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Biomedical subjects

H Mikawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Mikawa.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Clinical evaluation of aspoxicillin in children].

Aspoxicillin (ASPC), a new penicillin for injection, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 29 children with bacterial infection (Table 1), and the following results were obtained. MICs of ASPC to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to 4 out of 13 strains of H. influenzae were higher than 6.25 micrograms/ml. MICs to 5 strains of S. pneumoniae were lower than 0.78 microgram/ml and 1 out of 3 strains of S. aureus and 1 strain of E. coli showed higher MICs than 100 micrograms/ml. ASPC was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 21 to 98 mg/kg by 30 minutes drip infusion or intravenous injection to 29 patients (16 cases of pneumonia, 8 cases of tonsillitis, 3 cases of bronchitis, 1 case of urinary tract infection, 1 case of impetigo) and the following clinical results were obtained: excellent; 11 cases, good; 11 cases, fair; 3 cases, poor; 1 case. The overall efficacy rate was 85% (Table 3, 4). No clinical side-effects were observed in any of the patients. Leukopenia was noted in 1 case. Slight elevation of GOT and GPT was noted in 2 cases, and minimal elevation of GOT was observed in other 2 cases (Table 5). These data suggest that ASPC is an useful new antibiotic in the treatment of children with susceptible bacterial infection and may be used as the first choice antibiotic for the treatment of respiratory tract infection in children.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1985

Enhanced granulopoiesis in mice transplanted with colony-stimulating factor-producing BMA1 tumor.

Inoculation of BMA1 cells into BALB/c nude mice formed tumors (BMA1 tumor) that were transplantable into ddY mice, and induced marked granulopoiesis in vivo. Histological study revealed that the tumor was a fibrosarcoma, some parts of which were calcified, and consisted of hemopoietic foci surrounded by adipose tissue. This tumor was regarded as producing CSF in vivo as well as in vitro, since CSF activity was detected in sera of the tumor-bearing mice and tumor extract. Granulopoiesis and splenomegaly developed, associated with an increase of stem cells in the spleen. The number of CFUc and CFUs in the spleen increased to about 91 times and 21 times those of control mice, respectively, whereas the number of stem cells in the tibia did not change significantly. The number of peripheral leukocytes increased to 15 times that of normal mice and amounted to 78% of matured granulocytes. After tumor resection these hematological changes were reversed. The findings suggest that the granulopoiesis in BMA1 tumor-bearing mice may be induced by CSF produced by BMA1 tumor and that the spleen may be a direct target organ of the excessive amount of CSF.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical evaluation of aztreonam in children].

Clinical usage of aztreonam (AZT), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to monobactam, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 patients aged from 1 month-old to 13 year-5 month-old with bacterial infections and the following results were obtained. AZT was administered to 4 patients with pyelonephritis and 10 patients with tonsillitis at a daily dosage of 40.4-120.9 mg/kg and to 5 patients with clinical sepsis associated with agranulocytosis caused by intensive antileukemic therapy at a daily dosage of 142.4-171.4 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4, by intravenous injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 19 evaluable patients were as follows: excellent; 10 cases, good; 5 cases, fair; 2 cases, poor; 2 cases. The over all efficacy rate was 78.9% and that of pyelonephritis and tonsillitis was 100.0%. No clinical side effects were observed in any 23 patients, including a patient who proved to be suffering from Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and no abnormal laboratory findings caused by AZT was noticed. The MICs of AZT against 9 strains isolated from patients with pyelonephritis and those with tonsillitis were as follows: MICs against all of 3 strains of K. pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. MICs against 2 out of 4 strains of H. influenzae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml and those of the remaining 2 strains were 0.10 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. aureus was 1.56 microgram/ml. MIC against 1 strain of S. epidermidis was more than 100 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The use of monoclonal antibodies in demonstrating the effect of antibody heterogeneity on immune complex size.

The effect of antibody heterogeneity on immune complex size was investigated by using monoclonal antibodies. Five monoclonal antibodies which bind different antigenic determinants of human serum albumin were used to produce immune complexes. When one or two different monoclonal antibodies were used, under antigen-excess, antigen-antibody equivalent, and antibody-excess conditions, hardly any immune complexes larger than mouse IgM were produced. On the other hand, in a representative experiment, when five different monoclonal antibodies were used, immune complexes larger than mouse IgM comprised 21.5% of the total antigen under antigen-antibody equivalent conditions, 18.2% under antibody-excess conditions, and 4.3% under antigen-excess conditions. These results indicate that antibody heterogeneity is one of the important factors determining immune complex size.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cerebrospinal fluid GABA levels in children with infantile spasms.

The mean CSF GABA level in 22 children with infantile spasms was significantly lower than in 35 controls. There was no significant difference between the CSF GABA levels in untreated children and those treated with anticonvulsants, or between uncontrolled and temporarily controlled patients. After treatment with ACTH, CSF GABA levels were lower than before treatment, and seizures disappeared. Brain GABAergic neuronal function may be disturbed in children with infantile spasms, but the decreased CSF GABA level does not directly correlate with the seizures of infantile spasms.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

In vivo radiolocalization of antiosteogenic sarcoma monoclonal antibodies in osteogenic sarcoma xenografts.

Monoclonal antibodies Ost6 and Ost7 (mouse Immunoglobulin G1) to human osteogenic sarcoma were isolated from ascitic fluid and labeled with radioiodine. After injection into athymic nu/nu mice with s.c. xenografts of human osteogenic sarcoma, the uptake of radioactivity in tumors, visceral organs, and blood was determined. Five days after injection, Ost6 and Ost7 showed preferential accumulation in tumors (tumor:blood ratio, 4.3). Furthermore, with testicular and bladder tumors, both unreactive with Ost7, there was no localization of radiolabeled Ost7 in xenograft growths. When Ost7 was labeled with 131I, its accumulation into human osteogenic sarcoma could be clearly visualized by whole-body gamma-scintigraphy without computer-assisted data processing.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone caused by vincristine therapy: a case report of the neuropathology.

The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is a rare but well-recognized neurotoxic side effect of vincristine therapy. The first neuropathological report of a case is presented. A 6-month-old boy with skin leukemia developed inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone caused by vincristine. Postmortem examination revealed axonal spheroids in the ansa lenticularis and the area surrounded by the substantia innominata, amygdala and supraoptic nucleus. The lesion was confined to that area and the neurosecretory neurons were intact with well preserved neurophysin. The pathological findings suggest that these fibers play a role in the development of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone caused by vincristine therapy.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Periodic paralysis with cardiac arrhythmia.

In 1963, Klein et al. first described two girls with normokalemic periodic paralysis and cardiac arrhythmia. We have observed a 15-year-old girl with cardiac arrhythmia and normokalemia but with some features of hyperkalemic, periodic paralysis. The patient showed a waddling gait and Gower's sign. She had atrophy of the proximal muscles and deep tendon reflexes were reduced. Her ECG showed bigeminy with multifocal premature ventricular contractions. At the start of an episode of muscle weakness, the serum potassium concentration rose from 3.1 to 4.4 mEq/l. Muscle weakness was not provoked by intravenous administration of 45 g glucose or of 72 g glucose followed by 10 units of regular insulin. Muscle weakness was evoked by the ingestion of 4 g potassium chloride. During the provoked muscle weakness, the ECG showed normal sinus rhythm temporarily.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography in postinfluenzal encephalitis.

A 2-year-old girl developed encephalitis following influenza A virus infection. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed symmetrical hypodense areas in the putamina. Contrast enhancement was noted surrounding the hypodense areas 2 days after the onset of encephalitis. These localized lesions demonstrated on CT have not been reported in the literature of postinfluenzal encephalitis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Sequential CT studies of 24 children with infantile spasms on ACTH therapy.

Sequential CT studies were performed in 24 patients with infantile spasms, before, during and after ACTH therapy, in order to analyze the relationship between the dose of ACTH and changes in CT scan findings. In six cases CT scans did not return to their original state after ACTH therapy. Two illustrative cases are reported. There was a good correlation between the total dose of ACTH and the percentage decrease of brain parenchyma. It is concluded that 'cerebral atrophy' on CT scans may represent an accumulative effect of ACTH and that ACTH should be given with the utmost discretion, and in as low a dose as possible.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

Echocardiographic evaluation of aortic cusp prolapse in children with ventricular septal defect.

Echocardiograms were obtained from 48 Japanese children with ventricular septal defect (16 having aortic cusp prolapse, Group I, and 32 without it, Group II). In the case of right coronary cusp prolapse, the right coronary sinus protrudes anteriorly into the right ventricular outflow tract, and thus, the anteroposterior diameter of the aortic root increases. In the case of non-coronary cusp prolapse, the non-coronary sinus bulges posteriorly into the right ventricle, and thus, the aortic root increases in size. For evaluating the degree of these prolapses quantitatively, we measured the aortic root diameter echocardiographically and expressed them as a percent of a normal one. In Group I the aortic root diameter was 131 +/- 9% (mean +/- SD) and in Group II it was 105 +/- 7%, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). In Group I 14 of the 16 patients had a value greater than 120%, while all 32 patients of Group II had a value smaller than 120%. Thus, in children with ventricular septal defect, an aortic root diameter greater than 120% of normal suggests the presence of aortic cusp prolapse. Systolic semiclosure of the aortic valve was found in 8 patients of Group I (50.0%) and in 2 of Group II (8.7%). Coarse systolic fluttering of the pulmonary valve with an amplitude of greater than 3 mm was detected in 6 of Group I (40.0%) and in 3 of Group II (10.0%). Therefore, semiclosure of the aortic valve and fluttering of the pulmonary valve are considered to be also useful for evaluating aortic cusp prolapse qualitatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Selective enhancement of human IgE production in vitro by synergy of pokeweed mitogen and mercuric chloride.

IgE production in vitro was investigated in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from non-atopic donors with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), or both. PWM alone induced a few IgE immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) detected by reverse plaque forming cells (PFC) and many IgG, IgM, and IgA PFC. HgCl2 alone failed to produce significant numbers of ISC of any class. PWM plus HgCl2 caused a selective increase of IgE PFC without affecting IgG, IgM, and IgA PFC. Co-cultures of B cells plus mitomycin C (MMC) treated T cells stimulated by PWM alone produced more IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE PFC than those of B cells plus T cells. However, PWM plus HgCl2 produced significantly more IgE PFC selectively in those cultures. This effect was observed in the cells of most of the donors, but a few donors showed different responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Suppressive effect of IgE soluble immune complex on neutrophil chemotaxis.

The effect of IgE soluble immune complex (SIC) and IgG SIC on neutrophil chemotaxis was investigated. Eight types of SIC were prepared from kappa type IgE myeloma protein and IgG myeloma protein: IgE-anti-kappa SIC in IgE excess and in anti-kappa excess, IgE-anti-epsilon SIC in IgE excess and in anti-epsilon excess, IgG-anti-kappa SIC in IgG excess and in anti-kappa excess, IgG-anti-gamma SIC in IgG excess and in anti-gamma excess. Four types of IgE SIC markedly suppressed neutrophil and chemotaxis, but free IgE, free anti-kappa chain antibody, free anti-epsilon chain antibody and IgG SIC had no inhibitory activity. This inhibitory activity of IgE SIC on neutrophil chemotaxis was cell directed and concentration-dependent. IgE immune complex also inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis when immune complex was formed in the neutrophil chemotaxis.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1983

De novo tandem duplication of the middle segment of the long arm of chromosome 14.

A boy with a peculiar face and slight psychomotor retardation was found to have a tandem duplication of segment 14q13-22. The karyotype was described as 46,XY, dir dup (14)(pter-q22::q13-q22::q22-qter), being trisomic for the segment. His parents were normal both phenotypically and cytogenetically. The clinical features of the propositus were compared with those of previously reported cases of trisomy 14q involving segment 14q13-22.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1982

Reversible osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. Prevention of tissue damage with filtration of the perfusate.

Histological and fluoromicroscopical studies were performed in order to obtain information about reversibility and associated tissue damage of an osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. Three ml of 1.4 M mannitol solution were perfused through the right carotid artery of a rat, and the opening of the blood-brain barrier was examined by using EVans blue as a tracer. The barrier was opened for 60-120 minutes and then reestablished without gross neurological defect. Microscopically, however, edematous change and microinfarcts were often observed, which might be due to microembolism of recrystallized mannitol. With filtration of the perfusate through a millipore filter, the blood-brain barrier was reversibly opened without any tissue damages. This could be a useful therapeutic technique and an experimental model for neurotoxicology.

Animals↗