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H Malmberg

Publications and source records attributed to H Malmberg.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Anamnestic data in allergic rhinitis.

In a study of 770 patients with allergic rhinitis, anamnestic data were collected by means of a questionnaire. 484 (63%) of the patients were women and 286 (37%) men. 45.5% of the patients had perennial symptoms, 33.5% had seasonal symptoms only, and 21% had predominantly seasonal but also some perennial symptoms. More than 50% of the patients belonged to the age group 21-40 years. The seasonal group included significantly more young patients than the perennial group. More than 50% of the parents and about 45% of the siblings had some atopic disorder. About 20% of the rhinitis patients had a concomitant allergic disorder. Sneezing was the commonest complaint in both rhinitis groups, but it was significantly more frequent in patients with seasonal rhinitis. Nasal blockage, again, was significantly commoner in perennial rhinitis. More than half of the patients reported severest symptoms in the morning. 282 patients had some domestic animal or pet, and 34% of these developed symptoms when close to an animal. Hypersensitivity to animals was significantly more frequent in patients who had domestic animals or pets than in those who did not. There was a clear correlation in perennial allergic rhinitis between the duration of rhinitis and deterioration of the sense of smell.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Budesonide in the treatment of nasal polyposis.

A double-blind parallel trial of budesonide versus placebo was carried out in 19 patients suffering from nasal polyposis. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups, one receiving a daily dose of 400 micrograms of budesonide and the other a corresponding dose of placebo intranasally for 4 months. The total mean symptom scores and nasal peak flow values during the trial showed a statistically significant difference in favour of budesonide. On rhinoscopy, a clear decrease in mucosal congestion was noticed in the group receiving the active drug. The polyps diminished in number and size in the budesonide group. Mucociliary function, measured by the saccharin test before and after therapy, did not undergo significant changes in either group. Mean plasma cortisol values were of the same order before and after therapy. Local side-effects were mild in both groups, and there was no indication of mucosal drying or crusting attributable to the test solution. Pre- and post-therapy biopsies revealed a pronounced decrease in tissue eosinophilia following budesonide treatment. Neither nasal smears nor biopsies showed signs of morphological changes in the epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Symptoms of chronic and allergic rhinitis and occurrence of nasal secretion granulocytes in university students, school children and infants.

The prevalence of chronic and allergic rhinitis was studied in an unselected population sample consisting of 315 university students and 319 school children. History was taken by questionnaire, nasal appearance was examined by rhinoscopy, and a nasal smear was studied in all subjects. For comparison, nasal smears were also collected from 60 normal infants. Allergic rhinitis complaints were reported by 28% of the students and by 13% of the school children, with no significant difference in sex distribution. The cytological examination revealed secretion eosinophilia in 20% of the students, 28% of the school children, and 22% of the infants. Secretion eosinophilia correlated significantly with allergic rhinitis history, and with nasal mucosal swelling and nasal secretion seen on rhinoscopy. Nasal secretion neutrophilia, which occurred in 47% of the students, 79% of the school children and 97% of the infants, seemed to have an adverse effect on the reliability of secretion eosinophilia as an indicator of active nasal allergy. Possible reasons for the rising prevalence rates of allergic rhinitis are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nasal smear as a screening test for immediate-type nasal allergy.

From a previous sample of 634 students and school children, 115 subjects were selected for a thorough rhinological examination and allergy work-up in order to assess the value of nasal secretion eosinophilia in screening for immediate-type nasal allergy. Part of the subjects had, in the previous study, been found to have secretion eosinophilia and a history of chronic/allergic rhinitis, part of the subjects had either a secretion eosinophilia or a rhinitis history, and part of them had neither a secretion eosinophilia nor a rhinitis history. A significant correlation was obtained between secretion eosinophilia and allergy. Nasal provocation tests correlated with skin tests in 87%, whereas the correlation between nasal provocation tests and Ige determinations in the serum was poorer. Thickening of the maxillary sinus was, when present, usually attributable to infection and not to allergy. Reasons for "false positive or false negative" smears for eosinophils are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic procedures in chronic rhinitis.

Various methods of diagnosing allergic factors in chronic rhinitis are discussed. Among the procedures which aim at detecting specific allergens, i.e. skin testing, RAST, and nasal provocation tests, the last mentioned, as they are performed directly on the shock organ, have so far been found to give the most accurate picture of clinically dominant allergens and of the intensity and character of the rhinitis. However, information obtained by analysing the correlations between different procedures is not unanimous. As long as test techniques and allergen extracts have not been standardized, one particular test cannot be recommended as the method of choice.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

The most important allergens in allergic rhinitis.

The distribution of allergens, found on thorough allergy work-up in a series of 770 patients with seasonal and perennial nasal symptoms, is reported. The percentages of positive reactions to grass, tree, and herb pollens were equally high (30--40%) but, clinically, pollens from grasses (Timothy, Alopecurus, Kentucky Blue and Meadow fescue), birch and mugwort (Artemisia) were the most important. In the Nordic countries house dust is evidently the commonest causative agent in perennial rhinitis but the heterogenous composition of house dust makes it difficult to determine potent allergenic factors. Sensitivity to house dust was present in 44% of the patients; a positive reaction to mite extract in only 10%. Animal danders were not found to be great importance in allergic rhinitis (13--18%). Reactions to moulds were observed in 9% of the patients.

Allergens↗
PubMed1977

Experiences of treating allergic rhinitis with intra-nasal beclomethasone dipropionate. Short-term trials and long-term follow-up.

The effect of locally acting intra-nasal beclomethasone dipropionate was observed in 42 patients suffering from seasonal allergic rhinitis and 50 patients suffering from perennial rhinitis. The study consists of three parts: 1) a simple double-blind trial in seasonal rhinitis, 2) a double-blind crossover trial in perennial rhinitis, 3) a 1-year follow-up of the perennial group. The active drug was significantly superior to placebo when comparing subjective symptoms, nasal resistance and secretion eosinophilia in the patients. In long-term use it was possible to reduce the initial dose considerably. On objective examination no significant changes were seen in the epithelium following long-term use. No suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was observed after 1 year's regular use of beclomethasone dipropionate. The side effects were mild, the most common complaint being irritation of the nasal mucous membrane, apparently caused by the propellant gas.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1976

Nasal challenge.

Seven years' experience of nasal challenge is presented. On the basis of a material of 1492 controlled provocation tests performed on 715 patients, practical problems concerning the performance period of the provocation, application methods, allergen preparations, interpretation of the results as well as the relevance and correlation of different investigation methods of allergic rhinitis are discussed.

Allergens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of erythromycin on adenoid bacteria.

Seventy-eight patients with secretory otitis media were given erythromycin ethylsuccinate 50 mg/kg/day, divided into 2 doses, for 7-8 days before undergoing adenoidectomy and tympanostomy. Nasopharyngeal swabs for bacterial culture were obtained before medication and at surgery and the adenoid homogenate was also studied for bacteria. Pneumococci and Branhamella strains became significantly reduced, while Hemophilus influenzae showed no change. Pneumococcus and Branhamella strains partially returned one month after surgery and in part were found in patients who had not had these strains before antimicrobial therapy. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate can sterilize neither the adenoids nor the middle ear space if the causative agent is Hemophilus influenzae.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nasal reactions elicited by unilateral allergen challenge.

Nasal reactions to unilateral allergen provocation were studied separately in both nasal cavities of 9 subjects with established seasonal allergic rhinitis. Three tests with the same allergen at the same concentration were performed in the same cavity at 48-h intervals. The parameters observed were clinical symptoms, changes in nasal airway resistance on rhinomanometry, and amount, weight and histamine content of the collected secretion. Nasal obstruction increased significantly on the provoked side but not contralaterally. Secretion increased symmetrically but the histamine content rose only on the provoked side. No priming effect was observed. The results are compatible with the view that the release of histamine has a 2-fold effect. Histamine directly caused vasodilatation of capacitance vessels and capillaries, which resulted in obstruction on the provoked side, and indirectly the histamine release led to stimulation of sensory nerve endings, which by triggering parasympathetic reflexes caused rhinorrhea in both nasal halves.

Adult↗