Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Meyer.
Subcutaneous administration of a Salmonella typhimurium bacterin, given twice in an interval of two weeks, protected calves against the oral infection with a Salmonella wild strain.
Anticoccidial agents are obligatory feed additives during several rearing periods of poultry. The success of an oral immunization of young chicken with Salmonella live vaccines depends on the insensitivity of the vaccine strain against such anticoccidial agents because the vaccination success depends on the survival of the vaccine strain in the gut of the chick and the temporary colonization of lymphatic tissue. We investigated the in vitro sensitivity of the vaccine strain in the S. typhimurium live vaccine "Zoosaloral H" registered for the vaccination of poultry in Germany in connection with often used anticoccidial agents (Diclazuril, Monensin, Narasin and Salinomycin). No differences in growth and survival between the samples containing and lacking anticoccidial agents were found even by using double amounts of the permitted concentration of the anticoccidial agents. No negative effects of the tested anticoccidial agents on Salmonella being used as oral live vaccines in poultry should be expected.
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X-linked hydrocephalus and the X-linked MASA syndrome (Mental retardation. Adducted thumbs, Shuffling gait and Aphasia) both have a variable clinical spectrum with great overlap. Data from DNA linkage analysis placed the locus for both conditions at Xq28. On clinical and molecular grounds it has been hypothesized that both MASA syndrome and X-linked hydrocephalus are caused by a mutation in the same gene at Xq28. There is no significant clinical marker in the obligate female carriers and prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound is not reliable; DNA analysis can offer an improved genetic counseling for the families and more reliable prenatal diagnosis. In the gene encoding for Ll, a neural cell adhesion molecule and located at Xq28, several different mutations have been reported in X-linked hydrocephalus families and in a MASA family. We report data on DNA linkage analysis in 6 families with X-linked hydrocephalus/MASA syndrome. These data illustrate the importance of DNA linkage analysis in the individual family; they also show, however, the problem of studying small families. Genetic heterogeneity cannot be excluded.
This paper describes a procedure for lengthening the first metacarpal bone in hypoplasia of the thumb by microvascular transplantation of the distal part of metatarsal bone with its epiphysis. This method is a promising alternative to pollicization of the index finger.
The immunization of broiler breeder birds with Salmonella typhimurium live or inactivated vaccines (orally and/or parenterally administered) resulted in a considerable antibody response. Maternally produced antibodies were transferred via egg to the progeny. But the transferred antibodies did not increase considerably the resistance of 1 day old chickens to oral Salmonella typhimurium infection. The results of the oral challenge of the broiler breeder birds showed the protective effect induced by the oral immunisation with the Salmonella live vaccine strain. This protection is expressed by a reduced number of salmonella organisms in the caeca and internal organs.
Samples of liver tissue from sheep (n = 231), which were send to the Institute on Animal Nutrition, School of Veterinary Sciences Hannover, were analyzed for copper; the results were evaluated in reference to animal's age and race. In tissue of young sheep (up to 4 weeks) the copper concentration was about 250 (56-770) mg/kg dry matter (DM); values < 120 as well as > 300 mg/kg DM were observed in few cases only. From 198 data of adult sheep 28% suggested a copper deficiency (< 50 mg/kg DM), while 21% were the result (> 500 mg/kg DM) of a critically elevated copper intake. Sheep of the typical heath race presented the main part of those affected by copper deficiency; the races merino and Texel dominated in the group with elevated copper concentrations in liver tissue.
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A new form of correction of hypoplasia of the thumb is presented in a case of grade 3 thumb hypoplasia. The distal half of the second metatarsal together with its epiphyseal plate was used to lengthen the first metacarpal bone and improve thumb function. This method represents a promising alternative to pollicization in this type of thumb hypoplasia.
Five fetuses with congenital cataracts diagnosed in utero by ultrasound are reported. The fetuses, who were between 14 and 27 weeks' gestation, also had other severe malformations. The sonographic features of the cataracts are presented.
We report the use of a recently developed stentless porcine valve in a 2-year-old child with truncus arteriosus communis (type I). The child had received no previous surgical palliation. Despite a markedly increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance the right ventricle was connected to the pulmonary artery with a homograft. The postoperative course was complicated at first by right ventricular failure due to pulmonary hypertension and secondarily by left ventricular failure caused by rapidly increasing truncal valve incompetence. Because we did not have a suitable homograft at hand we replaced the truncal valve with a stentless porcine xenograft valve.
A dot blot assay using five different digoxigenin-labeled probes was established for specific detection and differentiation of four species belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus. As little as 20 pg orthopoxvirus DNA can be detected, corresponding to approximately 8 x 10(4) DNA molecules. A total of 37 orthopoxvirus strains and isolates of different origin were investigated and could be assigned to the species vaccinia, cowpox, camelpox, and mousepox virus. These findings agree with their identification by biological means. Additionally, a simple procedure to isolate orthopoxvirus DNA directly from scab material was developed. This allows a fast classification without isolating the virus.
1. It has been demonstrated that it was possible, under the conditions of the former GDR (East Germany), to decisively decrease the occurrence of Salmonella in livestock by means of the consequent combination of a good management including hygienic measures and of immunoprophylactic measures. This is one of the most important conditions for reducing the risk of food poisoning in man. 2. If using Salmonella live vaccines, cross immunity can be put to use. 3. Amount and duration of Salmonella shedding by calves can be decreased using orally administered live vaccines. 4. The immunogenicity of the S. typhimurium mutant serving as vaccine strain for Zoosaloral "Dessau" was retained after its 60-MDa plasmid had been deleted.
With the increasing prevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the possibility of a transmission of HIV via allogenic transplants has increased. To assess the risk of transferring HIV with allogenic cartilage grafts we investigated the susceptibility of chondrocytes to the virus. Our results indicate the absence of the HIV receptor (CD-4-molecule) on chondrocytes by immunohistochemistry and FACS analyses. Furthermore cultures from chondrocytes and high doses of HIV-1 did not show an active replication. Hence, we conclude that normal cartilage cells cannot be infected by HIV. This means that the risk of HIV transmission by cartilage allografts is very low if no contaminating tissues like blood, perichondrium and calcifications etc. are present.
A gene was identified in camelpox virus strain CP-1 that is similar to the 160K gene of cowpox virus strain Brighton (BR) that encodes the A-type inclusion body protein (ATIP). The CP-1 gene was mapped, sequenced, and the presence of the ATIP-specific mRNA was demonstrated. The open reading frame [2178 nucleotides (nt)] was found at a similar position in the CP genome as the one reported for the cowpox virus 160K ATI gene. DNA sequence comparison revealed a deletion of two adjacent adenine residues relative to cowpox virus BR, generating a reading frame shift accompanied by the formation of a translational stop codon. An identical deletion has been described for vaccinia virus strain Western Reserve. The DNA sequence of the corresponding region of monkeypox virus strain Copenhagen revealed a deletion leading to a putative stop codon 75 nt upstream of the same stop codons in the camelpox and vaccinia virus genes. These findings are consistent with the expression of truncated ATIPs, of 94K in vaccinia and camelpox viruses and of 92K in monkeypox virus. In addition, a deletion of 789 bp could be localized downstream of the ATI open reading frame in camelpox virus isolates of different origin. This causes the transcription of a shortened ATI-specific mRNA (3.7 kb) relative to vaccinia and cowpox viruses (both 4.5 kb). The similarity observed in ATIP-encoding and flanking sequences might suggest that vaccinia and camelpox viruses are descended from a common ancestor.
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At the end of the year 1941 a department for severely handicapped children, called "Specialized children's department" was established in the state mental hospital at Lüneburg. Until 1945 695 children were admitted there, 418 of them did not survive. The majority of those children were killed--mostly by means of high dosages of barbiturate. In this article the formation of the department, the origins of the approach, the explanations of the persons involved and the experiences of the affected parents are described.