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Biomedical subjects

H Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to H Miyake.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Mass screening for neuroblastoma and mortality in birth cohorts.

Mortality resulting from neuroblastoma in birth cohorts in both Sapporo City and the whole of Japan was investigated to evaluate the effects of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mass screening program, targeting on 6 month-old infants. In Sapporo City, the non-HPLC screened cohort showed no reduction in mortality at 4 years of age compared with the pre-screening cohort. However, the HPLC screened cohort showed a reduction of 69% in mortality compared with the pre-screening cohort. On a nation-wide scale, there was a significant decline in mortality for the non-HPLC screened cohort compared with the pre-screening cohort; for the HPLC screened cohort for 1989-1991, there was also a reduction in mortality for children younger than 2 years of age. The incidence of neuroblastoma at 1-4 years of age in the HPLC cohort in Sapporo City was about half that in the pre-screening cohort, along with and probably because of an increasing incidence among infants in the same cohort. Our findings suggest that HPLC screening may detect some poor-prognosis neuroblastoma cases at early stages, thus providing for more favorable therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Association between cigarette smoking and prostatism in a Japanese community.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cigarette smoking and prostatism among Japanese men. METHODS: Male residents of Shimamaki-mura, Japan, aged 40-79 years old (n = 286), completed a self-administered questionnaire that included the international prostate symptom score (IPSS). A detailed cigarette smoking history was also obtained. All men had a transrectal ultrasonographic estimate of prostatic volume and a peak urinary flow rate measurement. RESULTS: Current cigarette smoking was inversely associated with an impaired peak urinary flow rate (< 15 mL/sec) (odd ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.18, 0.84), and with moderate to severe symptoms (IPSS > 7) (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.48, 1.49), but was not significantly associated with prostatic volume. Smokers of 1 to 1.4 packs a day were less likely and smokers of less than a pack a day or 1.5 or more packs a day were more likely to have moderate to severe symptoms and a greater prostatic volume. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that cigarette smoking may have a protective effect on prostatism at certain smoking intensities, but no effect or a deleterious effect at other intensities.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Contribution of aranidipine metabolites with slow binding kinetics to the vasodilating activity of aranidipine.

Aranidipine, a novel dihydropyridine derivative, gives rise to two active metabolites, M-1(alpha) and M-1(beta), which exhibit hypotensive activity comparable to that of nifedipine. The aim of this study was to examine the recovery phase of the vasodilating effect of M-1(alpha) and of M-1(beta), to determine their binding characteristics and to compare the results with those for aranidipine and other dihydropyridine derivatives. During intra-arterial infusion into the femoral vascular beds of anesthetized dogs, M-1(alpha), M-1(beta), and nifedipine, produced increases in femoral blood flow at doses three times higher than the dose of aranidipine required to produce a comparable effect. The onset and recovery of the effects of the metabolites on femoral blood flow were significantly slower than the onset and recovery of the effect of nifedipine. The inhibitory activities of M-1(alpha) and M-1(beta) towards stimulated 45Ca uptake in isolated guinea pig aorta were less than that of aranidipine. In binding studies, using porcine heart membrane preparations, [3H]M-1(alpha) and [3H]M-1(beta) had larger Kd values than [3H]aranidipine and [3H]nitrendipine, but the maximal binding number for each of them was almost the same. The association and dissociation rate constants for [3H]M-1(alpha) and [3H]M-1(beta) binding, as well as those for [3H]aranidipine binding, were significantly smaller than those for [3H]nitrendipine, corresponding to the recovery of the in vivo vasodilating effects of the metabolites. The dissociation rate constants of these radiolabeled ligands were highly positively correlated with the elimination rate constants of their in vivo vasodilating effects. From these results, we conclude that M-1(alpha) and M-1(beta), although their binding affinities and Ca2+ antagonistic actions are less potent, possess slower kinetic binding properties than many other dihydropyridines and that the slow kinetic interaction of these metabolites with the dihydropyridine receptor may contribute to the long-lasting in vivo vasodilating effect of aranidipine.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Effects of interleukin-11 on carboplatin-induced thrombocytopenia in rats and in combination with stem cell factor.

The effects of interleukin-11 (IL-11) which stimulates megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis and/or stem cell factor (SCF) which stimulates multiple lineage cells in the peripheral blood by an increase in marrow cellularity on hematopoietic suppression in carboplatin (CBDCA)-treated rats were determined. CBDCA was administered to rats at a dose of 35 mg/kg as a single intraperitoneal bolus on day 0. IL-11 (20 micrograms/day) was given subcutaneously for 10 days from day 5 after CBDCA treatment. IL-11 ameliorated the suppression of hematopoiesis in rats treated with CBDCA. Especially, the production of the platelets was stimulated by IL-11 more markedly than that of cells of other lineages. However, the combination of SCF and IL-11 intensified the CBDCA-induced suppression of hematopoiesis. These findings may be helpful in the design of future therapies to prevent or treat thrombocytopenia induced by chemotherapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A new ventriculoperitoneal shunt with a telemetric intracranial pressure sensor: clinical experience in 94 patients with hydrocephalus.

OBJECTIVE: We have developed a telemetric intracranial pressure sensor (OSAKA telesensor; Nagano Keiki Seisakusyo Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and investigated the clinical usefulness of new ventriculoperitoneal shunting with an OSAKA telesensor, an on-off valve, and a programmable valve. METHODS: The OSAKA telesensor was applied in 94 patients at Osaka Medical College between March 1986 and December 1995. Postoperative management, postoperative course, postural change of intracranial pressure (ICP), and zero drift of the OSAKA telesensor were investigated. RESULTS: ICP was measured easily in all patients with no inconvenience. The setting of the programmable valve was adjusted postoperatively 38 times in 25 patients. Postoperative ICP in the upright position was -14.9 +/- 4.5 mm Hg, and the difference in ICP between the supine and the upright position was about 20 mm Hg. The slope of the decrease in ICP with continuous postural changes from the supine to the upright position was steep until about 30 to 45 degrees but became incrementally less or even rose slightly about this angle. The initial slope was steeper when the shunt was open than when the shunt was closed; it was also steeper postoperatively than preoperatively. This initial slope, therefore, may indicate the intracranial compliance. Seven cases of shunt malfunction were diagnosed correctly by ICP measurements. Zero drift of the OSAKA telesensor was easily corrected by comparing the ICP reading from the telesensor with the puncture pressure in the on-off valve. CONCLUSION: The OSAKA telesensor is very useful in the postoperative care and pathophysiological evaluation of patients with hydrocephalus.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1997

A melibiose transporter and an operon containing its gene in Enterobacter cloacae.

We detected inducible melibiose transport activity in cells of Enterobacter cloacae IID977. H+, but not Na+, was found to be the coupling cation for this transporter. We cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the melibiose transporter. A homology search of a protein sequence database revealed that this melibiose transporter has high sequence similarity with the lactose transporter (LacY) and the raffinose transporter (RafB) and has some similarity with the melibiose transporter (MelB) of Escherichia coli.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Age-related differences in internal prostatic architecture on transrectal ultrasonography: results of a community based survey in Japan.

PURPOSE: We determined age-related differences in prostate internal architecture and prostate volume by transrectal ultrasonography in Japanese men 40 to 79 years old. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 287 study participants were categorized by transition zone disease: group 1-not visible (normal prostate), group 2-visible, borders unclear (diffusely enlarged hyperplasia) and group 3-visible, border clear (nodularly enlarged hyperplasia). RESULTS: Group 1 comprised 40% of men 50 to 79 years old and showed slightly decreased median prostate volume with age. Prostate volume and its variance increased with age in group 3 but differed little across age in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In a community sample the prostatic internal architecture relationship with age and prostate volume suggested differing growth patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Transcallosal and transcortical approaches for tumors at the anterior part of the lateral ventricle: relations between visualized and ventricular size].

The transcallosal approach has been widely used for tumors located near the midline of the anterior part of the lateral ventricle, while the transcortical approach is known to provide a wide surgical field in cases of hydrocephalus. However, it is not always easy to choose the appropriate approach in individual cases. The size of the visualized field obtained via the surgical approach is one of the most important factors determining the accessibility of the lesion. In this study, we investigated the difference in the sizes of the fields afforded by these two approaches on the basis of our clinical experience and simulation studies. We surgically treated intraventricular pathology located at the anterior part of the lateral ventricle in five patients with tumors and one with a cyst. Tumors with lateral extension of less than 20 mm were approached via the transcallosal route, and those with more than 20 mm of lateral extension via the transcortical route. In the simulation study, the size of the surgical field was measured through a 3-cm incision of either the cerebral cortex or the corpus callosum under various conditions of ventricular enlargement. Two patients treated via the transcortical approach underwent subtotal removal; one of them had a large bilaterally extending tumor measuring 50 mm in its greatest diameter, and the other had tumor involvement of the fornix. The other three tumors and the cyst were totally resected. While postoperative subcortical hematoma developed in two patients, one each treated via the transcortical and the transcallosal approach, no deficits remained at discharge. Since enucleation procedure was insufficient in patients with hard tumors, a wider surgical field than that in patients with soft tumors was considered necessary. When combined approaches are considered indispensable for a patient with a massive tumor, the transcortical approach may be indicated for priority of order to prevent bilaterally residual tumors. The simulation study disclosed that, in either approach, wider surgical field was obtained as the size of ventricle increased. However, the transcallosal approach afforded a wider field than did the transcortical approach not only in ventricules of normal size but also in mild hydrocephalus with cortical thickness of between 30 and 40 mm. The transcortical approach, on the other hand, produced a much wider field in more advanced hydrocephalus with a thickness of less than 30 mm. A wider surgical field can be obtained by certain tactics such as upward retraction of the incised corpus callosum, moving the cortical window, or oblique or transverse cortical incision.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[A case of repetitive cerebellar ataxia with persistent primitive trigeminal artery].

We reported a case of 40 year-old-male, with the persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), who had exhibited transient dysarthria and gait disturbance since he was 30 years old. The symptoms gradually became aggravated in both frequency and duration. The results of the angiography showed that hypogenesis of bilateral vertebral artery and PPTA originated from the left internal carotid artery and joined to the upper portion of the basilar artery. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed no abnormality, whereas those of MRI showed PPTA compressing the left ventral part of the pons. It seemed probable that transient cerebellar ataxia occurred with transient compression of the ventral part of the pons, containing the pontocerebellar fibers, by the expansion of the lumen of PPTA.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Basic fibroblast growth factor regulates matrix metalloproteinases production and in vitro invasiveness in human bladder cancer cell lines.

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production and in vitro invasive potential of human bladder cancer cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The human bladder cancer cell lines, HT1376 and KoTCC-1, were used in this study. The mRNA for FGF receptor has been shown to be expressed in both cell lines; the mRNA for FGF-2 is expressed in only KoTCC-1. The effects of FGF-2 expression on HT1376 by gene transfection and those of FGF-2 antisense oligonucleotides treatment on KoTCC-1 were analyzed by zymography and in vitro tumor cell invasion assay. RESULTS: The introduction of human FGF-2 gene into HT1376 cells markedly enhanced both the MMP-2 and MMP-9 production, and the in vitro invasive potential was also increased. In contrast, the exposure of KoTCC-1 cells to FGF-2 specific antisense oligonucleotides decreased the MMP-2 production and in vitro invasive potential, but the exposure to FGF-2 sense oligonucleotides did not. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that FGF-2 plays an important role in the invasive process of human bladder cancer in part through the regulation of MMPs production.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1996

Incidence of intracranial meningiomas in Nagasaki atomic-bomb survivors.

Among the Nagasaki atomic-bomb survivors registered at the Scientific Data Center for Atomic-Bomb Disaster, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 45 cases of surgically treated intracranial meningioma were collected from 6 hospitals with departments of neurosurgery in or near Nagasaki City during the period from 1973 to 1992. All 45 patients were over 40 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Subsequently, the 45 cases were statistically analyzed in relationship to the estimated distance from the hypocenter by age, gender, intracranial location, histology and latent period. The analysis showed a high correlation between incidence of meningiomas and distance from the hypocenter. The incidence among Nagasaki atomic-bomb survivors over 40 years of age, especially in those proximally exposed, appears to be increasing, in inverse proportion to the exposure distance, since 1981, 36 years after the explosion of the atomic bomb.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Epidemiology of childhood leukemia in Hokkaido, Japan.

The population-based epidemiological indices (crude incidence, survival rate, mortality, etc.) of childhood leukemia (0-14 years of age) from 1969 to 1993 in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan, were calculated, using data obtained from the Registry of Childhood Malignancies in Hokkaido Prefecture. A total of 1,084 cases of leukemia were diagnosed in the 1969-93 period. The annual incidence of all types of leukemia from 1984 to 1993 was about 4 per 100,000 children aged 0-14 years, with the incidence of ANLL decreasing slightly and that of ALL increasing. The ratio of ALL/ANLL could similarly be seen to be increasing in all age groups. Out of a cohort of 100,000 live births, about 65 children developed leukemia by 14 years of age, and in this longitudinal observation the ratio of ALL/ANLL was increasing. The incidence of ALL and ANLL and the ratio of ALL/ANLL in Japanese children are approaching those of Caucasians. Approximately 80% of the ALL cases were of the LI type (FAB classification), and about 65% of these could be immunologically classified as "common" ALL. The 5-year survival rate of T- and B-cell ALL cases was 50% or less, while that of "common" ALL cases was about 80%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Messenger ribonucleic acids for fibroblast growth factors and their receptor in bladder and renal cell carcinoma cell lines.

FGF-like growth factors have been detected in the urine of patients with bladder or renal cell carcinoma. FGF-1-like and FGF-2-like proteins have been detected in the urine of patients with bladder carcinoma. However, the expression of FGFs and their receptor in bladder and renal cell carcinoma cells remains limited. We measured the mRNA levels of FGFs and their receptor in these carcinoma cell lines by means of RT-PCR. We detected FGF-8 mRNA expression in murine cell lines of bladder and renal cell carcinomas but not in those of the normal bladder and kidney. Furthermore, FGF-8 mRNA expression was detected in all human bladder and renal cell carcinoma cell lines tested. We also frequently detected FGF-1, FGF-2 and FGF-5 mRNA expression in human bladder and renal cell carcinoma cell lines. These results indicate that FGF-8 is also candidate for marker of these types of carcinoma as well as FGF-1 and FGF-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Introduction of basic fibroblast growth factor gene into mouse renal cell carcinoma cell line enhances its metastatic potential.

To clarify the role of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in the malignant progression of renal cell carcinoma, we transfected the FGF-2 gene, which lacks the typical signal sequence, into RenCa, a mouse renal cell carcinoma cell line that does not express FGF-2 mRNA. In an in vitro tumor cell invasion assay, the FGF-2-transfected cell lines (RenCa/F) exhibited 3- to 4-fold higher invasive potential than either the parental RenCa (RenCa/P) or the vector-only transfected cell line (RenCa/C). Zymography showed a marked increase in matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) production in the culture supernatants of RenCa/F. Furthermore, when injected i.v. or into the renal subcapsule in syngeneic mice, RenCa/F formed more than 10 times as many metastatic nodules in the lung as did RenCa/P and RenCa/C. Metastases to the liver and mesenteric lymph nodes were observed only after the injection of RenCa/F into the renal subcapsule. In contrast, there was no significant difference in either cell proliferation in vitro or tumor growth in vivo among RenCa sublines. These results suggest that if it is overexpressed, endogenous native FGF-2 plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma, probably through the production of MMP-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Study of urinary mandelic acid concentration and peripheral nerve conduction among styrene workers.

The relationship between exposure to styrene and nerve conduction velocities was investigated in 32 workers occupationally exposed to styrene. There was a dose-dependent relationship between urinary mandelic acid and ulnar and peroneal motor distal latencies (MDLs). The ulnar and peroneal MDLs of subgroup B (urinary mandelic acid > or = 250 mg/l) were significantly longer than those of subgroup A (urinary mandelic acid < 250 mg/l)(p < 0.05), and the referent group (p < 0.03). After adjusting confounding factors, urinary mandelic acid had a significant positive relationship with ulnar and peroneal MDL. Our study suggests that a low level of styrene, below the 50 ppm exposure limit of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), involves the risk of inducing adverse effects on the peripheral nervous system. The study also indicated that motor distal latency is a sensitive parameter of toxic peripheral neuropathy.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1996

Renal cell carcinoma in a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.

We report the case of a patient with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) who developed renal cell carcinoma (RCC). At birth, this patient presented with macroglossia, diastasis recti, mild gigantism, hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia, and the diagnosis of BWS was made. At 22 months, an intrapelvic rhabdomyosarcoma was detected and resected. At 37 months, computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a small mass with high attenuation in the right kidney, which was surgically confirmed to be RCC.

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome↗