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Biomedical subjects

H Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to H Maeda.

At least 1,531 records · Page 85Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytochrome oxidase activity and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of the hamster submandibular gland using microwave irradiated fixation.

Submandibular glands of the hamster were irradiated in 2% paraformaldehyde (pFA)-0.5% pure glutaraldehyde (PGA) with a microwave (MW) processor at temperatures of 10 degrees and 37 degrees C. Electron microscopy showed that cytochrome oxidase activity was taking place in the mitochondrial intermembrane-intracristal space of the granular duct cell when the temperature of the MW-irradiated fixatives was at 10 degrees C. However, a decrease of this activity was observed when we took care to keep the temperature of the MW-irradiated fixatives at 37 degrees C. The distinct reduction of cytochrome oxidase activity allowed by MW irradiation seems to be due the thermal affects of fixatives. Of course, the possibility cannot be excluded that MW irradiation caused other undetectable membrane damage. Then, we used confocal laser scanning microscopy for the preservation check of the mitochondrial membrane for cytochemistry with MW-irradiated fixation. The fluorescence of rhodamine 123 was observed in the inner spaces of the mitochondria at temperatures of 10 degrees and 37 degrees C. When the same tissues were fixed with 2% pFA using an MW processor as the sole fixative at 10 degrees C, no mitochondrial fluorescence was observed. Cytochrome oxidase activity, by contrast, could be seen in the mitochondrial intermembrane-intracristal spaces in the same condition. Formaldehyde is not the best aldehyde for the purpose of ultrastructural preservation. On the other hand, light and electron microscopy showed that the endogenous peroxidase activity was localized in the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, secretory granules, and Golgi apparatus of the hamster submandibular gland using 2% pFA-0.5% PGA fixative with and without MW irradiations at temperatures of 10 degrees and 37 degrees C. Some of the same cells were fixed with only 2% pFA under MW irradiation at 10 degrees C; however, marked diffuseness of the peroxidase activity was observed. Therefore, these results indicated that cytochrome oxidase activity was sensitive to heat with MW-irradiated fixation. Peroxidase activity was very resistant to heat with MW-irradiated fixation but not with pFA solo fixation, therefore, PGA had to be used.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anticarcinogenic actions of water-soluble and alcohol-insoluble fractions from culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia.

The water-soluble (LEM) and alcohol-insoluble (LAP and LAP1) fractions were prepared from the culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia which was composed of bagasse and rice bran. LEM suppressed rat hepatocarcinogenesis and its cell proliferation of rat-ascites hepatoma to about 50% or less of each control group. LAP also suppressed cell proliferation at almost the same rate. LAP1 induced many small cells in the ascites and significantly raised the survival rate of hepatoma-bearing rats. Thus, anticarcinogenic action was revealed in LAP or LAP1 fractions which were mainly composed of xylose-containing polysaccharide and protein.

Agaricales↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrauterine treatment on non-immune hydrops fetalis.

In 51 cases with non-immunologic hydrops fetalis (NIHF), perinatal management was performed based on our protocol. Twenty-two cases were treated by albumin and/or packed red cell (PRC) injection into the fetal abdominal cavity, and 9 cases by transplacental digitalization. Among the cases treated by albumin and/or PRC injection, 6 of 8 cases without pleural effusion recovered in utero, and all 6 cases are alive. However, of 14 cases with pleural effusion, none recovered in utero, and only one case is alive. Of 9 cases treated by transplacental digitalization, 2 cases recovered in utero, and only one case is alive. All fetuses with congenital heart anomaly died. This evidence indicates that albumin and/or PRC injection into the fetal abdominal cavity is an effective procedure for in utero treatment of NIHF without pleural effusion, but suggests that in NIHF resulting from either congenital heart anomaly and/or heart failure, the survival rate may not be increased by transplacental digitalization.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Musculoskeletal recovery following hindlimb immobilization in adult female rats.

Bone loss during immobilization is well known. Common medical treatments of aged individuals that involve temporary immobilization may create an iatrogenic medical problem, a permanently increased risk of fracture. The goal of this article is to understand recovery of musculoskeletal tissues from temporary immobilization. Six-month-old female Sprague-Dawley retired breeder rats were used. A baseline group was killed; half the rest were immobilized (unilateral right hindlimb taping). After six weeks, groups of immobilized and control rats were killed and the immobilized rats were released from taping. After six more weeks, all remaining rats were killed. All rats received in vivo dual fluorochrome labeling. Lower leg muscles and tibiae and femurs were collected. Histomorphometric analysis of the proximal tibial metaphysis and cortical bone near the tibio fibula junction was completed. During immobilization, cancellous bone mass and trabecular number declined. Cortical bone mass did not change, but formation was lower and resorption was higher. Muscle weight fell. During the recovery period, bone mass rose, but did not exhibit complete recovery. The same was true for muscle weight. This model seems adequate for studying musculoskeletal recovery following immobilization. Both muscle and bone require a time period longer than the period of immobilization in order to make a complete recovery from the temporary deterioration. Bone structure deteriorates markedly during immobilization and recovers poorly. Longer studies are necessary to evaluate the ability of the adult skeleton to make a full recovery without intervention.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunogenetics of episcleritis in leprosy.

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) were analyzed among Japanese leprosy patients to identify any possible determinants in the development of episcleritis in leprosy patients. Seventy-nine Japanese leprosy patients (33 patients with history of episcleritis and 46 patients without episcleritis) and 114 healthy control subjects were investigated. Human leukocyte antigen-class I and class II specificities were determined serologically by the standard microcytotoxicity test. The HLA-DRB1, -DRB5, -DQA1, and -DQB1 genotypings were performed by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. The frequency of HLA-Cw3 was significantly increased among the patients with episcleritis (66.7%) compared to patients without episcleritis (43.5%; odds ratio = 2.6, P < 0.05). The frequency of HLA-DR4 was significantly decreased among the patients with episcleritis (15.2%) compared to patients without episcleritis (39.1%; odds ratio = 0.28, P < 0.05) and the controls (46.5%; odds ratio = 0.21, P < 0.001). At the genomic level, frequencies of the HLA-DRB1*0405, -DQB1*0401, and -DQB1*0302 alleles were significantly decreased among the patients with episcleritis (0%, 0%, and 6.1%, respectively) compared to patients without episcleritis (15.2%, 13.0%, and 26.1%, respectively; odds ratio = 0.07, 0.09, and 0.18, P < 0.05). HLA-DRB1*0405 and -DQB1*0401 were also significantly decreased among the patients with episcleritis compared to the controls (29.8% and 29.8%; odds ratio = 0.04, P < 0.0001). Our results suggest that HLA-Cw3 antigen confers the susceptibility to the development of episcleritis among Japanese leprosy patients. Concurrently, the DRB1 (the -DBR1*0405), and/or DQB1 (the -DQB1*0401 and -DQB1*0302) alleles might provide protection against leprous episcleritis.

Alleles↗