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Biomedical subjects

H Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to H Maeda.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effect of posture on bronchial reactivity to inhaled methacholine in patients with mitral valve stenosis.

To compare the effects of posture on bronchial reactivity in 12 patients with mitral valve stenosis (MS) and 10 with bronchial asthma (BA), a methacholine inhalation test was performed 2 h after being in either a supine or sitting position. All patients showed bronchial hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine before the study. In MS patients, logarithmic values of the cumulative dose producing a 35 percent decrease in respiratory conductance (log PD35Grs) were significantly lower 2 h after being in a supine position than in those after being in a sitting position (0.71 +/- 0.78, 1.02 +/- 0.53 log units, respectively, p < 0.05). In BA patients, however, log PD35Grs did not show significant changes (0.42 +/- 0.51, 0.58 +/- 0.48 log units, respectively). Variables of pulmonary function tests showed no significant differences between the two positions in both patients with MS and BA. We conclude that the bronchial hyperreactivity in MS is enhanced after the supine position for 2 h and that the supine posture may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Corneal dermoid in two laboratory beagle dogs.

Two male laboratory beagle dogs used in toxicity studies, one 7 months old and the other 9 months old, showed the evidence of corneal dermoid. Grossly, the dermoid was observed in both cases as hair growth from the cornea. In one case, the hairs had been removed from the cornea, but regrowth was observed about 70 days later. Histopathologically, melanocytes, melanin granules, hairs, hair bulbs, adipose tissue and sebaceous and sweat glands were observed in the corneal epithelium and propria. According to the information obtained from 4 breeders, the incidence of corneal dermoid was extremely rare in laboratory beagle dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Diffuse panbronchiolitis and rheumatoid arthritis: a possible correlation with HLA-B54.

We analyzed the HLA antigens in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis accompanied by diffuse panbronchiolitis in whom HLA typing could be done and found the presence of B54 and DR4 alleles. We previously reported that the frequency of HLA-B54 is significantly increased in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis. This allele demonstrates a linkage disequilibrium with DR4 (or DR4.1) in Japanese individuals. The association of rheumatoid arthritis with HLA-DR4 is well established in various ethnic groups including Japanese people. Since both diseases show the same pattern of HLA correlation, more Japanese patients with these two diseases are likely to be encountered.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1994

Germinoma of the medulla oblongata--case report.

A 32-year-old female presented with medulla oblongata germinoma manifesting as numbness in the extremities. Computed tomography demonstrated a mass in the medulla oblongata expanding into the fourth ventricle. The tumor was partially removed. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor specimen demonstrated large epithelioid cells positive for placental alkaline phosphatase, and syncytiotrophoblastic cells positive for beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. Some epithelioid cells were also positive for cytokeratin. She received 44 Gy of irradiation to the posterior fossa and 20 Gy whole spinal irradiation. No signs of recurrence have occurred for 9 years. Patients with medulla oblongata germ cell tumor are comparatively older than those with other intracranial germ cell tumors and have two X chromosomes. All tumors were diagnosed as germinoma, and caused symptoms of involvement of the lower cranial nerves and the lower brain stem without pyramidal tract signs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Bronchial hyperresponsiveness before and after percutaneous transluminal mitral commissurotomy in patients with mitral stenosis].

To study the effects of percutaneous transluminal mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) on bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in patients with mitral valve stenosis (MS), methacholine inhalation tests and pulmonary function tests were done in 10 patients with MS before and one week after PTMC. The mean log cumulative dose producing a 35% decrease in respiratory conductance (PD35Grs) was significantly higher after PTMC in nine patients in whom PTMC was successful (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in the results of pulmonary function tests after PTMC. One patient had severe mitral regurgitation after PTMC, and a decrease in PD35Grs. Six of the other nine patients in whom PTMC was successful continued to be hyperresponsive to inhaled methacholine. These data show that bronchial hyperresponsiveness in patients with MS is less severe after PTMC, concomitant with the relief of pulmonary congestion, and they suggest that the remaining bronchial hyperresponsiveness is responsible for peripheral airway narrowing with organic remodeling.

Bronchial Hyperreactivity↗
PubMed1994

[Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and relaxability in patients with mitral stenosis].

To study the differences in bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine and salbutamol between patients with mitral valve disease those with bronchial asthma a bronchial provocation test (Astograph) and pulmonary function tests were done in 25 patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and 18 patients with bronchial asthma (BA). We derived an index of airway reloxability from the effect of salbutamol after precontraction with inhaled methacholine. This index was the change in respiratory conductance (Grs) over time during inhalation of salbutamol (SGrs-d). It was computed as SGrd = delta Grs/delta t. Eighteen patients with MS (72%) showed bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to methacholine. The MS patients with BHR (MS(+)) had lower values of the ratio of the forced expiratory volume in one second to the forced vital capacity (FEV/FVC) and maximal expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity (V25) than MS patients without BHR (MS(-)). There was a significant correlation between V25 and the log cumulative dose producing a 35% decrease in respiratory conductance (PD35Grs) in MS(+). The mean log Dmin of MS(+) was significantly higher than that of the patients with BA (0.14 +/- 0.64 log units and -0.30 +/- 0.65 log units, p < 0.05, respectively). The mean log PD35Grs of MS(+) was also significantly higher than that of the patients with BA (1.09 +/- 0.53 log units and 0.45 +/- 0.66 log units, p < 0.01, respectively). Indices of relaxability (SGrs-d and SCrs-d/Grs-d) in MS(+) were significantly lower than in BA patients. Indices of hyperresponsiveness and relaxability were both significantly lower in patients with MS than in patients with BA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Albuterol↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical study of autologous blood transfusion in pregnant women].

The effect of autologous blood donation during the third trimester of pregnancy on the maternal circulation, the properties of blood collected in a phosplatebuffered citrate anticoagulant solution, and the clinical outcome of autologous blood donation and transfusion for pregnant women were investigated in this study. Thirty-four pregnant women with placenta previa or previous cesarean delivery underwent phlebotomies in an autologous transfusion program. Three hundred ml of blood was collected under the observation of fetal heart rate patterns and uterine contractions from 3 weeks prior to the planned date of cesarean section and a total of 900 ml of blood was stored. Electronic fetal monitoring tracings were all normal and changes in blood pressure and pulse rates were minimal during the blood donation. The decrease in hemoglobin after the removal of 900 ml of blood was only 0.6g/dl on average during the 3 weeks, since the concentration of erythropoietin in serum and the counts of reticlocyte increased in a few days after blood removal. But there were no significant changes in TAT levels in serum. Twelve out of 34 pregnant women received the autologous blood transfusion during or after cesarean delivery and the homologous transfusions were avoided. The results of this study suggested that autologous blood transfusion for pregnant women with a high incidence of blood loss at delivery, such as placenta previa or previous cesarean delivery was safe and advantageous in avoiding homologous blood transfusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical studies on cefozopran in pediatrics].

We conducted clinical studies on cefozopran (CZOP), a newly developed parenteral cephalosporin, for its clinical application in the field of pediatrics. 1. A clinical study was performed on 16 children with infections, including 9 with pneumonia, 1 each with acute bronchitis, enterocolitis, purulent lymphadenitis, 4 with skin and soft tissue infections. CZOP was administered by 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion. Doses varying from 20 to 35 mg/kg body weight were given t.i.d. Lengths of treatment ranged from 4 to 14 days. 2. Clinical efficacies were excellent in 10 and good in 6 cases, with an efficacy rate of 100%. The overall bacterial eradication rate for the pathogenic bacteria was also 100%. 3. Side effect was noted in 1 case with skin rash. Abnormal laboratory test data were found in 5 cases including slight elevations of GPT in 4 cases and GOT in 2 cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Bladder hernia associated with bladder diverticulum in a female].

A 77-year-old woman with a previous history of pelvic fracture had suffered from recurrent cystitis. In the excretory urography, post-void upright film revealed the bladder hernia associated with the bladder diverticulum. Transurethral incision and fulguration of the bladder diverticulum and left inguinal herniography was performed. There has been no recurrence since then.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Comparative effects of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II antagonist in Dahl rats.

The antihypertensive, cardioprotective, and renoprotective effects of a nonpeptide angiotensin II antagonist (AIIA, CV-11974) and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI, captopril) were compared in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Six-week-old male rats received a high-salt diet (4% NaCl) and were divided into control, CEI, and AIIA groups. The CEI group received captopril (15 mg/kg/day) and the AIIA group received CV-11974 (0.72 mg/kg/day), an active metabolite of the AIIA TCV-116, for 4 weeks by continuous subcutaneous infusion. After 4 weeks, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the control group. The heart weight/body weight ratio and urinary protein excretion were reduced in the treatment groups, and renal damage (glomerular sclerosis score) was reduced by approximately 50%. CV-11974 and captopril were comparable in reducing BP, cardiac hypertrophy, and renal damage, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin (R-A) system is involved in elevating BP and promoting cardiovascular damage, despite suppression of the R-A system in this model. The antihypertensive effect of CEI may be due primarily to inhibition of the action of angiotensin II, while other effects, e.g., potentiation of the kinin system, may be less important.

Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists↗
PubMed1994

Influence of HLA-DRB1 gene variation on the clinical course of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

PURPOSE: To investigate the difference, if any, in the immunogenetic backgrounds between two clinical subtypes of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH). METHODS: HLA-DR4 gene variations were investigated in 46 Japanese patients, 28 with the prolonged type and 18 with the nonprolonged type of VKH. HLA-DR4 genes were amplified with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then analyzed for its variation with single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in the DR4 gene variation in the two clinical subtypes. All the patients with the prolonged type had either the DRB1*0405 or DRB1*0410 variant, whereas 39% of the patients with the nonprolonged type had neither of them. This difference in frequency was statistically highly significant (P = 0.00059, Pc = 0.0041). DRB1*0405 was also more frequent in the prolonged type (93%) than in the nonprolonged type (56%) (P = 0.0044, Pc " 0.030). In the prolonged type, relative risk was highest for DRB1*0405/0410 (128), whereas in the nonprolonged type it was highest for DR4 (8.6). CONCLUSION: This preliminary study showed that DR4 gene variants differed significantly between the two subtypes of VKH, suggesting that the clinical course of VKH is determined partly by the patient's HLA-DR gene variation.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Reactivity of cerebral blood flow to carbon dioxide in hypertensive patients: evaluation by the transcranial Doppler method.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate hypertensive cerebral involvement before cerebrovascular accidents. DESIGN: Cerebral microvascular responses to changes in the arterial partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2; the CO2 reactivity) were compared among patients with different stages and severity of hypertensive disease. PATIENTS: Fifty-eight patients with hypertension, 11 with borderline hypertension, 15 hypertensives with cerebral infarction and 58 normotensive controls were studied. METHODS: The cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was determined by measuring simultaneously the end-tidal pCO2 and the blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery using transcranial Doppler sonography under hypocapnic, normocapnic and hypercapnic conditions. RESULTS: CO2 reactivity was impaired in the hypertensive patients compared with in the normotensive controls, but less so than in the symptomatic hemisphere of the hypertensive patients with cerebral infarction. The CO2 reactivity in the borderline hypertensive patients was greater than that in both the symptomatic and asymptomatic hemispheres of the hypertensive patients with cerebral infarction. In the subjects without cerebral infarction, two risk factors for cerebral atherosclerosis (age and hypertension) were negatively correlated with cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity. In the hypertensive patients age and the estimated duration of hypertension were negatively correlated with cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity. CO2 reactivity in the patients with hypertensive or arteriosclerotic retinopathy or ST-T changes on their electrocardiogram was impaired compared with that in the patients without such changes. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension affected the microvascular reactivity of the brain before the development of cerebrovascular accidents, and its effect varied dependently on the extent of involvement of other target organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

HLA class II genes in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

PURPOSE: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is an autoimmune disorder causing a bilateral diffuse granulomatous uveitis, often with several associated extraocular manifestations. Strong association of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) antigens with the disease has been documented. The details of all HLA class II genotypes were investigated in Japanese patients with VKH to demonstrate the immunogenetic background of the disease. METHODS: Human leukocyte antigen tissue typing was performed in 57 Japanese patients with VKH by the modified two-stage complement-dependent microcytotoxicity method. DNA analyses were done by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism and PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism methods. RESULTS: The frequencies of HLA-DR4 and HLA-DQ4 were 93% and 83% among the patients with VKH, compared with 43% and 32% among the controls, respectively (relative risks, 17.4 and 9.9; Pc < 1.0 x 10(-10)). At the genomic level, all patients had the HLA-DQA1*0301 genotype, which was present in only 67% of the normal controls (relative risk, 56.5; Pc < 1.0 x 10(-5)). With allelic combinations, -DQA1*0301/-DR4 showed the greatest relative risk ratio. Conversely, DQB1*0604 genotype was not detected among the patients. CONCLUSION: It can be postulated that VKH is a disease of combined allelic predisposition in which DQA1*0301 acts as the primary and HLA-DR4 acts as an additive factor in the development of the disease. Based on the negative association of DQB1*0604, we propose that DQB1*0604 provides considerable protection, possibly by altering other factors in the pathogenesis of VKH in the Japanese.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

[Omental pedicle flap for chronic empyema].

We have used the omental pedicle flap (OPF) method to treat 10 patients with chronic empyema secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Since 1987 they included 9 men and one woman ranging from 48 to 70 years in age. Two patients were required re-operation because of residual bronchopleural fistulas, and the additional procedures (muscle plombage and thoracoplasty) performed in order to close residual dead space produced more severe thoracic deformity and pulmonary dysfunction. In our first successful case, complete thoracoplasty combined with the OPF method also produced pulmonary dysfunction. On the other hand, thoracic deformity was avoided in 3 other patients and 4 patients without thoracoplasty showed better pulmonary function postoperatively. A comparison of the re-operated patients with the successful cases highlighted two important points regarding the OPF method. One is the need for firm fixation of the OPF to a fistula. We usually place a muscular pedicle flap over the OPF, and add limited thoracoplasty as necessary. The other important point is the control of infection. Open window thoracostomy before the OPF method is effective in patients with active infection. The OPF method is an effective radical operation for severe empyema even when residual dead space is present, and it can also be applied to patients with poor pulmonary function.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Relation between the clinical course of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 subtypes].

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease (VKH) is an autoimmune disorder affecting melanocyte-containing tissues. VKH is strongly related to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4, a heterogeneous HLA specificity consisting of at least 12 different genotypes. The disease has two types: prolonged and non-prolonged, depending upon the clinical course. Fifty-four Japanese patients comprising 27 with the prolonged type, 15 with the non-prolonged type, and 12 new cases of VKH were included in this study. Ninety-three percent of the patients with all types had HLA-DR4. All 27 patients with the prolonged type had either the DRB1*0405 or *0410 genotype, and the non-prolonged type included two DR4-negative and four DRB1*0405 and *0410 negative patients. Our results indicate that the clinical course of VKH is determined partly by the patient's HLA genotype.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Combination chemotherapy with Tegafur. Uracil (UFT), etoposide, adriamycin and cisplatinum (UFT-EAP) for advanced gastric cancer.

Thirty-four patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy employing Tegafur-Uracil (UFT), etoposide, Adriamycin, and Cisplatinum (CDDP) (UFT-EAP therapy). An objective partial response was obtained in 16 patients (47%) and the median duration of remission was 12.2 months. The 50% survival time for all 34 patients was 10 months. Patients with moderately or well differentiated adenocarcinoma responded well (13/19, 68%), while those with undifferentiated adenocarcinoma showed a poor response (3/15, 20%). Six responding patients were noted to have no evidence of viable cancer at the primary site by endoscopic biopsy, and underwent gastrectomies. The resected specimens showed complete disappearances of the primary tumors in four patients. The median survival time for the patients receiving gastrectomies was 24 months. The regimen was very well tolerated, apart from moderate bone marrow suppression. Our results suggest that patients with advanced gastric cancer can be effectively treated with UFT-EAP chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗