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Biomedical subjects

H Mehnert

Publications and source records attributed to H Mehnert.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Investigation of conjunctival vessels in diabetics with and without retinopathy by means of a microcirculation-index.

We were unable to trace an unmistakable correlation between changes on the fundus of the eye and changes on the conjunctiva neither by taking the sum of single findings at the bulbar conjunctiva nor by using a respective index. I.e. the findings of the bulbar conjunctiva are not correlative neither to the stages of diabetic retinopathy nor the duration of diabetes. Clinical experiences make us suppose that the vessels of the fundus of the eye are closely connected to the circulation of the cerebral flow whereas the changes of the conjunctival vascular bed may possibly correlate in a better way with the peripheral vessels. The present results show that the majority of the patients with a high index at the bulbar conjunctiva suffer from peripheral occlusive disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Parenteral application of maltose in diabetic patients and controls].

Maltose (10% solution) was infused continuously over 2 h (0,25 g/kg BW/h) in maturity onset diabetics (n=9) and in non-diabetic patients (n=9) serving as controls. During and after infusion changes of parameters measured (blood glucose, IRI, FFA, lactate, pyruvate, uric acid, acid-base status, ketone bodies) were minimal. A significant rise in blood-glucose was observed only in non-diabetics. Serum maltose concentrations increased continuously up to 150 mg/100 ml during infusion and were nearly identical in both groups. Post infusion serum maltose decreased slowing during 7h and urinary maltose excretion was found for 18 h. During the first 3 h controls excreted 4% of infused maltose (1.3% as maltose and 2.7% as glucose). In diabetics excretion of carbohydrates was higher and more variable: 14(1.1-35.9) %. The slight metabolic changes, especially in diabetics and the possibility of supplying more calories are favorable effects of parenteral maltose. However slow elimination and increasing urinary losses depending on dosage and conditions of i.v. maltose application account for the limited utilization of the disaccharide in men. Unless further investigations will have been done maltose cannot be recommended as a sole substitute for carbohydrate in parenteral nutrition.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

On gluconeogenesis of human liver. Accelerated hepatic glucose formation induced by increased precursor supply.

In 8 subjects in whom portal vein catheters had been inserted 5-6 days previously during cholecystectomy, arterial and portal concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, alanine, free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate revealed no significant differences. This provided the basis for the calculation of hepatic balances from arterio-hepatic venous substrate-differences in 17 healthy volunteers. In eight of them metabolic balances were determined during elevated hepatic lactate supply. Kinetics of the substrates throughout the whole test period in 9 controls showed no gross interference from the catheterization or infusion procedure. The elevated hepatic lactate concentration caused a doubling of hepatic glucose output, which could almost entirely be accounted for by a fivefold increase of hepatic lactate uptake. This acceleration of hepatic gluconeogenesis was accompanied by a significant increment of hepatic free fatty acid uptake, whereas hepatic ketone body production did not change. These data seem to support the view that hepatic energy requirements caused by an accelerated gluconeogenesis might be covered from enhanced free fatty acid oxidation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A variation in the vertical osteotomy of the rami for correction of retrognathism: preliminary report.

A new method for the surgical correction of mandibular retrognathism is proposed. With this method, the ascending ramus is osteotomized vertically from an extra-oral incision. The condylar segment is then inserted in a step, which has been cut in the mandibular segment, so that the mandible is fixed in its new advanced position. This step-like support of the segments obviates the tendency to relapse. This surgical procedure is a modification of the technique for vertical osteotomy of the ascending ramus described by Robinson (1957) for the correction of retrognathism.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

TNM-classification of carcinomas of the oral cavity-efficacy of clinically available data (TN).

Using adequate number of cases, the influence of the spread of primary tumour and the degree of regional metastasis on prognosis were investigated. Assuming a practicable classification as a prerequisite for clinico-therapeutic cancer research, experience has shown that the assessment of the spread of primary tumour alone does not suffice for the establishment of comparable homogenous data. The investigation on the importance of the degree of regional metastasis has shown, above all, that the percentage of N3-metastasis within the T-groups contributes essentially to the fact that these show a marked difference in their prognosis. It would therefore appear necessary also to examine the importance of other clinically accessible data in the assessment of prognosis. Only then could we be in a position to judge whether, and to what extent a clinically practicable classification and integration into special groups is possible on the basis of clinically available data. The inclusion of more clinics in the joint investigation is encouraged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Questioning of diabetic patients on their knowledge of nutrition and dietetics as well as on their smoking habits].

100 diabetics were asked questions referring to the knowledge of nutrition to smoking habits. Most of the diabetics controlled their body weight regularly and were convinced that overweight may be dangerous to health. Despite this knowledge, more than half of the patients were overweight and did not know their individual ideal weight. Between the quality of dietary consultation and dietary behaviour of the patients a similar discrepancy existed: More than half of the questioned persons - especially males - had to be regarded as dietary failures. Patients with relatively low educational level came off worse. Fortunately, most of the patients were non-smokers. However, the dietary consultation practised at the moment seemed to have had no influence on the number of smokers. Consequently, for the training of the patients the following results: More than ever, the patients must be incited to normalize their body weight and they must be positively motivated in this regard as well as with regard to nicotine abuse. Behaviour therapy would certainly be desirable. Moreover, the patients should have a dietary consultation at least every second year. A dietary filled in for the patient personally must serve as the basis for the observance of the diet. Persons in whom diabetes mellitus was diagnosticated should receive consultation more quickly than up to now. Moreover, it would be useful to free the diet from the odium of an annoying and unimportant supplementation to medicamentous diabetes therapy. The study showed that continuous self-control of the own educational work is indispensable to guarantee a high standard of therapeutic efforts.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[TNM-classification of oral cavity neoplasms the value of clinically measurable factors (TN)].

Problems associated with the classification of cavum oris and labial carcinomata were discussed with particular reference to patients admitted to and treated in seven different clinical hospitals where identical methods of diagnosis and case history evaluation had been used. Using electronic data processing and biostatistical methods it was possible to study the effects of two clinically detectable factors (growth of primary tumor and degree of regional metastasizing) on both the prognosis and classification according to UICC rules. It was possible to show that a determination of the size of primary tumor (T) alone was not sufficient for three homogeneous, prognostically different collectives of tumors to be satisfactorily classified by the new UICC rules. It has been shown that a classification of three collectives of tumors (new classification according to UICC rules), especially as regards the proportion of N3 metastases within the collectives of tumors, was made possible. Therefore, it will be necessary to study the prognostic influences of additional clinically determinable factors with a view to arriving at a useful and practicable classification of oral cavity carcinomata.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

[Sugar substitutes in the diabetic diet].

The decreased glucsoe utilization in diabetes mellitus justifies the use of sugar substitutes ("diabetic sugar") if two conditions are fulfilled: 1)The sugar substitute should be a carbohydrate which does not lead, or only to a slight degree, to hyperglycaemia and thus, in this respect, differs distinctly from sugars such as glucose and saccharose. 2) The sugar substitute must not cause undesired side-effects. The absorption, utilization and side-effects of the sugar substitutes fructose, sorbitol and xylitol were investigated. They were found to be more slowly absorbed than glucose and thus to offer the advantage of better utilization under conditions of limited insulin production. However, the particularly slow passive absorption of sorbitol and xylitol can sometimes be a disadvantage, since osmotic diarrhoea may occur after administration of high oral doses. The sugar substitutes enter the metabolism enzymatically and are utilized mainly in the liver. The peripheral state was investigated after intravenous, intraduodenal and oral administration of glucose and fructose to healthy subjects. Liver metabolism was examined (Dietze) by comparing hepatic venous and arterial concentrations after intravenous administration of the sugars. Also, diabetic patients received glucose and fructose orally. As previously demonstrated, the investigations using several techniques showed a smaller influence on blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations after administration of fructose, sorbitol and xylitol than after glucose. If no metabolic changes occur after intravenous administration of high doses, no such changes need be expected after oral administration of small doses. Nor did measurements in hepatic venous blood (Dietze) show any marked effect of fructose on the blood glucose level. The healthy subjects showed no significant changes in blood glucose or serum insulin concentration after either intraduodenal or oral administration of fructose, whereas they showed a considerable increase after glucose administration. Investigations in adult-type diabetics revealed a better utilization of fructose than glucose. With correct dosage, sugar substitutes are able to increase the carbohydrate tolerance and, under certain conditions, to achieve a relative stabilization of the metabolism of unstable diabetics. The antiketogenic activity of sugar substitutes is particularly pronounced. Side-effects such as high blood levels of urea, lactate, triglycerides and bilirubin or a decrease in hepatic adenin nucleotides do not occur after oral administration, nor are they of importance after intravenous administration with correct dosage. The osmotic diarrhoea occurring after intake of sorbitol or xylitol is caused by their slow absorption and limits the consumption of these sugar substitutes. In the often obese adult-type diabetics, the calorie intake inherent in the consumption of diabetic sugars may have an unfavourable influence on their weight...

Adult↗