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Biomedical subjects

H Mikawa

Publications and source records attributed to H Mikawa.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapsing as acute myelomonocytic leukemia and terminating possibly as chronic myelocytic leukemia.

A 9-year-old boy suffering from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) with a mediastinal mass had a complete remission as a result of treatment. Ten months later, he developed a typical acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL) pattern. Two months after a second relapse, he showed a clinical picture that was indistinguishable from chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). At autopsy, massive infiltration of CML-like cells was observed even in the thymus (190 g). These observations suggest that the leukemia in this child arose in a pluripotent stem cell capable of differentiation into both T-lymphocytic and myelomonocytic lineages.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Establishment of a common acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (LC4-1) and effects of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on the surface antigen expression of the cell line.

A common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line, designated LC4-1, was established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a patient with acute non-T-cell ALL. LC4-1 cells were characteristically positive for Ia, B4, and common ALL antigens (CALLA), but negative for B2, Tac, T3, T4, T8, T11, and M1 antigens and E-rosette formation. Approximately 30% of LC4-1 cells expressed detectable amounts of B1 antigens. LC4-1 cells expressed neither Epstein-Barr-virus-associated nuclear antigen (EBNA), cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (cIg) nor surface immunoglobulins (sIg). Gene rearrangements had already occurred in LC4-1 in the D-J region of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, but not in T-cell receptor (beta-chain) genes, suggesting that LC4-1 is a progenitor cell line of B-cell lineage earlier than pre-B-cells. The expression of cell surface antigens of LC4-1 was changed by treatment with 4-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (0.1 ng/ml) for 2 days. Before treatment with PMA, about 98% of LC4-1 cells were positive for B4, CALLA, and Ia. However, following treatment they lost CALLA expression without any change in expression of Ia and B4. There was no change in B1-positive population. The change in surface antigens on LC4-1 cells seems to be due to differentiation induced in the cells by PMA. These results support the hypothesis that CALLA is a differentiation antigen and suggest one possible differentiation pathway for pre-B-cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Single central maxillary incisor and holoprosencephaly.

A holoprosencephalic child was born to a mother with a single central maxillary incisor. The infant had a median cleft lip, a flat nose with a single nostril, hypotelorism, and normal chromosomes. The head was brachycephalic and small, and computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed semilobar holoprosencephaly. The mother had mild hypotelorism but no anosmia, and her brain CT was normal. She was of normal intelligence and stature. Other relatives did not have single central maxillary incisors, hypotelorism, or oral clefts. Whether the mother's anomaly was a new mutation or had been inherited is unknown. We show the significance of a single central maxillary incisor as an indicator or potential holoprosencephaly in the next generation, even if other relatives are apparently normal.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Relationship between plasma atrial natriuretic polypeptide concentration and hemodynamic measurements in children with congenital heart diseases.

The plasma alpha-atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-ANP) concentration in the peripheral veins of children with congenital heart diseases was measured by radioimmunoassay and compared with cardiac catheterization data. Every patient with heart failure had a higher alpha-ANP concentration (132.1 to 858.7 pg/mL) than the upper limit of the normal range (11.7 to 98.7 pg/mL), whereas more than half of the patients without heart failure had a normal alpha-ANP concentration. Although none of the 13 children with atrial septal defect had heart failure, their mean (+/- SD) plasma alpha-ANP concentration (99.4 +/- 40.7 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that in control children (44.6 +/- 22.3 pg/mL). The plasma alpha-ANP concentration was significantly correlated with the pulmonary blood flow/systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) ratio in the children with atrial septal defect. In the 34 children with ventricular septal defect the plasma alpha-ANP concentration increased in relation to increasing size of the defect. The plasma alpha-ANP concentration was significantly correlated with the Qp/Qs ratio, pulmonary artery pressure, and left atrial pressure, estimated from mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure, in the children with ventricular septal defect. In the children with tetralogy of Fallot, the mean plasma alpha-ANP concentration was normal, and mean right and left atrial pressures were not increased. The elevated alpha-ANP concentration in the three patients with heart failure decreased after their conditions improved with various treatments. Thus the measurement of alpha-ANP concentration may be valuable in evaluating the presence or absence of heart failure and the response to treatment in children with congenital heart diseases. Distention of the right and left atrial might induce the release of alpha-ANP in patients with atrial and ventricular septal defects, respectively.

Atrial Natriuretic Factor↗
PubMed1987

Adhesion of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae to cultured rat aortic endothelial cells. Role of bacterial neuraminidase in the induction of arteritis.

The adhesion of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) to the cultured confluent monolayer of rat aortic endothelial cells (EC) and the role of neuraminidase in the interaction between EC and E. rhusiopathiae were examined. One EC line was obtained by collagenase treatment of rat aorta. The EC showed a typical cobblestone appearance and possessed the factor VIII related antigen. When cultured more than two weeks after reaching confluence, the EC formed a vascular plexus-like appearance. E. rhusiopathiae began to adhere to EC within 2 minutes after the beginning of culture and adhered at a constant rate for 20 minutes. The adhesion of bacteria to EC was closely related to the release of sialic acid from the EC. Significantly more bacteria adhered to neuraminidase treated EC, and bacterial adhesion was inhibited dose-dependently by N-acetylneuraminic-lactose, which is the substrate of bacterial neuraminidase. It is concluded that bacterial neuraminidase plays an essential role in initiating the interaction between EC and E. rhusiopathiae, which would contribute to the genesis of arteritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Clorazepate therapy for intractable epilepsy.

Thirty-one epileptic patients with seizures refractory to conventional anticonvulsants were treated by adding clorazepate dipotassium to their regimen. Twelve cases showed improvement in seizure frequency, three of whom attained a seizure free state. Response to clorazepate was not related to the type of epilepsy, but patients with secondary generalized epilepsy tended to be less responsive than those with partial epilepsy. Among the various seizure types, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and simple partial seizures showed, although not significant, a tendency to be more responsive to clorazepate therapy than other seizure types, including complex partial seizures, atypical absence, atonic seizures, and tonic seizures. Drowsiness was the main adverse effect, of which 14 patients complained. Six patients were withdrawn from clorazepate because of drowsiness, but in the remaining 8 patients, this side effect disappeared within a week. The appearance of adverse effect was not related to the dose of clorazepate given. Clorazepate may be an effective secondary anticonvulsant in the treatment of intractable epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific immunoglobulin G.

A monoclonal mouse anti-human IgG was used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP)-specific IgG in human sera. This monoclonal antibody (HG2-25) binds to all subclasses of IgG but not to IgA, IgM, or IgE. For the assay, the DP antigen is coated firmly on polystyrene beads through physical adsorption and any leakable antigen is washed off. The assay gives satisfactory reproducibility and parallelism of the dilution curves. Using 0.1% human serum albumin as a substitute for the DP-specific IgG preabsorbed diluent gave extremely low backgrounds and high sensitivity. Horseradish peroxidase-labeled HG2-25 prepared with the optimum degree of conjugation and free of polymerized conjugates gave responses fairly proportional to the doses. This ELISA gives a satisfactory recovery and is not affected by nonspecific IgG levels in human sera.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of body position on later postural and functional lateralities of preterm infants.

The effects of body position during the neonatal period on subsequent functional and postural behaviours were examined in relatively low-risk preterm infants. 44 infants were nursed in the supine position and 37 in a prone position throughout their admission period. Persistent head-turning to the right was observed more often and continued longer in the infants lying in supine. Asymmetrical postures, e.g. of skull and trunk, were more often seen in infants lying in supine than in prone. The prone position was thought to help prevent infantile scoliosis. At nine months, preference for the right hand was more marked in infants lying in supine, whereas infants lying in prone used their hands bilaterally, a tendency that persisted at 18 months. Asymmetrical gait pattern with mild gait disturbance was found more often in infants lying in supine than in prone. The prone position was thought to prevent asymmetrical posture and excessive functional asymmetries.

Child Development↗
PubMed1987

Colony-stimulating factor and leukemia cell-growth factor produced by a murine endothelial cell line, MKM-O.

A murine cultured cell line (MKM-O) was established from a tumor of a BALB/C (nu/nu) mouse that had been subcutaneously inoculated with human hepatoma tissue fragments in the same location. The MKM-O cell line was proven to be of endothelial origin by morphological examinations and positive staining with fluorescein-labeled antibody against factor VIII antigen. MKM-O cells grown in vitro produced a colony-stimulating factor (CSF) and a leukemia cell-growth factor (LC-GF). CSF from MKM-O acted on both human and murine bone marrow-derived granulocytes and macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM). The activity of LC-GF on human leukemia cell lines (HL-60, HSB-2, CEM, DAUDI and K562) was demonstrated both in conditioned medium (CM) of MKM-O and of rat vascular endothelial cells. The CM of MKM-O also demonstrated a limited growth promoting activity against the mononuclear cells from human cord blood and improved their survival, suggesting that endothelial cells play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of blood cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Low burst promoting activity production by phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mononuclear cells of cord blood.

Burst-promoting activity (BPA) produced by phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated cord blood mononuclear cells (MNC) was examined using the two-stage cell culture assays. Burst-promoting activity was measured as the increase in the number of early erythroid progenitor cells in 2-day incubation of peripheral blood MNC with or without the conditioned medium of PHA-stimulated MNC (PHA-LCM). Burst-promoting activity in PHA-LCM of cord blood was significantly lower than that of adult blood (37 +/- 13 versus 105 +/- 19%, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01). No elevation of inhibitors to the erythroid colony growth was noted in PHA-LCM of cord blood. In contrary, the response of cord blood MNC to PHA was similar to that of adult blood MNC, as determined by colony-stimulating activity production and cell proliferation. These results showed that burst-promoting activity production by PHA-stimulated MNC of cord blood was lower than that of adult blood.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1987

Specific localization of tissue-type transglutaminase in adrenocorticotropin-producing cells of the human pituitary gland as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.

The distribution of transglutaminases, the Ca2+-dependent protein cross-linking enzymes, in the human pituitary gland was investigated by immunohistological methods using specific antibodies. Tissue-type transglutaminase was specifically localized in ACTH-producing cells, and the cells producing GH, PRL, TSH, FSH, and LH contained no appreciable amount of the enzyme. No detectable plasma-type transglutaminase (coagulation factor XIII) was found in pituitary tissue. In a previous study we demonstrated that ACTH-producing cells contain very little Ca2+-dependent proteinases (calpain), but a remarkable amount of their inhibitor, calpastatin. Pituitary gland cells producing hormones other than ACTH contained calpains, but no detectable calpastatin. These results collectively suggest that intracellular substrate proteins in ACTH-producing cells are protected from Ca2+-dependent degradation and are substrates for Ca2+-dependent cross-linking catalyzed by the tissue-type transglutaminase. In other pituitary gland cells, conversely, the intracellular substrate proteins are more likely to undergo Ca2+-dependent degradation than cross-linking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Failure to induce puberty in a man with X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism by pulsatile administration of low-dose gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

To elucidate the mechanism of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a patient with X-linked congenital adrenal hypoplasia, we studied the effects on serum LH and FSH of repeated iv administration of GnRH (400 micrograms, over 2 h, once a day, for 14 consecutive days), pulsatile sc administration of GnRH (5 micrograms every 90 min during days 1 approximately 56, 10 micrograms every 90 min during days 57 approximately 91) and an iv bolus injection of 10 mg of naloxone. The repeated administration of GnRH restored the hyporesponsiveness of serum FSH and increased serum testosterone level from less than 1.0 to 1.7 nmol/l, but the impaired LH response to the standard GnRH test was not improved. The pulsatile administration of GnRH for 91 consecutive days did not induce a clinical or a biochemical change of puberty. Serum testosterone remained undetectable less than 1.0 nmol/l, the hyporesponsiveness of serum LH was not improved, but basal FSH level was significantly increased and the impaired FSH response to the standard GnRH test was slightly improved. Naloxone had no effect on serum LH or FSH before or during the pulsatile administration. We conclude that hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in our patient is due to the pituitary dysfunction and that the endogenous opioid peptides may not play a role in the mechanism of inhibited gonadotropin secretions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Ontogeny of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart.

To elucidate the developmental changes of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart, we studied alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP)-like immunoreactivity (alpha-hANP-LI) in the extracts from the hearts of three foetuses of 10, 14 and 22 weeks' gestation, a 1-day-old premature infant of 33 weeks' gestation, and two adults, alpha-hANP-LI levels in the atria of the three foetuses of 10, 14 and 22 weeks' gestation and the premature infant (31.4, 12.2, 9.25 and 15.3 nmol/g, respectively) were comparable to those in two adult atria (16.9 and 13.6 nmol/g). The ventricles also contained alpha-hANP-LI (0.763----0.0818 nmol/g with descending values with increasing gestational age) in the three foetuses and the premature infant although it was undetectable (less than 0.0162 nmol/g) in two adult ventricles. The highest alpha-hANP-LI concentration was observed in the auricles in all the hearts except in the premature infant. The concentration in the right auricle was higher than in the left during foetal life, whereas that in the left was the higher one after birth. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay revealed that alpha-hANP-LI in the atria and apexes of the foetuses and the premature infant consisted of gamma-hANP, beta-hANP and alpha-hANP, with gamma-hANP being the predominant form. Essentially similar gel filtration patterns were observed in the two adult atria. These results indicate that: ANP appears in human heart tissue early in foetal life; cardiac ventricles also contain ANP in the foetus, and there is probably no difference in posttranslational processing of the precursor molecule in foetal and adult hearts.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Regulation of IgE receptor expression on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF), lectins and dexamethasone.

Using a monoclonal anti-human Fc epsilon R antibody (H107), we found that lymphocytosis promoting factor (LPF), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA-P) and Concanavalin A (Con A) could induce Fc epsilon R, detected by immunofluorescence study, on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes without IgE. The number of Fc epsilon R bearing lymphocytes was increased by stimulation with 3, 10 and 10 micrograms/ml of LPF, PHA-P and Con A, respectively, from 6.0 +/- 3.0/1000 cells to 26.0 +/- 7.9, 54.0 +/- 6.7 and 24.8 +/- 7.1/1000 cells, respectively. Although the induction of Fc epsilon R occurred neither in the separated T-enriched fraction (TEF) nor the T-depleted fraction (TDF), it recovered when the two fractions were mixed. The cell free supernatants from TEF stimulated with LPF or PHA-P could increase Fc epsilon R(+) cells in TDF, whereas those from TDF failed to increase them in TEF. The results suggest that the induction of Fc epsilon R occurs mainly on B lymphocytes by the soluble factor(s) formed by T cells stimulated with LPF or PHA-P. The induction of Fc epsilon R by stimulants was completely inhibited by 10(-6) M dexamethasone. It was demonstrated that the effects of dexamethasone on lymphocytes were dual: one was on B cells to inhibit responsive increases of Fc epsilon R, and the other was on T cells to suppress the formation of the soluble factor(s) which induced Fc epsilon R on B cells.

Dexamethasone↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical studies of flomoxef in the field of pediatrics].

Flomoxef (FMOX, 6315-S), a newly synthesized antibiotic which belongs to the oxacephem group, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 17 patients with ages ranging from 1 month to 9 year-8-month who had bacterial infections. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. A pharmacokinetic study following 20 mg/kg FMOX administration by intravenous bolus injection showed that the half-life of FMOX (beta phase) was 39.8 minutes and the urinary excretion of FMOX in the first 6 hours was 76.5%. 2. FMOX was administered to 3 patients with pneumonia, 8 patients with bronchopneumonia, 2 patients with tonsillitis, 2 patients with pyelonephritis, one patient each with cervical lymphadenitis, and pustulosis associated with severe varicella at daily dosage levels of 61.9 approximately 87.2 mg/kg, divided into 3 or 4 administrations by intravenous bolus injection or by 30 minutes drip infusion. The clinical results of these 17 patients were as follows; excellent: 14 patients, good: 2 patients, poor: 1 patient. The efficacy rate was 94.1%. 3. No clinical adverse reaction was observed in any of the 17 patients. Neutropenia, eosinophilia, a slight elevation of GPT and slight elevations of GOT & GPT were observed in 1, 1, 1, and 2 patients, respectively. No abnormality in coagulation system was observed in any of 10 evaluable patients. 4. MICs of FMOX against 13 strains isolated from patients were as follows. MIC against 2 out of 3 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 0.20 micrograms/ml and that of the remaining 1 strain was 0.39 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical evaluation of cefuzonam in children].

Cefuzonam (L-105, CZON), a new parenteral cephalosporin, was evaluated for its efficacy and safety in 22 children with bacterial infections (Table 1). The results obtained are summarized below. MICs of CZON to 26 strains of isolated organisms are shown in Table 2. MICs to all 14 strains of Haemophilus influenzae and 6 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were less than 0.05 microgram/ml. The MIC to 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus was 0.39 microgram/ml and that to another was 0.78 microgram/ml. Two strains of Escherichia coli showed MICs of less than 0.05 and 0.10 microgram/ml, respectively. The MIC to 1 strain of Enterococcus faecalis was 6.25 micrograms/ml. The CZON was administered in 3 or 4 divided doses at a daily dosage ranging from 58.5 to 85.7 mg/kg by 30-minute drip infusion or intravenous injection to 22 patients (9 cases of pneumonia, 9 cases of tonsillitis, 2 cases of bronchitis, 1 case each of suppurative parotitis and acute pyelonephritis) and the following clinical results were obtained; excellent: 12 cases; good: 7 cases; fair: 3 cases. The overall efficacy rate was 86% (Table 4). Diarrhea was observed in four patients, and was resolved with or without discontinuation of the medication within a week. Anemia was noted in 2 cases. Leucopenia and neutropenia was observed in 1 case. There were a moderate rises in S-GOT and S-GPT activities in 1 patient (Table 4), and they necessitated the cessation of the CZON therapy. The S-GOT and S-GPT activities became normal after the drug treatment was stopped.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗