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Biomedical subjects

H Marty

Publications and source records attributed to H Marty.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Atypical giant cell arteritis].

The atypical clinical course of giant-cell arteritis in the elderly (who may develop a clinical picture of severe consumptive disease) is illustrated by two observations with histologically confirmed temporal arteritis. In addition to fever and loss of weight, the inflammatory vascular process in a 78-year old female was reflected in arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter), probably due to involvement of the coronary arteries, and occlusion of the left axillary artery. Similar general symptoms and various neurological deficits comprising amaurosis, mononeuritis multiplex, polyneuropathy, myopathy and finally subarachnoid hemorrhage characterized the disease in a 72-year-old man. The picture was further complicated by intestinal perforation. In both patients steroids brought considerable improvement and the disease process came to a standstill.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Antinociceptive activity of salsolinol (racemate, R(+)-, S(-)-enantiomers): evidence of a peripheral mechanism.

The existence and the characteristics of the antinociceptive action of salsolinol (racemate) and its two R(+)- and S(-)-enantiomers were studied using different pain tests in mice. None of these drugs possessed a significant activity on the tests sensitive to central acting analgesics (hot-plate and tail-flick tests), either after systemic (i.p.) or central (i.c.v.) injections. However, injected i.p., they reduced the number of writhes induced by phenylbenzoquinone; the ED50 was 79 +/- 2, 73 +/- 2 and 61 +/- 2 mg/kg for racemate, R(+)- and S(-)-enantiomer respectively. This activity was not antagonized by naloxone. Moreover, racemate and S(-) reduced, only for the highest used active dose on the PBQ test (128 mg/kg, i.p.), the edema induced by an intraplantar injection of carrageenin. These results provide evidence of an analgesic activity independent of the endogenous opiate systems and involving a peripheral mechanism.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetic patterns of repeated administration of antidepressants in animals. II. Their relevance in a study of the influence of clomipramine on morphine analgesia in mice.

Many studies have shown tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) to potentiate morphine analgesia, but more recent work, using different modes of administration, has revealed inhibition of morphine analgesia by TCAs. The influence of different modes of administration of clomipramine (CMI) on morphine analgesia assessed by the hot-plate test was studied in mice. The administration procedure was based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of CMI determined in the strain used. Acute and chronic (i.e., every half-life of 130 min for five half-lives) administration of CMI (10 or 20 mg/kg i.p.) had opposite effects; the former potentiated morphine analgesia and the latter inhibited it. Five closely repeated administrations (i.e., every 40 min) suppressed the potentiation without producing inhibition. The time course of the influence of CMI showed that the inhibition of morphine analgesia observed after repeated administration of a given dose of CMI occurred if the latter was present for sufficient time; this time decreased when the dose of CMI was increased. Moreover, comparison with literature data shows the importance of standardized patterns of repeated administration: the variability in the frequency of repeated administration and in the time-lag between the last injection of TCA and the test may account for the varying results observed. The discrepancies in the literature regarding TCA/morphine interaction are thus only apparent, and arise merely from varying conditions. Possible mechanisms for the CMI-morphine interaction are discussed: involvement of opiate receptors and/or the serotonergic system.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1988

An automated method to analyze vocalization of unrestrained rats submitted to noxious electrical stimuli.

Unrestrained rats were subjected to electrical stimuli applied to their paws via an electrified cage floor. Intensity, duration, and order of stimulation were chosen after preliminary tests. Vocalization threshold and vocalization as a behavioral response were studied. The vocalization was recorded and the signal analyzed by a simple computerized method that calculated five parameters: delay, maximal amplitude, duration, area, and maximal derivative with respect to time. The last four parameters increased with increasing intensity of stimulation and remained stable when the same stimulation was given repeatedly. Sensitivity to morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg s.c.) was tested. Morphine raised the threshold and lowered vocalization parameters, and it was antagonized by naloxone, thus validating the method. The sensitivity of the test and its capacity to separate sensory and affective components of pain are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacokinetic patterns of repeated administration of antidepressants in animals. I. Implications for antinociceptive action of clomipramine in mice.

The pattern of repeated administration of antidepressants in animals varies from one study to another, making comparison of results difficult. We propose a means of standardizing the pattern of administration for any particular animal, based on a pharmacokinetic study of the antidepressant [here clomipramine (CMI)] in that animal. The plasma half-life (127 min) in the Swiss CD1 mouse was used as a basis for chronic administration, which was strictly every half-life as in clinical use. Daily administration is thus merely repeated acute administration. The antinociceptive action of CMI was compared under four sets of conditions of injection: single, chronic, daily and closely repeated (every 40 min). The antinociceptive effect obtained after an acute injection of CMI (10 or 20 mg/kg i.p.) was increased 2-fold after five chronic injections. Closely repeated injections gave a more marked effect than chronic administration, and daily administration was ineffective. The time course of the antinociceptive action correlated with that of blood and brain levels of CMI and its monodemethylated derivative. The enhancement of the antinociceptive action observed after chronic and closely repeated administration was shown not to be due to any modification of motor activity. It was suppressed by naloxone. Comparison with results reported in the literature shows the benefit of using a well-defined pattern of administration.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of meteorologic and atmospheric health factors on acute diseases of the respiratory tract in children--as exemplified by the Biel region].

In the region of the small town of Biel, cases of various acute respiratory illnesses among children were recorded and correlated with measured parameters of meteorology and air pollution (sulfur dioxide, dust) during a period of one and a half years. An increase of cases was noted during the fall and winter months, by low temperatures, high humidity and meteorological conditions with northerly synoptic winds. Also the correlation of the cases to SO2 deposition values revealed a significant connection that may possibly be simulated by identical seasonal changes. No significant connection could be found between concentrations of SO2 respectively dust values and frequency of illness.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of meteorologic and air hygiene factors on acute respiratory tract diseases in children--based on the example of the Biel region].

In the area of a Swiss town (Biel) and its surroundings, cases of various acute respiratory illnesses among children were recorded and correlated with measured parameters of weather and air pollution (sulfur dioxide, dust) during a period of 17 months. An increase in cases was noted during the fall and winter months, involving low temperatures, high humidity and weather conditions with northerly synoptic winds. Also, correlation of the cases to SO2 deposition values revealed a significant connection that may possibly be simulated by identical seasonal changes. No significant connection could be found between concentrations of SO2 or dust values and frequency of illness.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1985

[Pseudo-Bartter syndrome in diuretics abuse].

In a 45-year-old woman with chronic hypokalemia, clinical, chemical and endocrinological results pointed to Bartter's syndrome as cause of the disturbance. By screening the patient's urine twice, positive results for furosemide were obtained and we came to the conclusion, that the patient was suffering from Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome due to chronic abuse of diuretics.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1984

[Pernicious anemia as cause of secondary sterility].

After starting treatment with vitamin B12, a 32-year-old woman with pernicious anaemia and secondary infertility became pregnant again and gave birth to a healthy child. It has been found that pernicious anaemia, which is rare during childbearing age, usually leads to infertility in men and women. This is reversible by treatment with vitamin B12.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1982

[Drug side effects as the probable cause of death. Results of the Berne Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring Program].

During the years 1974-1980, 19 of 17,285 inpatients of the divisions of internal medicine of two teaching hospitals showed a probable or definite adverse drug reaction (ADR) which was considered to be a major cause of death. In 7 patients the decisive ADR occurred during the hospital stay. The overall mortality from ADR is 0.040%. For each therapeutic group of drugs the following rate of drug-related death was calculated: for anticoagulants 0.047% (3/6378 inpatients), for cardiac glycosides 0.016% (1/6368), for analgesic/antirheumatic drugs 0.014% (1/7112) and for cytostatic drugs 0.38% (2/531). In 12 patients the ADR was already present on hospital admission.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Transient neonatal macrocephaly. The differential diagnosis of abnormally fast-growing skull in newborn infants].

In a twin baby of low birth weight a transient abnormally increased growth velocity of the head circumference could be observed. Sodium and water retention were recognized as the underlying disturbance responsible for brain edema. This mechanism is one of several possible etiologic factors leading to macrocephaly in early infancy. Pathogenesis, therapy and prophylactic measures are discussed.

Brain Edema↗