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Biomedical subjects

H Melchior

Publications and source records attributed to H Melchior.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial on treatment of frequency, urgency and incontinence related to detrusor hyperactivity: oxybutynin versus propantheline versus placebo.

Clinical efficacy and adverse effects of oxybutynin and propantheline in the treatment of symptoms related to detrusor hyperactivity were studied in a randomized, controlled, double-blind multicenter trial. Of 169 patients entered into the study 154 were evaluable for statistical analysis. Mean grade of improvement (visual analogue scale) was significantly higher with oxybutynin (58.2%) versus propantheline (44.7%) and placebo (43.4%). Mean bladder volume at first involuntary cystometric contraction was significantly increased with oxybutynin (+57.0 ml.) versus placebo (-9.7 ml.). Mean maximum cystometric bladder capacity was also significantly increased with oxybutynin (+80.1 ml.) versus placebo (+22.5 ml.). Rate of inquired possible adverse effects was significantly higher for oxybutynin (63%) versus propantheline (44%) and placebo (33%). However, only 5 patients dropped out of the study because of adverse effects (oxybutynin 2 and propantheline 3). No serious or lasting adverse effects were encountered with dryness of the mouth being the major complaint. Oxybutynin has statistically significant effects on subjective symptoms and objective urodynamic parameters in patients with detrusor hyperactivity compared to propantheline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Disorders of bladder function in Parkinson syndrome].

Urodynamic evaluation was performed in 18 patients with clinically manifest Parkinson syndrome and symptomatic bladder dysfunction. Detrusor hyperreflexia was diagnosed in 10 patients (56%), 9 of whom were incontinent. A bladder outlet obstruction was found in 5 of these 9 incontinent patients. In 8 out of the 18 Parkinson patients (44%), urodynamic assessment revealed a significant bladder outlet obstruction due to a non-contractile detrusor, with large volumes of residual urine. On the basis of our results, we conclude that bladder outlet obstruction, particularly in male patients, should be relieved early, even in patients with a small prostate adenoma or sphincter sclerosis, before secondary bladder dysfunction occurs.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[Urinary retention in herpes zoster].

We report on 4 cases of transient neurogenic dysfunction of the urinary bladder caused by herpes zoster. All patients noticed a slow urinary stream leading to complete urinary retention and loss of sensation following the vesicular stage of herpes zoster, necessitating the insertion of a suprapubic tube. Urodynamic evaluations revealed a detrusor acontractility, cystoscopic findings included a unilateral cystitis. Symptoms and residual urine spontaneously disappeared after 2 to 3 weeks. The cause is a sacral meningo-radiculitis with herpes zoster virus leading to a transient neuromotoric paralysis of the urinary bladder.

Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1977

Dynamic activity of bladder neck and external sphincter in ejaculation.

The bladder neck shows a typical electromyographic pattern in ejaculation. It consists of periods of heightened activity rhythmically alternating with intervals of reduced activity signifying muscular contraction and relaxation. This behavior of the bladder neck is confined to its ventral part. Concurrently, the external sphincter shows a short period of increased activity before the typical rhythmical pattern which corresponds to that of the ventral bladder neck.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Vesicourethral continuity in bladder neck activity.

Electromyographic study of the bladder neck during vesical filling and emptying was performed in anesthetized dogs. Increased electrical potentials denoting active contraction of bladder neck were obtained on vesical filling. The bladder was then completely divided just above the vesical orifice, and the resulting apertures were closed to form two separate compartments. Still increased electrical potentials of bladder neck were recorded on filling the proximal compartment. We conclude that vesical neck activities are not directly dependent on the detrusor or on any anatomic continuity between bladder and urethral muscles.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Bladder outlet obstructions: the value of urodynamics (author's transl)].

The uroflowmetry has value (1) as a screening procedure in bladder outlet diseases, and (2) in assessing results of treatment. The results of measurement depend: (1) on the circumstances of micturition; (2) on the bladder volume, and (3) on how far the patient is cooperative. The interpretation of measurements must be related not only to maximum flow and micturition time, but also to a specific micturition pattern. As an isolated method the uroflowmetry has limitations. The value of this procedure may increase by pressure measurements during micturition. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting a resistance factor. Extensive information is presented by simultaneous cine-pressure-flow measurement. Additional urodynamic procedures, especially the urethra pressure profile, are of no value in bladder outlet obstructions.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Renal function after ligation of the left renal vein.

In animal experiments the ligation of the left renal vein after nephrectomy on the right side and the ligation of the suprarenal inferior vena cava is explored by four different methods. Degree and length of postoperative renal dysfunction depend on the preliminary ligation or the narrowing of the suprarenal inferior vena cava. The period of adaptation is correlated to the development of a collateral circulation of the left renal vein.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Urogenitodynamics of the male bladder neck. 1. During continence.

The dynamic behavior of the male bladder neck during urinary continence was studied by electromyography in dogs and rabbits. On vesical filling, increased electrical activity in the form of biphasic potentials was recorded from the anterolateral segment of the bladder neck. These biphasic potentials became more frequent and higher in voltage with further filling of the bladder. Concurrently, the posterior segment showed no significant electromyographic changes. These findings indicate muscular contraction of only the anterolateral part of the bladder neck during vesical filling. We conclude that the sphincteric function of the bladder neck during urinary continence is achieved by the active muscular contraction of its anterolateral segment. We postulate that the posterior segment is mainly concerned with the genital function of the bladder neck.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Urogenitodynamics of the male bladder neck. 2. During voiding.

The dynamic activity of the male bladder neck during voiding was studied by electromyography in dogs and rabbits. On vesical filling, increased electrical activity in the form of high voltage biphasic potentials was recorded from the anterolateral segment of the bladder neck. With the onset of voiding these high voltage potentials disappeared completely and only a low voltage base line activity was recorded. This indicates muscular relaxation of the anterolateral bladder neck. Concurrently, the posterior segment of the bladder neck showed insignificant electromyographic changes. We conclude that opening of the vesical outlet during voiding is achieved by the muscular relaxation of its anterolateral segment. The dynamic activity of the bladder neck is reciprocally coordinated with the detrusor muscle to produce continence and voiding of urine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function.

The terminology of lower urinary tract function will be standardized by the ICS. This report contains the recommendations dealing with urinary incontinence, procedures related to the evaluation of urine storage (cystometry, urethral closure pressure profile) and units of measurement.

Compliance↗
PubMed1975

Urodynamics.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1975

Tubular cystourethroneostomy after total prostatectomy.

After radical prostatectomy cystourethroneostomy is done as a tubular cystourethroplasty. In the last 13 months 14 patients have been operated on in this manner. In 12 patients continence was achieved; 2 patients had a temporary stress incontinence. The stress incontinence could be treated successfully by temporary electrostimulation of the pelvic floor by an anal plug stimulator.

Humans↗