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Biomedical subjects

H Maizumi

Publications and source records attributed to H Maizumi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Aneuploidy induction in human fibroblasts: comparison with results in Syrian hamster fibroblasts.

The susceptibility of human fibroblast cells in culture to neoplastic transformation by chemical carcinogens is appreciably lower than that of rodent fibroblasts. We have proposed that a key step in the neoplastic progression of Syrian hamster embryo fibroblasts is the induction of aneuploidy by carcinogens. It is possible that the different sensitivity to neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster versus human cells is due to a difference in genetic stability following treatment with chemicals inducing aneuploidy. Therefore, we measured the induction of numerical chromosome changes in normal human fibroblasts and Syrian hamster fibroblasts by 4 specific aneuploidogens. Dose- and time-dependent studies were performed. Nondisjunction, resulting in aneuploid cells with a near-diploid chromosome number, in up to 14-28% of the hamster cells was induced by colcemid (0.1 microgram/ml), vincristine (30 ng/ml), diethylstilbestrol (DES) (1 microgram/ml) or 17 beta-estradiol (10 micrograms/ml). In contrast, human cells displayed far fewer aneuploid (near-diploid) cells, i.e., 8% following treatment with colcemid (0.02 micrograms/ml) or vincristine (10 ng/ml) and only 3% following treatment with DES (6 micrograms/ml) or 17 beta-estradiol (20 micrograms/ml). The doses at which the maximum effect was observed are given. Treatment of human cells induced a higher incidence of cells with a near-tetraploid chromosome number, which was similar to the level observed in treated hamster cells except at the highest doses. These results indicate that human cells respond differently from hamster cells to agents that induce aneuploidy. In particular, nondisjunction yielding aneuploid human fibroblasts with a near-diploid chromosome number was less frequent. The magnitude of the observed species differences varied with different chemicals. The difference in aneuploidy induction may contribute, in part, to species differences in susceptibility of fibroblasts to neoplastic transformation.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1987

17beta-Estradiol-induced cell transformation and aneuploidy of Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture.

The ability of 17 beta-estradiol to induce morphological transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells was examined and dose-dependent increases were observed over the concentration range of 1-10 micrograms/ml. However, treatment of the cells with 17 beta-estradiol failed to induce any detectable increases in gene mutations, chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges or unscheduled DNA synthesis. In contrast, over the dose range that was effective in inducing cell transformation, 17 beta-estradiol induced numerical chromosome changes (both chromosome gains and losses). These findings are similar to the reported observations with the synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol, and support the hypothesis that aneuploidy induction is important in cell transformation and possibly carcinogenesis induced by estrogens.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1986

Temporal order of replication of genes responsible for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase and Na+/K+ ATPase in chemically transformed human fibroblasts.

The cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of a direct perturbation of DNA during various portions of the DNA synthetic period (S phase) of a chemically induced, transformed line (Hut-11A cells) derived from diploid human skin fibroblasts were examined. The cells were synchronized by a period of growth in low serum with a subsequent blockage of the cells at the G1/S boundary by hydroxyurea. This method resulted in over 90% synchrony, although approximately 20% of the cells were noncycling. Synchronized cells were treated for each of four 2-h periods during the S phase with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) followed by irradiation with near-ultraviolet (UV). The BrdU-plus-irradiation treatment was cytotoxic and mutagenic, while treatment with BrdU alone or irradiation alone was neither cytotoxic nor mutagenic. The cytotoxicity was dependent upon the periods of S phase during which treatment was administered. The highest lethality was observed for treatment in early to middle S phase, particularly in the first 2 h of S phase, whereas scare lethality was observed in late S phase. The BrdU-plus-irradiation treatment induced ouabain- and 6-thioguanine-resistant mutants, while BrdU alone or irradiation alone was not mutagenic. Ouabain-resistant mutants were induced during early S phase by the BrdU-plus-irradiation treatment. 6-Thioguanine-resistant mutants, however, were induced during middle to late S phase. These results suggest that a certain region or regions in the DNA of Hut-11A cells, as designated by their specific temporal relationship in the S phase, may be more sensitive to the DNA perturbation by BrdU treatment plus near-UV irradiation for cell survival and that gene(s) responsible for Na+/K+ ATPase is replicated during early S phase and gene(s) for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase is replicated during middle to late S phase.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1986

Vincristine sulfate-induced cell transformation, mitotic inhibition and aneuploidy in cultured Syrian hamster embryo cells.

Vincristine, a naturally occurring Vinca alkaloid and widely used anti-neoplastic agent, was examined for its ability to induce cell transformation, inhibition of growth and mitosis, and genetic effects in Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture. Treatment of the cells with doses of less than or equal to 1 ng/ml vincristine sulfate (VCR) had no effect on cell growth, while exposure to greater than or equal to 3 ng/ml reduced the growth rate and treatment with 30 ng/ml resulted in no detectable increase in cell number. At this latter dose the mitotic index of the cells increased significantly suggesting that VCR delayed completion of mitosis. Exposure of the cells to VCR at doses of 1-10 ng/ml for 48 h resulted in morphological transformation of the cells in a doserelated fashion. The vincristine-treated transformed colonies were morphologically indistinguishable from colonies transformed by benzo[a]pyrene or other chemical carcinogens. Morphological transformation was induced by VCR at non-toxic and slightly toxic doses as measured by a reduction in colony-forming ability of the treated cells. Over the dose range which resulted in cell transformation, VCR failed to induce either detectable gene mutations at two genetic loci, unscheduled DNA synthesis, or chromosome aberrations in the Syrian hamster embryo cells. However, a significant dose-dependent increase in aneuploid cells with a near-diploid chromosome number was induced by VCR. Both chromosome losses and gains were induced which is consistent with a non-disjunctional mechanism. These results further support our hypothesis that aneuploidy is one possible mechanism for induction of this early step in the neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells. Furthermore, these findings indicate that VCR may have some carcinogenic potential if exposure to rapidly dividing cells occurs.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1986

Alteration in diethylstilbestrol-induced mutagenicity and cell transformation by exogenous metabolic activation.

It was shown previously that diethylstilbestrol (DES) can induce morphological and neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo cells in culture in the absence of detectable gene mutations or DNA damage. However, in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation with rat liver post-mitochondrial supernatant, DES can induce unscheduled DNA synthesis. In this report we have examined whether with exogenous metabolic activation DES can also induce biological effects possibly related to its carcinogenicity, i.e. specific locus mutations in Syrian hamster embryo cells and cell transformation. We observed that DES was mutagenic only in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. DES induced morphological transformation both in the absence and presence of exogenous metabolic activation. Enhanced cell transformation was observed in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. These results indicate that two pathways may exist for the induction of cell transformation by DES. One does not apparently involve direct DNA damage, and the other, which requires rat liver post-mitochondrial supernatant-mediated exogenous metabolic activation, is associated with DNA damage and mutagenicity. These results may provide an experimental model to elucidate the biological properties of DES metabolites.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of mutagenicity and inducibility of DNA single-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations in cultured mouse cells by potent mutagens.

Induction of 8-azaguanine-resistant mutation, DNA single-strand breaks, and chromosome aberrations by treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), N-methyl-N'nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), nitrogen mustard hydrochloride (HN2), or 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) was compared under similar experimental conditions using cultured FM3A cells from a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma. All the chemicals induced 8-azaguanine-resistant mutations and chromosome aberrations in a dose-dependent manner; a good correlation between the two activities was demonstrated. An alkaline sucrose gradient method demonstrated that DNA single-strand breaks were induced only in a high dose range by 1- and 24-hr treatment with the chemicals. One exception was that a 1-hr treatment with HN2 produced an anomalous sedimentation pattern. These data suggest that caution is necessary for the interpretation of results obtained by the alkaline sucrose gradient analysis, and that examination of mutagenicity and chromosome aberrations is more feasible as screening procedures for potential mutagens than analysis of DNA single-strand breaks.

4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
PubMed1976

Effect of tetracycline on cultured mouse cells.

By use of an assay system in vitro with cultured FM3A cells from a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma, tetracycline hydrochloride was found to have the ability to induce an 8-azaguanine-resistant mutation. It is suggested that an assay system using mammalian cells for the detection of mutagenicity of certain substances having antimicrobial action is more practical than a system using bacteria. As other effects of tetracycline hydrochloride on FM3A cells, the damage on chromosomes and the inhibition of syntheses of protein and nucleic acids were demonstrated.

Azaguanine↗