the propidium iodide-stained nuclei and DNA fragmentation analysis after cisplatin or Ad5CMV-p53 treatment revealed DNA degradation in both KoTCC-1/P and KoTCC-1/C, whereas KoTCC1/B showed a marked inhibition of DNA degradation. Following the treatment with cisplatin or Ad5CMV-p53, the accumulation of p53 protein was highly detectable for a long period in KoTCC-1/B compared to that in KoTTC-1/P and KoTCC-1/C. Furthermore, the cisplatin and Ad5CMV-p53 treatments each reduced the volume of the subcutaneous tumors established in nude mice formed by KoTCC-1/P or KoTCC-1/C; in contrast, their reductive effects on the tumors formed by KoTCC-1/B were significantly suppressed. The intraperitoneal tumor cell implantation model revealed that the prognoses of mice injected with KoTCC-1/B were significantly inferior to those of the mice injected with either KoTCC-1/P or KoTCC-1/C after treatment with cisplatin or Ad5CMV-p53. These findings suggest that the expression of Bcl-2 in bladder cancer cells interferes with the therapeutic effects of cisplatin and Ad5CMV-p53 through the inhibition of the apoptotic pathway.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1998

Molecular detection of cancer cells by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis of specific CD44 variant RNAs.

BACKGROUND: CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein implicated in such diverse biologic processes as lymphocyte activation and homing, extracellular matrix adhesion, and cellular migration. Primary transcripts of the CD44 gene can be alternatively spliced to produce a variety of messenger RNA (mRNA) species. The standard form of CD44 mRNA contains sequences from at least 20 genomic exons; variant mRNAs contain sequences from one or more additional exons (v1-10). Predominant expression of a specific CD44 variant, i.e., CD44v8-10, in several human carcinomas has been described previously. In this study, we developed a novel molecular approach for detecting cancer cells that overexpress CD44v8-10 mRNA. METHODS: After finding that CD44v8-10 was predominantly expressed in non-small-cell lung and bladder carcinomas and that CD44v10 was predominantly expressed in leukocytes, we developed a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay (CC-RT-PCR) that allows quantification of the relative expression of these two mRNA species in clinical specimens (i.e., determination of a v8-10/v10 ratio). CC-RT-PCR analysis was applied to pleural effusion specimens from patients with benign or malignant lung diseases as well as to spontaneously voided urine samples from patients with benign or malignant urologic diseases. RESULTS: Fifty two of 54 samples from patients with benign diseases expressed CD44v10 predominantly (v8-10/v10 ratio < or = 0.65), whereas 46 of 61 samples from patients with malignant diseases expressed CD44v8-10 predominantly (v8-10/v10 ratio > 1.00) (two-sided P < .001). CC-RT-PCR detected predominant expression of CD44v8-10 in cytologically negative samples from 11 patients who were later diagnosed with malignant disease. CONCLUSIONS: CC-RT-PCR analysis of CD44v8-10 expression could be an important adjunct to cytologic examination in cancer diagnosis, especially in detecting exfoliated cancer cells in pleural effusions and urine.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor is associated with resistance to cisplatin in a human bladder cancer cell line.

To clarify the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in the drug resistance of bladder cancer, we transfected the FGF-2 gene into HT1376, an FGF-2 negative human bladder cancer cell line. The FGF-2-transfected cell lines exhibited three- to four-fold higher resistant potential to cisplatin than the vector-only transfected control cell lines in vitro. When cisplatin was injected intraperitoneally after s.c. implantation of HT1376 sublines into nude mice, FGF-2 transfectants formed tumors about twice as large as did controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference in either cell proliferation in vitro or tumor growth in vivo among these cell lines without cisplatin treatment. Furthermore, DNA degradation following cisplatin treatment was markedly suppressed in FGF-2 transfectants compared to control cells. These results suggest that the expression of the FGF-2 gene plays an important role in the acquisition of the cisplatin-resistant phenotype of bladder cancer, probably through the protection against cisplatin-induced apoptosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Diagnosis of lung cancer in a patient with pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis using MRI.

We report the MRI features and correlative pathologic findings of a lung cancer in a patient with progressive massive fibrosis (PMF). In this case, MRI was able to distinguish the lung cancer as a high signal intensity area, and the fibrotic mass as a low signal intensity area, on both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images when compared with muscle. MRI is potentially useful in distinguishing cancer tissue from PMF in patients with pneumoconiosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Expression of CD44 in rat liver allografts during rejection.

As CD44 is believed to be a homing receptor involved in lymphoid trafficking and inflammatory responses, it is expected to be closely linked to transplant rejection. In this study, the expression of CD44 during liver transplant rejection was compared with the expression of lymphocyte-function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which play an essential role in cell interactions and the initiation of immune responses. Male Brown Norway (BN) and Lewis (LEW) rats were used as donors and recipients, respectively. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTX) was done using the cuff technique of Kamada and Calne. Animals were killed on days 3, 5, and 7 after OLTX, and a piece of tissue from each of the liver grafts was obtained. Immunohistochemical staining was used to investigate the expression of CD44, ICAM-1, and LFA-1. CD44 was strongly expressed in portal areas of the rejected liver, and LFA-1 and ICAM-1 were expressed mainly on sinusoids and hepatocytes. These findings indicate that CD44 is closely involved in lymphocyte infiltration, which is dominant in portal areas, and that lymphocyte infiltration during the rejection process may involve a homing mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

MRI signal characteristics of progressive massive fibrosis in silicosis.

AIM: To determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal characteristics of progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) in silicosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We evaluated prospectively the MR appearances in 17 patients with 34 PMF lesions on the basis of pre-contrast signal intensity (SI) and SI pattern and post-contrast enhancement pattern, using a 0.5-T unit. There were 13 PMF lesions in six patients who had silicosis and 21 PMF lesions in 11 patients who had silicotuberculosis. The SI pattern on T2-weighted image (WI) was classified into four types and the pattern of contrast enhancement on T1-WI was classified into three types. MR appearances of PMF lesions were correlated with the findings of computed tomography (CT). RESULTS: The commonest signal intensity characteristic was isointensity (70%) on T1-WI and hypointensity (68%) on T2-WI when compared with skeletal muscle. For signal pattern on T2-WI, a type with only internal high SI areas (46% in silicosis group, 38% in silicotuberculosis group) was most frequent. All of these areas corresponded to the low density areas at CT, suggestive of necrosis. After intravenous contrast medium enhancement, rim enhancement (54% in silicosis group, 52% in silicotuberculosis group) was most frequent, followed by no enhancement. CONCLUSION: The most common MRI appearance of PMF was isointensity on T1-WI and hypointensity on T2-WI when compared with skeletal muscle, with internal high SI areas on T2-WI and either rim enhancement or no enhancement.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Receptor occupancy in myocardium, adrenal cortex, and brain by TH-142177, a novel AT1 receptor antagonist in rats, in relation to its plasma concentration and hypotensive effect.

PURPOSE: To study the relationship between angiotensin II (AII) receptor occupancy ex vivo in tissues plasma concentration and hypotensive effect of a novel AII receptor antagonist, TH-142177 and losartan in rats. METHODS: At 2, 8 and 24 hr after oral administration of TH-142177 and losartan in rats, AII receptors in myocardium, adrenal cortex and cerebral cortex were determined by radioligand binding assay using [125I]Sar1,Ile8-AII. Plasma concentrations of both drugs and metabolite in rats were also measured using validated HPLC assays. Further, systolic blood pressure (SBP) in conscious renal hypertensive rats treated orally with TH-142177 and losartan were measured by using a tail cuff plethysmographic method. RESULTS: Oral administration of TH-142177 (1.8 and 5.5 micromol/kg) and losartan (6.5 and 21.7 micromol/kg) in rats brought about dose-dependent decreases in [125I]Sar1,Ile8-AII binding sites (Bmax) in myocardium and adrenal cortex. The extent of receptor occupancy by both drugs in adrenal cortex was maximal at 2 hr later but that in myocardium at 8 hr later. Further, the receptor occupancy was more sustained in myocardium than adrenal cortex. The ex vivo binding affinity of TH-142177 for AII receptors in these tissues was roughly three times higher than that of losartan. Also, cerebral cortical [125I]Sar1,Ile8-AII binding was significantly reduced by oral administration of losartan but not by TH-142177. The time course of AII receptor occupancy by both drugs in adrenal cortex appeared to be in parallel with that of their plasma concentrations, while the time course in myocardium correlated with that of their hypotensive effects rather than plasma concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: TH-142177 produced a relatively selective and sustained occupancy ex vivo of AII receptors in myocardium and adrenal cortex of rats with approximately three times greater potency than losartan. Its time course of myocardial receptor occupancy was in parallel with that of hypotensive effect rather than plasma concentration.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1998

Bile salt hydrophobicity modulates subselection of biliary lecithin species in rats depleted of bile salt pool.

Although bile salts play an important role in the secretion of biliary lipid, little is known about the relationship between bile salt hydrophobicity and the selection of lecithin species to be secreted into bile. We therefore investigated whether bile salts modulate the selection of biliary lecithin subspecies. Rats that were depleted of the bile salt pool were infused with taurocholate (50, 100, 200, and 400 nmol/min/100 g body weight), taurochenodeoxycholate (25, 50, 100, and 200 nmol/min/100 g body weight), tauroursodeoxycholate (100, 200, 400, and 800 nmol/min/100 g body weight), or taurobetamuricholate (100, 200, 400, and 800 nmol/min/100 g body weight). Bile was collected to analyze bile flow, bile acid output, cholesterol levels, and lecithin levels. The hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of the bile salts and biliary lecithin species was assessed by determining the retention times during reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Biliary lecithin secretion rates correlated with the hydrophobicity index of the biliary bile salts administered. Thus, biliary lecithin hydrophobicity increased with increasing bile salt hydrophobicity, whereas the molar cholesterol-lecithin ratio in the bile decreased. In conclusion, bile salt hydrophobicity regulates the selection of biliary lecithin subspecies during biliary secretion and thereby modulates, at least in part, bile cholesterol metastability. Thus, bile salt hydrophobicity accounts for the physicochemical conditions determining bile lipid metastability.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The significance of lymphadenectomy in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of lymphadenectomy after nephroureterectomy in patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the upper urinary tract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1986 and December 1995, 72 patients (mean age 67 years, range 45-82) underwent nephroureterectomy for primary TCC of the upper urinary tract. In 35 patients, a lymphadenectomy was also performed. The clinicopathological data were analysed retrospectively, focusing on the significance of lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: Lymph vessel invasion was found in 28 patients and its incidence was closely correlated with both tumour grade and pathological stage. Of the 35 patients who underwent lymphadenectomy, lymph node metastases were found in 13 patients, all of whom had lymph vessel invasion. There was no significant difference in the survival rate between patients with and without lymphadenectomy; however, among the 44 patients with no lymph vessel invasion, the survival rate of those with lymphadenectomy was significantly higher than in those without (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Lymphadenectomy may provide a therapeutic advantage in patients with upper urinary tract TCC and no lymph vessel invasion. However, patients with lymph vessel invasion seem to have systemic disease; therefore, aggressive systemic adjuvant therapies rather than regional lymphadenectomy should be applied in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Anastomotic recurrence after curative resection of a transverse colon carcinoma: a case report.

We report a case of anastomotic recurrence after curative surgery for transverse colon cancer in a 53-year-old man. The recurrence was first detected as a submucosal tumor 1.3 cm in diameter, located on the suture line, during an annual follow-up barium enema and colonoscopy. A repeat examination 3 months later showed the lesion to be a typical colon cancer, 2.5 cm in size, with a large ulcerated area. Right hemicolectomy was performed with curative intent. Anastomotic recurrence is much rarer after colonic resection than after anterior resection. This was the first time that we had detected a recurrent lesion as a submucosal tumor during annual follow-up examination.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

A combination therapy with simvastatin and ursodeoxycholic acid is more effective for cholesterol gallstone dissolution than is ursodeoxycholic acid monotherapy.

Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy,3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase have been reported to decrease the cholesterol saturation index (CSI) in duodenal bile in humans and to prevent formation of cholesterol gallstones in animal studies. We performed a prospective study to evaluate the role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors as gallstone-dissolving agents. Fifty patients with radiolucent gallstones in a gallbladder opacifying at drip infusion cholecystography were treated with either 10 mg/day simvastatin plus 600 mg/day ursodeoxycholic acid (group 1, n=26) or 600 mg/day ursodeoxycholic acid alone (group 2, n=24) for 12 months. The ratio of solitary to multiple gallstone cases was 21:29. Plasma lipid levels were assessed and ultrasonographic examination of the gallbladder was performed at baseline and at 3-month intervals during treatment. Duodenal bile sampling was performed in five patients in each group at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. Plasma cholesterol decreased significantly in group 1 but not in group 2. In solitary gallstone cases, no significant difference in dissolution rates was observed between groups 1 (3 of 9, 33%) and 2 (4 of 12, 33%). In contrast, the dissolution rate in multiple gallstone cases was significantly higher in group 1 (12 of 17, 71%) than in group 2 (3 of 12, 25%) (p < 0.01). Bile cholesterol saturation index was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) but did not significantly differ between the two groups. These results suggest that combination therapy with simvastatin and ursodeoxycholic acid is more effective for cholesterol gallstone dissolution than ursodeoxycholic acid monotherapy in patients with multiple gallstones.

Bile↗
PubMed1998

Renal effects of the calcium channel blocker aranidipine and its active metabolite in anesthetized dogs and conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal effects of aranidipine, a novel calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type, and its active metabolite in anesthetized dogs and conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). When infused into the renal artery in anesthetized dogs, aranidipine (0.03 microg/kg/min) induced sustained increases in urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium and of potassium. This effect was greater than that elicited by nifedipine (0.1 microg/kg/min). The aranidipine metabolite, M-1 (0.1 microg/kg/min), also caused diuresis and natriuresis almost equal to those of nifedipine. The stop-flow experiment using the anesthetized dog showed that intrarenal infusion of aranidipine (0.03 microg/kg/min), as well as nifedipine (0.1 microg/kg/min), produced natriuresis at the distal tubular site rather than at the proximal site. Aranidipine (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg), when administered orally, dose-dependently increased urine volume and urinary excretion of electrolytes in conscious saline-loaded SHRs. M-1 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) also showed diuretic and natriuretic effects comparable to those of nifedipine (10 mg/kg) in SHRs. In addition, after repeated oral administration of aranidipine for 7 days, short-term tolerance was not found for its diuretic and natriuretic effects in SHRs. These results suggest that, apart from antihypertensive efficiency, aranidipine may offer a therapeutic advantage by producing diuresis and natriuresis in hypertensive patients. The metabolite of aranidipine may contribute, in part, to the diuretic, natriuretic, and antihypertensive effects of aranidipine.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1998

Urinary cytology and competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of a specific CD44 variant to detect and monitor bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: Recently a novel molecular approach, CD44 variant exon (v)8-10/CD44 v10 competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), was developed. CD44 competitive RT-PCR can detect a sparse population of cancer cells over expressing CD44 v8-10 among a much larger population of nonneoplastic cells in body fluids, that is pleural effusion and urine, by the measurement of transcriptional CD44 v8-10 relative to CD44 v10. The use of the CD44 competitive RT-PCR assay to diagnose and monitor bladder cancer was compared to urinary cytology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spontaneously voided urine samples from 71 patients with bladder cancer and 50 with benign urological diseases were analyzed by CD44 competitive RT-PCR and conventional urinary cytology. Urine samples from 24 patients with completely resected bladder tumors also were analyzed. RESULTS: The CD44 competitive RT-PCR assay and urinary cytology revealed a sensitivity of 77 and 58%, and a specificity of 100 and 98%, respectively. Furthermore, combining the results of the 2 methods increased sensitivity to 90%. Urine samples from patients with bladder cancer following curative surgery were correctly diagnosed in 96% with the CD44 competitive RT-PCR assay compared to 83% with urinary cytology. CONCLUSIONS: The CD44 competitive RT-PCR assay is a useful, noninvasive method to diagnose and monitor bladder cancer. The assay could be an important adjunct to urinary cytology to detect exfoliated bladder cancer cells in urine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Direct revascularization to the anterior cerebral artery territory in patients with moyamoya disease: report of five cases.

OBJECTIVE: In some patients with moyamoya disease, the development of spontaneous leptomeningeal collateral channels between the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and other major arteries is poor. These patients require revascularization not only to the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) but also to that of the ACA. For reliable revascularization to the ACA territory, we performed superficial temporal artery (STA)-ACA direct anastomosis in 5 of 58 patients with moyamoya disease who underwent cerebral revascularization at our institute during the last 8 years. METHODS: Because two patients presented with ischemic symptoms corresponding to the ACA territory after the ipsilateral STA-MCA anastomosis, we subsequently performed STA-ACA anastomosis. In three patients in whom hypoperfusion in the ACA territory was suspected based on preoperative angiograms and/or stimulated cerebral blood flow studies, we performed STA-ACA and STA-MCA anastomoses during a single operative procedure. After paramedian frontal craniotomy (diameter, approximately 5 cm), STA-ACA anastomosis was performed at the convexity, using a cortical branch of the ACA as a recipient. An interposed STA graft was used in four patients; all of the grafts were shorter than 4 cm. RESULTS: Bypass flow was satisfactory in four patients. One patient who underwent simultaneous STA-ACA and STA-MCA anastomoses had poor bypass flow, probably caused by spontaneous leptomeningeal collateral channels between the ACA and MCA. No patient had an ischemic attack after surgery. CONCLUSION: Our method using a cortical branch of the ACA as a recipient and a branch of the STA for the interposed graft can be performed at the convexity and much more easily than in a deep operative field. Our experience with STA-ACA anastomosis indicates that this procedure is effective for revascularization of the ACA territory in patients with moyamoya disease.

Adolescent↗