Immunohistological studies on immunocompetent cells in palatine tonsil.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
H Matsuyama
Publications and source records attributed to H Matsuyama.
Changes in enzymatic and membrane-adsorbing activities of sphingomyelinase from Bacillus cereus by modification with a polyethylene glycol derivative.
Sphingomyelinase (SMPLC) from Bacillus cereus was modified with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivative, methoxypolyethylene glycol-succinimidyl succinate (ss-PEG). The molecular weight of the ss-PEG-modified SMPLC was calculated to be approx. 150 kDa by gel-filtration whereas that of the native enzyme, was 25 kDa. By this modification, the enzyme increased its thermostability and retained its hydrolytic activity toward 2-(N-hexadecanoylamino)-4-nitrophenylphosphocholine (HNP) and sphingomyelin (SM) in the mixed micelles with the surfactants such as Triton X-100 and sodium deoxycholate (SDC). However, the activity toward liposomal SM was significantly decreased, and all the enzyme activities toward bovine erythrocytes, including membraneous SM-hydrolyzing and hemolytic activities as well as the enzyme adsorption onto the erythrocyte membranes, were completely lost.
Animals↗
Distribution of lymphoid cells in tonsillar compartments in relation to infection and age. A quantitative study using image analysis.
The distribution of lymphoid cells in the mantle zone, germinal center, interfollicular area, and subepithelial area of the tonsil was evaluated quantitatively by image analysis in 66 subjects aged 3 to 66 years. The number of Ig-positive cells in the tonsil decreased with advancing years in all compartments. This inverse correlation to age was statistically significant for IgD-, IgM-, and IgG-positive cells. For T-cells, overall change of each T-cell subset with age was smaller than those of Ig-positive cells. An age-related marked decline was seen for CD4-positive cells only in the subepithelial area and for CD8-positive cells only in the interfollicular area. Ki-67-positive cells, cells undergoing active division, were mainly found in the germinal centers and also diminished with advancing years. Patients with frequent episodes of tonsillitis demonstrated a significant increase of IgD-positive cells and IgG-positive cells in interfollicular and subepithelial compartments and a decrease of CD4-positive T-cells in the germinal centers and subepithelial areas. These results suggest that the tonsillar involution with age is immunologically associated in all compartments with the decrease of Ig-positive cells and Ki-67-positive activated cells resulting in a relative increase of T-cell subsets. The method of image analysis provides a novel and unique approach for quantitative immunohistological study of the tonsil.
Adolescent↗
[Spontaneous peripelvic extravasation after the operation of rectal cancer, treated by indwelling the ureteral stent: report of three cases].
Three cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation after the operation of rectal cancer are reported. In case 1, a 65-year-old female complained of left flank pain one month after high-anterior resection for rectal cancer. Drip infusion pyelography (DIP) and retrograde pyelography (RP) showed extravasation from the left renal pelvis. The ureteral stent was indwelled, and the extravasation showed remission. In case 2, a 55-year-old female complained of left lumbago 6 months after Miles' operation for rectal cancer. DIP showed extravasation from the left renal pelvis. The same findings were confirmed on the repeated DIP after 10 days. The ureteral stent was indwelled, and the extravasation was cured. In case 3, a 69-year-old male complained of left flank pain and left abdominal tumor 10 months after Miles' operation for rectal cancer. DIP and RP showed extravasation from the right renal pelvis, and computed tomographic (CT) scan showed urinoma formation. Drainage of the urinoma was performed and the ureteral stent was indwelled. The urinoma and the extravasation was cured. We emphasized the usefulness of indwelling the ureteral stent for the conservative management of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation caused by a malignant tumor, and a discussion of the relevant literature follows.
Aged↗
Comparison of serological and chemical characteristics of capsular polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans serotype A and Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus.
The antigenic formula and chemical structure of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Cryptococcus albidus var. albidus (C. albidus) were studied in relation to those of C. neoformans var. neoformans serotype A (C. neoformans A). The results of slide agglutination tests with factor sera and reciprocal adsorption experiments showed that antigenic formula of C. albidus was the same as that of C. neoformans A. The soluble CPSs from the two species were obtained from culture supernatants by precipitation with ethanol followed by purification by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column. The structural analyses of such CPSs from the two species showed that the antigenic CPS fractions consisted of a backbone of alpha(1-3)-linked D-mannopyranosyl residues with a single branch of beta(1-2)-xylose or glucuronic acid, and mostly with O-acetyl groups, in which side chains and O-acetyl groups were responsible for antigenic specificity. It was found that there was a minor difference between the CPS of C. neoformans A and that of C. albidus; in the former, unsubstituted mannose residues existed in a low frequency, but in the latter none. Moreover, the 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of partially hydrolyzed acidic fragments of the two CPSs indicated that two xylose side chains were present between glucuronic acid side chains. Taken together, it was suggested that these two species of C. neoformans A and C. albidus are closely related to each other in their CPSs.
Animals↗
Phospholipase D modified with a polyethylene glycol derivative.
Phospholipase D from Streptomyces sp. AA586, PLDP, was modified with methoxypolyethylene glycol succinimidylsuccinate (ss-PEG), an active derivative of polyethylene glycol. By titration with trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS), approximately 70% of the free amino groups in the enzyme protein were shown to be modified by treatment with ss-PEG. By this modification, the molecular weight of the enzyme was increased, judging from the results of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration with Toyopearl HW-55F and TNBS titration. Due to loss of cationic charges, the enzyme protein became eluted faster in high performance liquid chromatography with CM-Toyopearl. By modification with ss-PEG, the enzyme became fairly thermostable, while pH-stability and optimal pH were not influenced. The value of Km for phosphatidylcholine of the hydrolytic reaction increased 2-fold, whereas that of the transphosphatidyl reaction was not significantly altered.
Enzyme Stability↗
[Angiographic analysis of intratumoral Pt concentration on intra-arterial infusion therapy for bladder cancer].
Eleven patients with advanced bladder cancers (T2-4) were treated by intra-arterial CDDP infusion therapy and intratumoral Pt concentrations were measured. The following results and suggestions were obtained by comparing the histological effects and intratumoral Pt conc. 1) By calculating cross section areas from diameter of blood vessels, the blood flow distributions of tumor feeding arteries were estimated. Based on this distributions, the distributed CDDP dosage flowed into the tumor feeding arteries was calculated. The distributed CDDP dosage of histologically effective group (N = 5, Grade IIb less than by Shimosato histological evaluation) were significantly higher than that of ineffective group (N = 6, Grade IIa greater than). (p less than 0.02, Student t test). 2) A good correlation was obtained between the revised intratumoral Pt value by distributed CDDP dosages and intervals from intra-arterial infusion therapies to operations. (r = -0.90, p less than 0.001). Intratumoral Pt conc. declined with a half life of 12 weeks. 3) Based on the declined linear line calculated from 2), theoretical intratumoral Pt conc. which was presumed value on day 0 (just after intra-arterial infusion therapy) were calculated. Theoretical Pt conc. of effective group were significantly higher than that of ineffective group (p less than 0.01), although no significant difference was seen between two groups compared by net intratumoral Pt conc. 4) A good correlation was seen between theoretical intratumoral Pt conc. and distributed CDDP dosage (r = 0.89, p less than 0.01). 5) Five of 6 cases with above 5 micrograms/g of theoretical intratumoral Pt conc. were histologically effective, and 5 micrograms/g of theoretical Pt conc. corresponded to 31 mg of distributed CDDP dosage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
[Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy using paraffin-embedded germ cell tumors].
The DNA content of paraffin-embedded materials was determined retrospectively using flow cytometry (FCM) in 36 germ cell tumors, and related to histological type, clinical staging and tumor marker. These histograms were classified from the basis of mode and variance into a diploid and an aneuploid pattern. We could evaluate the DNA histograms in 20 of 36 specimens (56%). Aneuploid patterns were found in 11 of 20 evaluated cases, but there was no correlation between ploidy patterns and histological types. Aneuploid patterns were demonstrated in 2 of 6 stage I cases (33%), and 4 of 5 stage II cases (80%) in seminomas. The difference between stage I and II cases was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between clinical staging and DNA content in non-seminomas. Of the seminomas with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) titers, 3 of 4 cases showed aneuploid patterns. These findings indicate that the determination of DNA ploidy in seminomas may prove to be of prognostic value.
Adult↗
[Clinical study of prostate cancer--statistical analysis in the last 10 years].
Fifty one cases of prostate cancer were treated at Yamaguchi University Hospital during 10 years since 1975. Age distribution was between 43 and 90 years old with an average of 70.9 years. Chief complaints were difficulty on micturition (33%), complete urinary retention (19.6%), macroscopic hematuria (15.7%), and frequency (13.7%). Clinical stage was classified as 1 case (2%) with stage A, 7 cases (13.7%) with stage B, 20 cases (39.2%) with stage C and 23 cases (45.1%) with stage D cancer. Histological grade was classified as 9 cases (17.6%) with well differentiated type of adenocarcinoma, 15 cases (29.4%) with moderately differentiated type and 27 cases (52.9%) with poorly differentiated type. The 5-year actual survival rate was 75% for stage A&B, 50% for stage C and 60% for stage D. The 10-year actual survival rate was 20% for stage A&B, 17% for stage C and 20.5% for stage D. There were no statistically significant differences between stage, grade and survival rate. According to specific cause 18 cases (58%) were cancer deaths including 8 cases (15.7%) of refractory disease, and 4 cases (12.9%) of cardiovascular complication. Five of the eight refractory cases could survive over one year by multimodal treatment. Local irradiation to prostate was most effective to control symptoms against locally refractory prostate cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Lack of success with a combination of alanine and phosphoenolpyruvate as an additive for liquid storage of red cells at 4 degrees C.
Red cells were stored at 4 degrees C in a storage solution containing alanine or alanine plus phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). The intention was to investigate whether alanine and PEP might act synergistically to maintain a normal level of both red cell ATP and 2.3 diphosphoglycerate (2.3 DPG) under normal liquid storage conditions. Storage in the presence of alanine kept the red cell concentration of 2.3 DPG higher than the reference solution for an extended period of time, provided the initial pH was about 7.0 (37 degrees C). When the pH of the storage solution containing alanine plus PEP was lowered to facilitate the transport of PEP into the red cells, the concentration of 2.3 DPG was lowered to a rate equal to that in the reference solution. The level of ATP was also about the same as in the reference solution. The majority of the added PEP was continuously converted to 2 phosphoglycerate and 3 phosphoglycerate in the extracellular fluid. A small amount of unconverted PEP penetrated the red cell membrane when the pH went below 6.5; this occurred after 3 weeks of storage. The intracellularly located PEP, however, was not metabolized to 2.3 DPG to any significant extent within the first 6 weeks of storage. These findings indicate that PEP is not suitable as an additive for liquid storage of red cells at 4 degrees C. The combination of alanine and PEP that theoretically could be a suitable additive for liquid storage of red cells was not satisfactory in practice.
Alanine↗
[Immunohistological study on human palatine tonsils in cases with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris--the quantitative study by image analyzer].
The purpose of this study was to clarify the mechanism of tonsillar focal infections such as pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP), especially the role of tonsil on it. In 88 cases of various tonsillar diseases, i.e., PPP, chronic tonsillitis, and sleep apnea syndrome, distribution of immunocompetent cells, i.e., B cells having various immunoglobulin isotypes (IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE, IgA1, and IgA2) on their surfaces and T cell subsets, helper/inducer (CD4+) T cell and suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8+) T cell were investigated immunohistologically using monoclonal antibodies and ABC method. The proportion of the immunocompetent cells in four anatomical sites in tonsil (germinal center, mantle zone, interfollicular area, and subepithelial area) were quantitatively studied by the image analyzer (CUE-2, Olympus, USA) and compared among various age groups and among three groups of tonsillar diseases. The difference of immunocompetent cells in tonsils between the effective group (showing marked improvement of skin lesions of PPP after tonsillectomy) and the not-effective group (showing no improvement of skin lesions after tonsillectomy) was also investigated. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Every type of Ig-positive cells in tonsils was decreased in proportion to age, especially the changes of IgG-, IgM-, and IgD-positive cells were inversely proportional to age with statistical significance. On the other hand, changes to T cell subsets with age were smaller in comparison with those of Ig-positive cells, especially the proportion of CD4-positive cells showed almost no changes in accordance with age. 2) Eighty percent of cases with PPP were classified into the effective group, whereas only 20% of them into the not-effective group. 3) IgG-, IgM-, and IgD-positive cells in tonsils of PPP were found to be significantly increased in the effective group compared to the not-effective group. In addition, in the effective group, CD4-positive cells were significantly increased in the interfollicular area and the subepithelial area of the tonsil. These results indicate that the image analysis will be a breakthrough in quantitative study on the immunohistology of the tonsil and give us useful informations in terms of the mechanism of tonsillar focal infections, i.e., immunological abnormalities in tonsils may play one of the important roles in the pathogenesis of PPP.
Adolescent↗
[A comparative study of UFT enteric-coated granules with UFT capsules on the occurrence of side effects in patients with head and neck cancers--a special attention to the upper gastrointestinal tract disorders].
A comparative study on the occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects between UFT enteric-coated granules (UE) and UFT capsules (UC) was made by crossover method in 50 patients with head and neck cancer who were treated by these drugs as a surgical and/or radiation adjuvant chemotherapy. UE was significantly low in the occurrence of upper gastrointestinal side effects; remarkably low in such side effects as nausea and vomiting, in particular. On the other hand, there was little difference between UE and UC in the occurrence of such side effects as diarrhea, stomatitis, dry mouth and hematotoxic signs. The present result suggests that UE is clinically useful for treating the patients with cancer, with less occurrence of gastrointestinal side effects.
Adult↗
Three cases of Wegener's granulomatosis treated with an antimicrobial agent.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, an antimicrobial agent, was used to treat three cases of cytotoxic agent-resistant Wegener's granulomatosis; one case was refractory to a regimen consisting of azathioprine and prednisolone, and in another two cases the therapy was insufficient to control the disease. By the introduction of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, which has an advantage of fewer side effects compared with the conventional agents, into the regimen, the disease condition was markedly improved in all cases within four months. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is thus considered as one of the most promising drugs to treat, especially, cytotoxic agent-resistant Wegener's granulomatosis. The possible underlying mechanism of the effect of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim is also described.
Adult↗
Phosphoenolpyruvate in the rejuvenation of stored red cells in SAGM medium: optimal conditions and the indirect effect of methemoglobin formation.
Red cells stored in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol (SAGM) medium were rejuvenated by incubation with phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) under conditions that can be achieved easily in ordinary blood banking. Regeneration of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) and adenine nucleotides of stored red cells was dependent on the pH of the incubation medium and the incubation time. In red cells stored for 3 and 5 weeks, the optimal pH and incubation time for regeneration of 2,3 DPG and adenine nucleotides were 5.8 and 90 minutes and 6.1 and 60 minutes, respectively. During the incubation of red cells with PEP, methemoglobin was formed; it increased when the medium pH was below 6.0 and the incubation time exceeded 60 minutes. We conclude that incubation at a medium pH of 6.1 for 60 minutes is optimal for the rejuvenation of stored red cells with PEP. Under such incubation conditions, the concentrations of 2,3 DPG and adenine nucleotides in red cells stored for 5 weeks were restored to normal without methemoglobin formation.
2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
[Immunohistological study on immunocompetent cells in palatine tonsil and pharyngeal tonsil--the quantitative study by image analyzer].
Distribution of various immunocompetent cells, i.e., IgG-, IgM-, IgA-, IgD-, IgE-, CD4-, and CD8-positive cells in palatine tonsils (tonsils) and pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) of same patients were investigated immunohistologically by using monoclonal antibodies. The proportion of Ig-positive cells and T cell subsets in both tonsils were quantitatively studied by the image analyzer (CUE-2, Olympus, USA). The results were summarized as follows: 1) There was no significant difference in proportions of Ig-positive cells and T cell subsets between tonsils and adenoids. 2) IgG- and IgD-positive cells in the tonsils were significantly increased in cases with recurrent tonsillitis than in those with simple tonsillar hypertrophy. 3) Number of IgA2-positive cells were significantly changed, i.e., decreased in the subepithelial area of tonsils and increased in the interfollicular area of adenoids in cases complicated with otitis media with effusion. 4) In cases complicated with nasal allergy, IgE-positive cells were significantly increased in the interfollicular area in both of those tonsils and adenoids. These results indicate that the image analyzer will be a breakthrough in quantitative study on the immunohistology of tonsils and adenoids and give us useful informations about roles of the tonsil and the adenoid on the local immunity of the upper respiratory airway.
Adenoids↗
[Prostate-specific antigen (PA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis in prostatic epithelial cells using flow cytometry].
We developed a new method to analyze simultaneously cellular prostate-specific antigen (PA) content and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content of each prostatic epithelial cell by using flow cytometry (FCM). We report the possibilities of this method and we analyzed firstly 8 samples from 6 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The content of cellular PA and DNA of prostatic epithelial cells can be analyzed simultaneously. The PA is synthesized only in the cells with a 2C DNA content (G0/1 cells) and not in the S- or G2M-phase cells. In the near future, by applying this analytical method to prostatic cancer samples we could obtain more interesting knowledge of the behavior of prostatic cancer.
Aged↗
[Study of flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/DNA analysis using human solid tumors].
In spite of the development of a staining principle and the method for simultaneous flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/DNA analysis, this technic was seldom used clinically, because, it can not be applied for the study of solid tumors. In this paper, we described a new method to overcome this problem by combining proteolytic enzyme digestion with previously reported immunofluorescent procedure. The difficulty of two-color analysis in solid tumors using previously reported method came from the non-specific staining of resulted cells which have Fc receptors on each cell surface and hence the gaps between S- and G1- or G2M-phase were unclear. By combining proteolytic enzyme digestion, the normal cell population can be excluded easily and the gaps between these phases be clearly distinguished, therefore the results obtained by this new method seemed to be more precise. This new method can be applied for solid tumor studies and the development for clinical application is expected.
Animals↗
[Flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/DNA analysis--study with urogenital tumors].
We performed the simultaneous flow cytometric bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/DNA analysis in combination with in vitro BrdU labeling method using seven human urogenital tumors. The DNA content and incorporated BrdU content of each tumor cell was analyzed quantitatively using this flow cytometric method. The cell kinetics of each cell line of heterogeneous tumor could be analyzed by this combined method. In the near future, by establishing a procedure decreasing non-specific staining of cells, the development of this flow cytometric two-color analysis in clinical fields is expected.
Aged↗