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Biomedical subjects

H Matsuda

Publications and source records attributed to H Matsuda.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Right ventricular ejection fraction in the preoperative risk evaluation of candidates for pulmonary resection.

The major determinants of postoperative morbidity and mortality after lung resection are the physiologic and functional statuses of the pulmonary and cardiac systems. In our previous study, serial measurements of right ventricular performance after pulmonary resection demonstrated significant right ventricular dysfunction in the postoperative period. This study evaluates the preoperative measurement of right ventricular ejection fraction as a predictor of postoperative complications. In addition to conventional cardiopulmonary functional tests, right ventricular function was assessed with a thermodilution technique at rest and during exercise in 18 patients before and 3 weeks after lobectomy or pneumonectomy. The patients were grouped according to severity of right ventricular functional defect: right ventricular ejection fraction of at least 45% (group Ia, n = 8), right ventricular ejection fraction less than 45% (group Ib, n = 10), exercise-induced increases in right ventricular ejection fraction (group IIa, n = 8), and exercise-induced decreases in right ventricular ejection fraction (group IIb, n = 10). Postoperative cardiopulmonary morbidity was recorded for two patients (25%) in group Ia, three patients (30%) in group Ib, no patients (0%) in group IIa, and five patients (50%) in group IIb. Postoperative hospital stay was 28.9 +/- 8.5 days in group Ia, 29.9 +/- 20.2 days in group Ib, 19.4 +/- 8.0 days in group IIa, and 37.5 +/- 15.9 days in group IIb (p < 0.05, group IIa vs group IIb). Although resection-induced changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 second did not differ significantly between group Ia and group Ib, these values appeared to be increased in groups IIa (not statistically significant) and IIb (significantly, p < 0.05). The measured postoperative values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and vital capacity were significantly higher than the predicted postoperative values (p < 0.05) in group IIa, but not in groups Ia, Ib, and IIb. We conclude that evaluation of right ventricular performance is useful in determining which patients are at increased risk for medical complications after lung resection. Exercise-induced change in right ventricular ejection fraction may be a better indicator of high risk among candidates for pulmonary resection than the absolute value of this parameter.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Attenuation of cardiopulmonary bypass-derived inflammatory reactions reduces myocardial reperfusion injury in cardiac operations.

In cardiac operations endopeptidase (protease) inhibitor may be beneficial in reducing myocardial injury when administered in the cardiopulmonary bypass prime. Nafamostat mesilate was evaluated in 20 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The patients were divided into a control group (n = 10) and a nafamostat group (n = 10). Nafamostat (2 mg/kg per hour) was continuously given during cardiopulmonary bypass in the nafamostat group. The age, number of grafts, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and aortic crossclamp time were similar between groups. In the control group, neither tumor necrosis factor-alpha nor interleukin-1 levels showed any significant change during cardiopulmonary bypass, whereas interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels, percent expression of adhesion molecule (CD18) on neutrophils, and CH50 assay results increased significantly during cardiopulmonary bypass. As compared with the control group, the nafamostat group showed significantly lower levels of interleukin-6 (123 +/- 57 versus 40 +/- 22 pg/ml, respectively) and interleukin-8 (96 +/- 13 versus 66 +/- 14 pg/ml, respectively). The nafamostat group showed a significantly lower difference of CH50 assay results and malondialdehyde levels between coronary sinus blood and arterial blood and peak values of creatine kinase MB (43 +/- 12 IU/L versus 19 +/- 6 IU/L) during the postoperative course compared with findings in the control group. These results demonstrated that inflammatory reactions induced by cardiopulmonary bypass had adverse effects on myocardial recovery after aortic crossclamping and that nafamostat mesilate given during cardiopulmonary bypass appeared to reduce myocardial reperfusion injury by attenuating such inflammatory reactions. Attenuation of inflammatory reactions of cardiopulmonary bypass should be considered in the strategy of myocardial protection.

Benzamidines↗
PubMed1996

Insulin pretreatment protects the liver from ischemic damage during Pringle's maneuver.

BACKGROUND: Although maintenance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels is important to restore liver functions during anoxia, ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited during Pringle's maneuver, and only a little ATP can be supplied by glycolysis. The glycolytic activity of the liver is controlled by the nutritional condition and hormones. Enhancement of glycolytic activity by insulin may increase ATP production and thus may protect the liver from ischemia. METHODS: Rats were divided into three groups: fasted group, food was withheld for 24 hours; fed group, food was provided ad libitum; and insulin group, fed rats were administered insulin (12 units/kg during a 30-minute period) before portal triad clamping (PTC) was performed. After laparotomy was performed, PTC was performed for 30 minutes. The fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-BP) level, the hepatic levels of lactate and ATP, the bile flow rate, the plasma levels of aspartate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase, and the indocyanine green clearance were measured at appropriate times. RESULTS: The hepatic F-2,6-BP levels before PTC in the fasted, fed, and insulin groups were 6.2 +/- 3.8, 55.6 +/- 10.6, and 122.2 +/- 31.3 nmol/gm dry weight liver, respectively. The glycolytic activity of the insulin group before PTC was significantly enhanced compared with that of the other groups. Lactate was more rapidly accumulated in livers of the insulin group during PTC than in those of the other groups. The ATP level and energy charge during PTC of the insulin group were higher than those of the other groups. The bile flow rate and indocyanine green clearance after PTC were restored in the order of the insulin, fed, and fasted groups. CONCLUSIONS: Insulin administration before PTC increased the hepatic F-2,6-BP content and enhanced glycolytic activity. Insulin pretreatment combined with feeding improved the hepatic energy metabolism during PTC and restored the liver functions after PTC. Insulin has protective effects on the liver during PTC.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1996

Simultaneous observation of regional cerebral blood flow and event-related potential during performance of an auditory task.

Reduced amplitude of the P300 component has been reported consistently in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. It is unclear, however, how such patients' cognitive dysfunction is related to their P300 abnormality. Further basic knowledge regarding neural substrates for P300 generation is required for gaining an understanding of the pathological significance of the P300 amplitude reduction. To determine the brain structures involved in P300 generation, we observed the event-related potential and the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 10 normal subjects performing an oddball discrimination of pure tones. The rCBF value was assessed quantitatively with the aid of single photon emission computed tomography using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime. During the task performance, significant activation was observed in the posterior superior temporal and inferior parietal regions of the right hemisphere. In addition, positive correlation of the task-related increase in rCBF with the simultaneously recorded P300 amplitude was observed in the right but not the left posterior superior temporal region. These findings indicate that activation of the right non-verbal auditory area might modulate P300 generation during pure-tone discrimination.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1996

Role of adenosine in the renal responses to contrast medium.

Despite the development of non-ionic radiographic contrast media (CM), CM-induced nephropathy is a clinically important problem in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency. We examined the effects of non-ionic CM (iohexol) on renal function in conscious dogs with and without renal insufficiency, and evaluated the effects of a non-selective (theophylline), an A1 selective (KW-3902), and an A2 selective adenosine antagonist (KF17837) on the renal responses to CM. In sham-operated group, iohexol (2 ml/kg/min for 3 min) increased effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR), whereas in renal insufficiency group (with subtotal nephrectomy), following transient increases in ERPF and GFR, CM markedly decreased ERPF (-46.5 +/- 6.7%) and GFR (-51.2 +/- 7.1%). In sham-operated group, theophylline and KF17837 markedly attenuated CM-induced increases in ERPF and GFR, while KW-3902 had no effects on CM-induced increases in ERPF or GFR. In renal insufficiency group, initial increases in ERPF and GFR were blunted by theophylline and KF17837. In contrast, the subsequent decreases in ERPF and GFR were attenuated by theophylline (% delta ERPF, -12.2 +/- 3.2% vs. -46.6 +/- 6.7%, P < 0.01; % delta GFR, 4.3 +/- 2.5% vs. -51.0 +/- 7.1%, P < 0.01), and were completely prevented by KW-3902 (% delta ERPF, 10.8 +/- 2.9%; % delta GFR, 23.8 +/- 4.4%), whereas KF17837 aggravated ERPF (-73.3 +/- 5.3%) and GFR (-78.4 +/- 5.3%). These data indicate that in normal renal function, iohexol elicits renal vasodilation by activating mainly the adenosine A2 receptors. In contrast, in impaired renal function, CM induces both A2 and A1 activation; the former is associated with the initial renal vasodilation, while the latter is responsible for the sustained aggravation of renal hemodynamics.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1996

Nerve growth factor enhances survival and cytotoxic activity of human eosinophils.

Phenotypic change of blood-type eosinophils to tissue-type eosinophils is induced by various cytokines. We examined the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) as a candidate for a constitutive cytokine which is able to induce the phenotypic change of eosinophils. The viability of human peripheral blood eosinophils cultured for 4 d was increased from a mean of 26% to a mean of 50% (P<0.001) by the addition of NGF (50 ng/ml). Cytotoxic activity of eosinophils determined by larvicidal activity was increased 2-3-fold by the addition of NGF (50 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Furthermore, eosinophil chemotactic activity of NGF was demonstrated by the blind well chamber method. Since NGF is produced constitutively from various kinds of cells in local tissues, it is suggested that NGF might be a cytokine responsible for phenotypic change to tissue type eosinophils in conditions without immune stimuli.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1996

C5b-8 step lysis of swine endothelial cells by human complement and functional feature of transfected CD59.

The authors established several swine endothelial cell (SEC) lines expressing human CD59 by transfection of cDNA, and assessed the function of the transfectant molecules in comparison with those of membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF) in an in vitro hyperacute rejection model of swine to human discordant xenograft. At the usual expression rate, DAF and MCP protected SEC from human complement mediated cell lysis, but CD59 did not block human complement attack on SEC. However, CD59 protects SEC from cell lysis when sufficiently expressed as in human umbilical vein (HUVEC). The authors examined why CD59 needed so many molecules to protect human complement-mediated SEC lysis and found that SEC underwent lysis by human C5b-8. The degree of C5b-8 step lysis of SEC was approximately 70% of the total activation (C5b-9). Additionally, CD59 protected human complement activities less efficiently at the C5b-8 step than at the C9-step. Therefore, to overcome human complement mediated SEC lysis, C8 activity must be inhibited by dense expression of CD59.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The effect of Beraprost sodium on the survival of subcutaneous transferred jejunum after vascular pedicle interruption in a rat model.

Beraprost sodium, a stable PGI2 analog, having antiplatelet aggregation and vasodilating actions, was tested in a rat subcutaneous heterotopic jejunal model for its ability to improve survival after vascular pedicle interruption. Forth Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: Group 1 (control, ligation of pedicle on postoperative day 5); Group 2 (Beraprost sodium, ligation on day 5); Group 3 (control, ligation on day 7); and Group 4 (Beraprost sodium, ligation on day 7). The resulting viability rates were: Group 1 = 0 percent, Group 2 = 40 percent, Group 3 = 30 percent, Group 4 = 90 percent. These results indicate that the administration of Beraprost sodium facilitates the neovascularization of the transferred intestine and shortens the time required for viability of the transferred tissue, after interruption of the vascular pedicle.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1996

Interictal cerebral and cerebellar blood flow in temporal lobe epilepsy as measured by a noninvasive technique using Tc-99m HMPAO.

The usefulness of noninvasive regional cerebral blood flow measurements using Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) was evaluated in 45 patients with interictal temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure frequency did not show any influence on flow values or side-to-side asymmetry. Patients taking phenytoin had a significantly lower mean cerebral blood flow (mean 9.5%) and lower mean cerebellar blood flow (mean 12.9%) than those not taking it. Moreover, phenytoin reduced regional cerebral blood flow in the temporal regions more prominently on the contralateral side of the epileptic focus than on the ipsilateral side. Positive MRI findings of hippocampal sclerosis along with visually detected temporal hypoperfusion on SPECT showed a lower regional cerebral blood flow and greater flow asymmetry than other imaging findings in the temporal region. Results suggest that noninvasive cerebral blood flow measurements using Tc-99m HMPAO may give useful information about interictal cerebral blood flow around an epileptic focus and about the effects of antiepileptic drugs on brain function in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Scintigraphic study of malignant melanoma with 123I-iodoamphetamine.

N-isopropyl-p-I-123-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) is extracted by the brain in proportion to regional blood flow. It is particularly useful in the clinical assessment of various pathological conditions related to altered cerebral flow. Moreover, it has been reported that 123I-IMP is avidly incorporated into melanin and melanotic melanoma. We evaluated 123I-IMP scintigraphy using either planar or single photon emission tomography (SPET) studies in 10 patients with malignant melanoma. The patients were classified into two groups according to the tumour site: Group A, six patients with primary or metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma of the extremity with planar scintigraphy; Group B, four patients with primary malignant melanoma of other organs with planar scintigraphy and SPET. In Group A, tumour uptake was demonstrated in four of six patients; in Group B, three of four patients had tumour accumulation on SPET and planar scintigraphy. SPET revealed the exact tumour localization, even in the case of a tumour located in the lung. These results suggest that planar scintigraphy using 123I-IMP is useful in the detection of malignant melanoma. Furthermore, more clear tumour localization is possible with SPET, even in the case of a tumour located in the lung.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Treatment of nevus Ota: combined skin abrasion and carbon dioxide snow method.

Thirty-seven patients with nevus Ota were treated by skin abrasion-carbon dioxide snow therapy. Data obtained from 24 patients (including 5 infants) who completed treatment were analyzed to determine the number of treatment courses and to assess the outcome by color and histologic type. The 5 infants completing treatment received a mean of 10 courses of carbon dioxide snow therapy. Excluding these infants, the mean number of treatment courses was 3 for skin abrasion and 16 for carbon dioxide snow therapy. The therapeutic outcome was satisfactory, being graded as "excellent" in 6 patients, "excellent to good" in 6 patients, "good" in 10 Patients, and "fair" in 2 patients. None of the patients had a "poor" outcome. Darker lesions were generally less responsive to treatment. Lesions with melanocytes in the superficial dermis showed a better response with fewer courses of treatment. Those with melanocytes throughout the whole dermis generally had a poorer outcome. The results confirm that the benefits of this procedure are limited by the associated pain and the need for great skill and a long treatment duration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Cloning and sequencing of the spore germination gene of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872: similarities to the NaH-antiporter gene of Enterococcus hirae.

The germination mutant TM-31 of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872, was isolated by transposon Tn917 insertional mutagenesis. Glucose, L-proline, L-leucine and KNO3 germinated TM-31 poorly. The DNA in the region of the Tn917 insertion was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence determined. One major open reading frame was present on the cloned DNA. The hydrophobic protein encoded is presumably membrane-associated. A homology search revealed that the gene encoded in the region of the Tn917 insertion is homologous to napA of Enterococcus hirae. napA codes for the NaH-antiporter. It is hypothesized that transport of cations must play an important role in spore germination in B. megaterium ATCC 12872.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Family history-related risk of gastric cancer in Japan: a hospital-based case-control study.

In Japan, there have been a few reports on the familiar factors of gastric cancer (GC) and on the GC risk related to family history (FH) at other cancer sites. We analyzed the association between GC occurrence and a positive FH of cancer of the stomach and of other sites in a hospital-based case-control study. The subjects included cases histologically confirmed as incident cancer of the stomach (n = 136; 86 male and 50 female patients) and sex and age (+/- 1 year)-matched controls. GC risk was high when a subject had a parental history of GC [Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio adjusted for sex and age (OR)=2.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI):1.1-5.0]. GC risk was almost unity for a cancer FH of any other cancer site, even among closer relatives, suggesting little or no contribution to GC occurrence. The familial occurrence of GC found in this study suggests the existence of a genetic susceptibility to cancer of the stomach. Further, females tended to show higher GC risks than males, when reporting an affected mother (OR=6.0; 95% CI:1.1-31.4 and OR= 1.4; 95% CI:0.4-4.8, respectively), whereas males showed a slightly higher risk than females when reporting an affected father (OR=2.4; 95% CI:0.8-7.5 and OR=2.3; 95% CI:0.4-15.6, respectively). This suggests a possible gender difference in how environmental factors influence GC occurrence. The development of gastric tumors seems to be due to a complex and unknown interaction between environmental and genetic factors.

Aged↗