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Biomedical subjects

H Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to H Maeda.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Relationship between respiratory muscle strength and lean body mass in men with COPD.

It has been suggested that low body weight may be associated with decreased respiratory muscle function in COPD, but the precise mechanism is not known. Since body compositional change inevitably accompanies body weight change, we decided to study the possible relationship between respiratory muscle strength and body composition in patients with COPD. We studied respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and body composition in 24 Japanese male patients with COPD. Patients were divided into two groups according to their body weight (group A, body weight lower than 80% of ideal body weight vs group B, 80% or more) and a comparison was made together with age-matched controls (group C). Maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) and maximal expiratory mouth pressure (PEmax) were measured by a previously reported method. Body compositional analysis was performed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; Norland XR26). It showed significantly lower fat body mass (FAT), FAT/body weight%, and lean body mass (LEAN) in group A than those in group B. The PImax in group A was significantly lower than that in group B and C (44.2 +/- 13.8, 76.4 +/- 29.9, and 88.6 +/- 18.1 cm H2O, respectively). PEmax in group A was also significantly lower than that in group B and group C (61.9 +/- 20.1, 86.7 +/- 26.8, and 90.4 +/- 17.6 cm H2O, respectively). Both PImax and PEmax were significantly correlated with LEAN (r = 0.656, r = 0.591, p < 0.01, respectively) in patients with COPD. These results show that respiratory muscle strength is closely associated with body weight and lean body mass in patients with COPD. The present approach to compare respiratory muscle strength with lean body mass should be useful for studying the mechanism of respiratory muscle weakness in patients with COPD.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1995

Reliability of the probability effect on event-related potentials during repeated testing.

The reliability of event-related potentials (ERPs) was studied in 10 healthy adults who were tested 8 times over 7-10 day intervals using a standard auditory oddball paradigm. The difference waveforms, obtained by subtracting the averaged waveforms for frequent trials from those obtained in rare trials, were designed to analyze the components of the ERPs, such as the P300, and to focus on the reliability of the probability effect on the ERPs. The between-session reliability (8 sessions) and the within-session reliability (order of blocks or of different visual procedures) were computed for the obtained difference waveforms. The between-session reliabilities, expressed as the intraclass correlations (r') for the P300 amplitude, area and latency, were 0.70, 0.61 and 0.65, respectively. The within-session reliability, presented as the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) for the three P300 measures were 0.43, 0.35 and 0.25 for different eyes. The values were 0.45, 0.39, 0.42 between the first and the second blocks (eyes-open) and 0.58, 0.47 and 0.29 (eyes-closed). These findings indicate that the P300 amplitude calculated from the difference waveforms may be the most stable marker for the between-session reliabilities. There were no significant differences in the P300 measures over the 8 sessions, suggesting that habituation may not occur with the difference waveform reflecting the probability effect on ERPs. The difference waveform may be useful in research on repetitive group ERPs.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Tuberculous spondylitis after intravesical BCG instillation: a case report].

We report a case of tuberculous spondylitis after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation. A 71-year-old man was administered BCG (80 mg per week) for 8 weeks for prophylactic treatment of bladder cancer. After the first instillation he experienced miction pain, pollakisuria, and febrile episodes. Two months after the completion of BCG instillation, he complained to back pain and spinal X-ray showed a lytic lesion of Th7 vertebra. Diagnosis of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma was made based on MRI and bone scan. But pathological findings at laminectomy revealed tuberculous spondylitis. Antituberculous therapy (SM, RFP, and INH) was instituted and anterior supine fusion was performed. Now he is free from bladder cancer and tuberculous infection. Intravesical BCG instillation is effective for superficial bladder cancer, but it should be kept in mind that complications related to this treatment could occur and the adequate antituberculosis treatment has to be insisted if indicated.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1995

[Primary retroperitoneal pure choriocarcinoma].

A thirty-year-old clerk presented with a history of left supraclavicular lymph node swelling of a month duration and newly detected multiple lung and mediastinal tumors. Abdominal computed tomography showed two retroperitoneal masses, but no abnormality in both testes was found by physical and ultrasonographic examination. Biopsy of supraclavicular lymph nodes revealed pure choriocarcinoma. Furthermore, beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin was elevated up to 700 ng/ml but alfafetoprotein was normal, resulting in the diagnosis of primary retroperitoneal pure choriocarcinoma. Two cycles of combination chemotherapy with etoposide (VP-16), ifosfamide and cisplatin (VIP) was given and followed by bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) (2 cycles) because of cystitis symptom due to ifosfamide. Since post chemotherapeutic evaluation revealed only partial response, we surgically removed all residual masses in the lung, mediastinum and retroperitoneum, which histologically proved to be necrotic fibrous tissue. He has remained disease-free 15 months after surgery without additional therapy. In order to improve prognosis of primary retroperitoneal pure choriocarcinoma, intense chemotherapeutic regimen like VIP should be given, regularly repeated and followed by aggressive surgical resection of residual masses.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[A case of miliary tuberculosis with skull tuberculosis].

A 47-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of headache and right occipital swelling. Brain CT scan showed right occipital bone defect with a sequestrum and soft tissue swelling. T1 weighted MRI enhanced by GD-DTPA revealed several nodules. A right occipital craniotomy was performed. Subcutaneous pus and a well-circumscribed yellowish, firm mass which existed under the bone defect was extirpated. Pathologically, this mass was considered to be a tuberculoma and intracranial nodules were suspected to be cerebral tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculous therapy was started. Since her admission fecal occult blood continued and endoscopic examination with biopsy revealed sigmoid colon cancer. Sigmoidectomy was performed and she has been well during 1 year post-operative follow up. Although tuberculous disease are decreasing in number in our country, we must take into account of the existence of skull tuberculosis.

Female↗
PubMed1995

[Leiomyosarcoma of the prostate: a case report of remission for 9 years by radiotherapy].

A 68-year-old-man with chief complaints of pollakisuria and lower abdominal discomfort was referred to our hospital on September 19, 1983. A histopathological study of the transrectal needle biopsy specimens revealed a malignant tumor of the prostate with spindle-shaped cells. The patient had been considerably improved by radiotherapy. However, 9 years later, the tumor recurred and the histopathological study showed the same findings as the initial biopsy and furthermore the recurrent tumor was diagnosed as a leiomyosarcoma of the prostate by immunohistochemical stain. He was unresponsive to chemotherapy and died 11 years after initial diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[HLA-DR2 alleles and uveitis in leprosy].

In order to investigate the role of immunogenetic factors in the pathogenesis of uveitis in leprosy, HLA antigens were analyzed between the leprotics with and without uveitis. Sixty-five Japanese leprosy patients comprised 32 with uveitis and 33 without uveitis. Controls consisted of 138 healthy subjects. A lymphocyte cytotoxicity test was used for typing HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR and -DQ antigens. HLA-DR2 genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. The frequency of HLA-DR2 antigen was significantly increased in the patients with uveitis as compared with the control subjects (Pc < 0.0005), whereas HLA-DR53 antigen was significantly decreased (Pc < 0.05). At the genomic level the frequency of HLA-DRB1*1501 was significantly increased in the patients with uveitis and without uveitis as compared with that in the controls. The association with DRB1*1501 was even stronger in patients with uveitis (odds ratio = 7.1, Pc < 0.000005) than in the patients without uveitis (odds ratio = 4.1, Pc < 0.005). Our results suggest that HLA-DRB1*1501 contribute to the susceptibility to uveitis in the Japanese with leprosy.

Alleles↗
PubMed1995

[High tissue concentration of 5-FU reduced local recurrence after administration of tegafur suppositories].

Forty-two patients with head and neck cancer were treated with tegafur suppository for 7 days preoperatively and clinical value of this treatment was assessed. In a group which indicated tumor tissue concentrations of 5-FU were more than 0.5 micrograms/g, local recurrence decreased in the period of postoperative observation for 42 months. A survival rate of this group was better than others. From these results, preoperative tegafur suppository treatment seemed to have a role in expectation of improvement of local control in head and neck cancer therapy.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1995

[Bilateral testicular Leydig cell tumor with adrenocortical adenoma: a case report].

A case of bilateral testicular Leydig cell tumor with left adrenocortical adenoma in a 27-year-old male is presented. He underwent bilateral radical orchiectomy, and was diagnosed with a malignant Leydig cell tumor. Computed tomography revealed left adrenal mass and primary adrenal tumor or metastatic malignant Leydig cell tumor was suspected. Left adrenalectomy was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was adrenal cortical adenoma. The adrenal cortex and testicle are of common mesodermal origin and the histologic pattern may overlap. Examination of the adrenal gland is necessary for patients with testicular Leydig cell tumor. We review and briefly discuss a case recently reported in Japan.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1995

[Bone mineral content in patients with bronchial asthma].

To study the factors related to bone mineral content (BMC) in patients with bronchial asthma (BA), we measured BMC of the whole body, bone mineral density (BMD) in the second, third, and fourth lumbar vertebrae (by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA XR-26, Norland), and pulmonary function in patients with BA. Subjects were 103 patients with BA and 194 age-matched normal controls. There was no significant difference in BMC or BMD between patients with BA and controls. In patients with BA, there was no significant difference in BMC or BMD between those who were taking steroids and those who were not. BMC and BMD were significantly correlated with age, body weight, VC, %VC, and FEV1, but not with the duration of steroid administration or the total steroid dose administered. These results suggest that patients with BA have normal BMC and that steroid administration does not affect bone mineral loss in such patients.

Asthma↗
PubMed1995

[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis presenting with infected bulla].

A case of pulmonary tuberculosis manifested as infected bulla complicating with tuberculous pneumonia is reported. A 63-year-old male visited our hospital because of chest X-ray abnormality detected by his home doctor. He complained of pyrexia and productive cough. Chest X-ray showed large bulla with air-fluid level, associated with surrounding infiltration at right upper lobe. On the diagnosis of infected bulla empirical antibiotic therapy was started on out-patient basis and continued after admission, but chest X-ray findings worsened, although subjective symptoms were once relieved. Surgical intervention was recommended, but after short interval pulmonary infiltrates rapidly worsened and expanded to other lobes. Sputum was reexamined and Mycobacterium, later proved as Mycobacterium tuberculosis with DNA probe method, was detected in the sputum specimen. Anti-mycobacterial drugs were administered and subjective symptoms, laboratory, and chest X-ray findings improved. Infected bulla caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare, but when it is resistant to common empirical therapy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis should be considered as one of its causative agents.

Blister↗
PubMed1995

Single photon emission computed tomography to determine effective hepatic blood flow and intrahepatic shunting.

The noninvasive determination of effective hepatic blood flow, intrahepatic shunted blood flow, intrahepatic shunt index, and total hepatic blood flow was investigated by using the sequential single photon emission computed tomography. This method was performed for a period of 10 minutes following an intravenous injection of 99mTc-(Sn)-N-pyridoxyl-5-methyltryptophan and a venous blood sampling. This study comprised 8 healthy volunteers, 16 patients with chronic hepatitis, and 33 patients with liver cirrhosis. The intrahepatic shunt index measured with this method coincided with the intrahepatic shunt index determined by catheterization, indicating the high reliability of this procedure. The effective hepatic blood flow in patients with liver cirrhosis was significantly lower than that in the healthy controls and the chronic hepatitis group. The intrahepatic shunted blood flow was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with the flow in healthy controls. The intrahepatic shunt index was also significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis compared with the index of healthy controls and those with chronic hepatitis. No substantial differences were noted in the total hepatic blood flow among the three groups. The effective hepatic blood flow, the intrahepatic shunted blood flow, and the intrahepatic shunt index, correlated with the serum albumin concentration, the serum cholinesterase level, and the plasma indocyanine green attenuation rate. From these results, it was concluded that the present procedure constitutes a reliable and effective method for the noninvasive determination of hepatic blood flows. Consequently, it will be of high clinical value for assessing the functional and the pathological alterations of the liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The control of tuberculosis patients: the current situation and perspective in Japan].

In Japan, Incidence and Death rate of tuberculosis were decreased marvelously after World War II, because of complete TB control system. But, the system are constructed to be adapted to high incidence, so it should be improved to be suitable for present situation. In Tokyo, average period of TB therapy are 10.2 month, and default rate is only 2.8%. But, default cases have severe social risk factors. Besides, this statistics cannot be collected with present TB surveillance system. Then there are some problems to improve the system. 1. How to cope with high risk patient. 2. How to evaluate the effect of TB control. 3. How to cope with default case. 4. How to consist comprehensive community TB control system. To solve these problems, 5 measures are suggested. 1. Establish systems to evaluate the quality of TB control. 2. Improvement of the technology to support patients from a viewpoint of health promotion. 3. Strengthening cooperation between hospitals and health centers. 4. Integration TB control to comprehensive community health care system. As same as TB control system made the basis of health care system in Japan, improvement of TB control system will be contribute to the progress of public health system in Japan.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluation of AMI-25 enhanced MR imaging and enhanced helical CT for liver tumors].

To evaluate the diagnostic capability of superparamagnetic iron oxide enhanced MRI and enhanced helical CT, 17 patients with histologically or clinically diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic liver tumor and a total of 208 nodules were studied. The pulse sequences used were SE 500/20 (T1WI), SE 2000/20 (PDWI) and SE 2000/70 (T2WI). Contrast medium was administrated intravenously for more than 30 minutes at a dose of 10 mumoles Fe/kg. Enhanced MR images were obtained 30-90 minutes after the injection of contrast medium. With helical CT, 133 nodules were detected. With unenhanced MRI, 62 were detected on T1WI, 60 on PDWI and 77 on T2WI. On the other hand, with enhanced MRI, 165 were detected on T1WI, 190 on PDWI and 186 on T2WI. Enhanced MRI revealed the most nodules among these images (P < 0.05), and was especially effective in detecting small nodules less than 10 mm in diameter (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it was considered that superparamagnetic iron oxide enhanced MRI was useful for the detection of hepatic nodules and that the most adequate pulse sequence was PDWI.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[HLA and uveitis in leprosy].

In order to investigate the role of immunogenetic factors in the pathogenesis of uveitis in leprosy, human leukocyte antigens (HLA) were analyzed among leprotics with and without uveitis. The subjects were 85 Japanese leprosy patients, 44 with uveitis and 41 without uveitis. Controls were 138 healthy subjects. A modified two-stage complement dependent microcytotoxicity test was used for typing HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR and -DQ antigens. The occurrence of HLA-DR2 antigen was significantly increased in patients as a whole (69.4%), and in the patients with uveitis (79.5%) as compared with the control subjects (35.5%). The association with DR2 was even stronger in the patients with uveitis (odds ratio = 7.1, Pc < 0.000005) than in the patients as a whole (odds ratio = 4.1, Pc < 0.0001). On the other hand, HLA-DR53 antigen was significantly decreased in the patients as a whole (43.5%) and in the patients with uveitis (36.4%) as compared with the control subjects (69.6%). No significant difference in the distribution of HLA antigens was observed in the patients without uveitis. Our results suggest that HLA-DR2 contributes to the susceptibility to uveitis in Japanese leprosy patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Medical care of AIDS patients by hospitals in Tokyo].

An anonymous questionnaire survey was performed in 1991 in all 749 hospitals in Tokyo, by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government's Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Research Team, to collect information relating to hospital services for persons with AIDS or HIV infection. The response rate was 61%. The following results were obtained: 1) Sixty-five hospitals (14%) had seen persons with AIDS or HIV infection. Hospitals with a greater number of beds had more experience in seeing persons with AIDS or HIV infection. Thirty-four hospitals (7%) provided outpatient services for patients with AIDS or HIV infection, and 30 hospitals (7%) had the facilities for inpatients. Three hundred forty-seven hospitals (78%) were capable of HIV antibody tests. Ninety-one hospitals (20%) had organized training courses for hospital workers to prevent HIV infection. Two hundred eight hospitals (46%) expressed preference that persons with AIDS or HIV infection be treated at public (non-private) hospitals. 2) The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a hospital's acceptance of persons with AIDS or HIV infection for diagnosis or treatment was significantly related to past experience in seeing persons with AIDS or HIV infection, availability of an examination room that protects privacy of patients, presence of a department of internal medicine, and awareness of the availability of special AIDS counselor dispatch services by the Tokyo metropolitan government.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Identification of human skeletal remains with a mandibular static bone cavity by comparison between ante- and post-mortem dental orthopantomograms: a case report.

We report a case of human skeletal remains in which a mandibular static bone cavity noted in a dental orthopantomogram assisted the positive identification. Unknown totally skeletonized human remains were found on a bushy slope of a hill. In the pockets of the clothing, there were a wooden seal, on which a family name was inscribed, and two cigarette lighters bearing the name of a bank. The body was identified as a male, about 50 years old. The estimated time elapsed since death was about six months to one year. No evidence of trauma was found in the clothing and the bones. The possible cause of death was due to poisoning from ingestion of bromvalerylurea (hypnotics). From the family name inscribed on the seal and the name of a bank on the cigarette lighters, the police investigation caught a missing man of 46 years old, who had last been seen alive about 6 months before. A dental orthopantomogram taken about 2 years before his disappearance was available for comparison. Eighteen days after recovery positive identification was practically accomplished based on unique features of the dental findings and a fairly rare, mandibular static bone cavity (a kind of bone cysts) by a X-ray comparison.

Bone Cysts↗