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Biomedical subjects

H Mauch

Publications and source records attributed to H Mauch.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a dual-antigen ELISA test for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.

Two antigen preparations from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis, respectively, were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantitate the level of IgG antibodies in samples of 169 sera obtained in India from 75 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and from 94 controls. The results of the two ELISA tests were integrated using defined criteria. All the controls were correctly classified by this dual-ELISA approach and only two patients were categorized as false negatives. The method has a specificity of 1.00 and a sensitivity of 0.974, while the gain in the certainty of diagnosis was 1.974, only slightly less than the ideal value of 2.00.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Transitory oligoclonal paraproteinemia with virus infection and malignant lymphatic disease].

Oligoclonal paraproteinaemia occurred in two patients with malignant lymphocytic disease (highly malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma, B-cell type of acute lymphocytic leukaemia), in one case during a cytomegalovirus infection and in the other during an infectious mononucleosis. At that time both patients were in complete remission. Paraproteinaemia in the first case disappeared within a year where the transformation from an initially four-banded paraproteinaemia (2 IgM-lambda and 2 IgG-lambda) into a three-banded paraproteinaemia (IgG-lambda) could be observed. In the second patient the concentration of the paraprotein decreased considerably. Because both patients were no longer under cytostatic treatment after manifestation of the paraproteinaemia, and were in complete remission during the whole of the observation period (4 years and 1 year), a direct relationship with the primary disease is unlikely. The transitory paraproteinaemia appears to be rather the result of an acquired defect of the immune system.

Agammaglobulinemia↗
PubMed1984

Influence of subclass-specific anti-idiotypic antibodies on the kinetics of the immune response to BCG.

The role of anti-idiotypic subclass-specific antibodies was analysed in the regulation of the immune response to BCG in the guinea-pig. The idiotypes to BCG were separated into subclasses and anti-idiotypes were carried out by immunizing with the purified IgG1 and IgG2 anti-idiotypes. The in vivo T cell response was recorded by tuberculin skin testing, and the in vitro response by lymphocyte stimulation testing with tuberculin. A suppressive effect was detected in cases where the animals were preimmunized with anti-idiotypic IgG2 against anti-BCG IgG1. In the B cell response, the anti-BCG IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses were also quantified by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. There were 10 times more IgG2 antibodies than IgG1 against BCG in the guinea-pig, and this major idiotypic subclass was suppressed by the IgG2 anti-idiotype raised against anti-BCG IgG2. The minor component anti-BCG IgG1 was slightly stimulated by both IgG2 anti-idiotypes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Diagnostic value of monitoring kinetics of antibody responses in candidiasis by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was used to monitor antibody binding to cytoplasmic antigens of Candida albicans in sera from patients with superficial or deep-seated candidiasis over extended observation periods. Healthy persons showed a constant level of Candida antibodies. Patients with superficial candidiasis or colonization generally had a slow, but significant rise; patients with presumptive and proven systemic candidiasis, however, developed rapid rises (up to forty-fold) of antibody levels within a few days. This method permitted the kinetics of antibody response to be followed and, thus, appeared to aid in the differentiation among the various forms of candidiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Mycobacterial antibodies after tuberculin testing, BCG- vaccination, BCG-immunotherapy and against cross-reacting antigens in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay.

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) was used to investigate several factors influencing false positive and negative results in serodiagnostic test for tuberculosis, Unheated cytoplasmic fractions of mycobacteria, and other microorganisms were bound to polystyrol and antibody binding of sera from tuberculous, non tuberculous hospitalized patients and healthy adults was tested by the SPRIA-method. The level of antibody concentration in the SPRIA reflects roughly cross-reactivity between the antigens. Similar antibody binding occurred with M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. ulcerans and several "atyical" mycobacteria as test antigens, while other mycobacterial species and one of two tested tuberculin preparation (PPD) showed less antibody binding capacity. Significant cross-reactivity of fourty to sixty per cent was found between M. tuberculosis and N. asteroides but no cross-reaction was observed with C. parvum, S. typhi, S. paratyphi, C. Albicans or Aspergillus niger. Heating of mycobacterial cytoplasmic antigen resulted in a decrease of the test specifity. Tuberculin testing and intracutaneous BCG-vaccination in healthy adults had no distinct influence on the antibody response against several mycobacterial test antigens. However, a rapid increase of antibody levels was documented in melanoma patients after BCG-immunotherapy by sacrification with a more concentrated vaccine.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1982

Analysis of the soluble cytoplasmic components of Mycobacteria and Nocardia by crossed immunoelectrofocusing.

Soluble cytoplasmic components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H 37 Ra, and Washington II, Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG and Nocardia asteroides were analysed by isoelectric focusing, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrofocusing. Using con A-affinity chromatography con A-reactive polysaccharides could be separated from the cytoplasmic fraction which improved the focusing effect. The isoelectric focusing patterns of the various mycobacterial strains were similar, however, concentration differences of the respective components might occur. N. asteroides had a different pattern. By crossed immunoelectrofocusing it was shown that most of the bands of the focusing pattern had antigenic character. Con A-reactive polysaccharides were located near to the cathode, and the con A-nonbound antigens occured close to the anode. Cross-reaction between mycobacteria and N. asteroides was remarkable. In crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis four line in N. asteroides antigens were identical with the highest peaks of M. bovis, strain BCG antigens.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1981

[IgD plasmocytoma: clinical and differential diagnostic features (author's transl)].

A 64-year-old man died of IgD plasmocytoma only two months after onset of first symptoms. The course of the disease was characterized by marked renal insufficiency, hypercalcaemia with cardiac arrhythmias and bone destruction, in addition to raised phosphate concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity. The electrophoresis diagram was unremarkable and had no M-peak. But immunoelectrophoretic analysis of serum demonstrated a IgD paraprotein; in addition there was a monoclonal light chain, type lambda. At post-mortem the diagnosis of plasmocytoma was made; in addition there was renal amyloidosis.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1981

Analysis of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for antibodies to cytoplasmic antigen fractions of Candida albicans.

An indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) in individual polystyrene microtiter cups has been adapted for measurement of antibody to various cytoplasmic and carbohydrate antigen fractions of Candida albicans. The assay was optimized for sensitivity, precision and linearization of serum dilution curves. The optimized procedure allows computerized measurement of anti-Candida antibodies and can be used for measurement of antibody over a wide concentration range. The procedure obviates variation due to changes in day-to-day counts as a result of isotope decay and end-point antibody dilutions. The assay has been used to demonstrate a Poisson-like distribution of antibody levels in the sera of persons showing no symptoms of candidiasis. The minimum antibody level detectable by the assay is about two orders of magnitude lower than the lowest level found in human serum and 4 orders of magnitude lower than the most sensitive test used hitherto, the hemagglutination test.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1980

Large-scale purification of IgM from human sera. Comparison of three optimized procedures utilizing protein A chromatography.

for the preparation of gram amounts of IgM from human sera sedimentation at 100,000 g or treatment with ZnSO4 of the redissolved "euglobulin"-precipitate was compared to direct precipitation from the clarified serum by boric acid. Three alternative large scale purification procedures were developed, leading to an IgM-sample characterized as pure by various criteria. Inclusion of protein A chromatography proved to enhance the yield very considerably.

Boric Acids↗
PubMed1980

A long-lasting enhancing effect of anti-tuberculin antiserum on delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in BCG-infected guinea pigs.

Anti-tuberculin serum and anti-BCG immunoglobulins from immunized guinea pigs were transferred into recipient guinea pigs which had been infected with BCG. An enhancement of tuberculin skin reactivity was observed 7 and 35 days after transfer of homologous antiserum in comparison to a control group. This indicates a modulating effect of humoral factors, presumably specific antibodies on the expression of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction after immunostimulation with BCG.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A simple and efficient method for preparation of immunoelectrophoretically pure guinea pig IgM and isolation of monospecific anti-IgM antibodies.

This report describes experimental conditions developed for the rapid and efficient preparation of guinea pig IgM in a purified form and in high yield. A combined immunization procedure had to be designed to obtain sufficiently high IgM concentrations in guinea pig serum. The isolation procedure includes precipitation at low pH, followed by sedimentation at 110,000 g and reverse flow gel chromatography on Sephades G-200. Furthermore,we describe in detail the isolation of relatively large amounts of pure and specific anti-guinea pig mu-chain antibodies by immunoaffinity chromatography.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Improved method for the cyanogen bromide activation of agarose beads.

The significant new feature of the procedure is the reaction control of the BrCN activation merely by the slow transit of BrCN from a dispersed organic phase to the aqueous phase containing agarose beads in concentrated buffer. The product thus obtained was applied in a model immunoaffinity chromatographic separation. Experimental conditions are given for the control of the degree of activation and of the multiplicity of attachment of the protein ligand, for optimizing the immunological reactivity of the immunosorbent and for minimizing leakage of covalently bound protein from the resin.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay to detect anti-tuberculin antibodies in the guinea pig.

Despite the importance of the guinea pig as a model test animal for studying the humoral immune response in comparison to the development of cellular immunity after BCG or tuberculosis infection, no precise and sensitive method for the determination of such antibodies is available. We developed an indirect solid-phase radioimmunoassay on microtiter plates for this purpose. All assay conditions have been optimized such as selection of suitable plastic material, use of carrier substances, concentrations and amount of the antigen as well as the serum and second antibody, buffer, incubation times and all steps of the procedures for coating, washing, and measuring. The assay gives a linear relationship between antibody concentration in the serum to be tested and binding of the radiolabelled second antibody. A comparison with four conventional antibody titration methods reveals a 128- to 512-fold higher sensitivity of the RIA. Favorable aspects of this RIA as opposed to the methods hitherto used are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of the macrolide clarithromycin in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-infected patients.

In a randomized double-blind study, nine mycobacteremic patients with AIDS-related disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection received clarithromycin or placebo in addition to a basic regimen that included isoniazid, ethambutol and clofazimine. All four patients receiving clarithromycin showed blood culture conversion and clinical response. Of the five patients treated without clarithromycin, two showed resolution of mycobacteremia and clinical response, while another two died without having shown response. The remaining patient deteriorated until a switch from placebo to clarithromycin led to blood culture conversion and rapid clinical improvement. After finishing six weeks of intensive treatment, clarithromycin was given in an open maintenance phase to all patients, initially in combination with rifabutin for 24 weeks and then alone. One patient had a relapse of MAC infection while receiving clarithromycin alone. The relapse was associated with acquired resistance to the drug. Clarithromycin appears to be a promising component of multi-drug therapy for patients with MAC infection. Monotherapy can lead to drug resistance.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗