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Biomedical subjects

H Maeda

Publications and source records attributed to H Maeda.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

A clinical evaluation of blood pressure through non-invasive measurement using the oscillometric procedure in conscious dogs.

The oscillometric procedure was used to measure the heart rate as well as the systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures of 152 dogs (102 in the control group, 13 in the group with renal disease, 37 in the group with heart disease) who were brought to Azabu University of Veterinary Teaching Hospital. It was demonstrated that the blood pressure and heart rate of the control group lowered and tended to become stable as the number of measurements increased. No appreciable difference was identified in the measurements of either blood pressure or heart rate in the forelimbs and tail head. With regard to gender, males showed a significantly higher value than females (p < 0.05). No interaction was identified between age and blood pressure. No difference was identified in the heart rate in all groups. In an investigation of blood pressure in all groups, the renal disease group showed significantly higher values (p < 0.05) than either the control or the heart disease group in all values of systolic, mean and diastolic pressures. These results indicated that dogs with renal disease can manifest hypertension.

Aging↗
PubMed1997

Host defensive, immunological, and microbiological observations of an early-onset periodontitis patient with virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.

Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) is a disorder characterized by benign generalized histiocytic proliferation and marked hemophagocytosis associated with systemic viral infection. An immunodeficiency which includes an extremely decreased leukocyte and platelet count together with abnormalities in the CD4/CD8 ratio are the most common features of VAHS. Here we report an early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patient with VAHS from the standpoint of host-parasite interaction to understand the effect of this systemic disorder which might possibly influence susceptibility to periodontal disease. The patient is a 16-year-old Japanese male clinically diagnosed as having generalized EOP with slight gingival inflammation and moderate bone loss. This patient manifested VAHS at 3 years of age, and then had an unusual 4 recurrences (at 5, 7, 11, and 14 years old). Laboratory tests conducted include: 1) complete blood analyses: 2) peripheral neutrophil functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, superoxide production, and adherence); 3) peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and functions, T-cell proliferative activity and productivity of cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], interferon gamma [IFN-gamma], and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha]); 4) serum cytokine levels (IL-1 beta, IL-2, soluble IL-2 receptor [sIL-2R], IL-4, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha; 5) serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against periodontopathic bacteria; 6) serological human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing; and 7) determination of bacterial flora of the periodontal pockets. The results indicated that the patient's neutrophil chemotaxis and random migration were below the normal range. In lymphocyte examinations, T-cell proliferative activity, IL-2, and IFN-gamma productivity were elevated. Serum IFN-gamma level was also significantly higher than normal range. No specific periodontopathic bacteria were predominant in the periodontal pockets, however, the serum IgG titer against Porphyromonas gingivalis was elevated throughout the examination period. It is suggested that VAHS might be a possible risk factor for periodontal disease, and hence may serve as a model in understanding the role of host defense mechanisms in the establishment of inflammatory periodontal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Relationship between changes of bone mineral content and twelve-minute walking distance in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a longitudinal study.

Cross-sectional studies have revealed that bone mass is reduced in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To elucidate the factors influencing bone mass in COPD, we measured whole body bone mineral content (BMC) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), pulmonary function, and twelve-minute walking distance (TMD) in men with COPD, who had been monitored for at least one year. We studied the body composition in 22 male patients with COPD and 19 age-matched male controls (age 72.6 +/- 7.2 vs 67.5 +/- 10.1 years, mean +/- SD). COPD patients showed a significantly lower body weight (49.3 +/- 5.7 vs 57.9 +/- 3.5 kg, respectively), body mass index (18.9 +/- 2.1 vs 22.1 +/- 1.3 kg/m2) and BMC (1.9 +/- 0.4 vs 2.2 +/- 0.4 kg) than controls. The changes in BMC were significantly correlated with TMD (r=0.53, p<0.02). These results demonstrate that decreased exercise capacity, at least in part, accounts for acceleration of bone mass loss in COPD patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Synthesis of monoesters of pyrroloquinoline quinone and imidazopyrroloquinoline, and radical scavenging activities using electron spin resonance in vitro and pharmacological activity in vivo.

Monoesters with the ester groups at C-2 of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and C-9 of imidazopyrroloquinoline (IPQ) were synthesized, and radical scavenging activities of coenzyme PQQ, IPQ compounds synthesized from PQQ and various amino acids, and monoesters of PQQ and IPQ were studied in vitro and in vivo. PQQ and PQQ monoesters had strong radical scavenging activity using ESR in in vitro experiments. The IC50 value for superoxide (O2-) was from 1 to 6 x 10(-8) M and that for the hydroxy radical (.OH) was from 4 to 6 x 10(-5) M. IPQ compounds and IPQ monoesters also showed radical scavenging activity. These compounds prevented injury during in vivo experiments, such as hydrocortisone-induced cataracts, endotoxin shock and CCl4-induced liver injury (isolated hepatocytes and rats). Especially, the monoesters of PQQ and IPQ prevented liver injury in rats equally by oral or intraperitoneal administration. These results suggest that PQQ functions as a radical scavenging factor in addition to being a cofactor of quinoprotein enzymes, and monoesters with the ester groups at C-2 of PQQ and C-9 of IPQ are developed as treatment or preventive medicine for disease caused by radical compounds on the basis of strong radical scavenging activities, absorbability into cells, toxicity, safety and chemical stability.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

Occurrence of dermatitis in rats fed a cholesterol diet containing field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.).

The effects of dietary field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) powder on lipid components were studied in rats fed a 20% casein diet with or without cholesterol (0.5% cholesterol and 0.15% sodium cholate) for 14 days. The ingestion of 0.4% or 4% Equisetum arvense L. powder did not influence food intake or growth. However, a cholesterol diet with Equisetum arvense L. at 4% caused dermatitis at the neck, head and back in about 20-65% of the rats. This dermatitis was reversed when the diet was changed to commercial pellets. There were no apparent effects on serum or liver lipids in the rats fed Equisetum arvense L. irrespective of dietary cholesterol. Serum IgE levels measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay revealed that the induction of IgE may not necessarily be involved in the dermatitis caused by the intake of Equisetum arvense L. These results suggest that the ingestion of large amounts of Equisetum arvense L. as cooking material is not recommended for those with a cholesterol-rich diet.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Intrarenal bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for carcinoma in situ of the upper urinary tract].

PURPOSE: We performed intrarenal bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the upper urinary tract. Its efficacy and safety are evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eight patients (6 men and 2 women, median age of 63.7 years) diagnosed as upper urinary tract carcinoma in situ were studied. One had bilateral upper urinary tract CIS. Thus, 9 units of upper urinary tract were treated with BCG instillation. Diagnostic criteria of upper urinary tract CIS were: 1. positive voided urinary cytology, 2. negative multiple random biopsy of the bladder and the prostatic urethra, 3. negative radiographic studies, 4. two serial positive cytologies in selective ipsilateral urine sampling. The BCG solution was administered weekly by retrograde ureteral catheterization under local anesthesia and instillation during one hour. Second course instillation was performed when 1st course was not effective. RESULTS: Of 9 renal units 7 (78%) had normalization of the urinary cytology at the end of the 1st course BCG therapy. One patient with CIS of the bilateral upper tract had negative cytology of the unilateral unit, and underwent the contralateral nephroureterectomy because of persistent positive urinary cytology and coincidental renal cell carcinoma. One patient did not have negative cytology even after three courses of BCG instillation and is now under observation. During the procedure, high fever and bladder irritative symptom were observed in 6 out of the 8 patients (75%) and 4 (50%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although longer followup and further experience with intrarenal BCG are required, this treatment is considered to be effective and safe for upper tract CIS.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Correlation between bone metabolic markers and bone scan in prostatic cancer.

PURPOSE: We examined the correlation between bone metabolic markers and bone scintigraphy in prostatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoblastic and osteoclastic markers, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and bone scans were investigated in 83 specimens from 70 patients with prostatic cancer, including 32 with and 38 without bone metastasis. RESULTS: All markers except for osteocalcin were significantly greater in patients with than without bone metastasis. Pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide, an osteoclastic marker, reflected the extent of bone metastasis more accurately than PSA and other bone markers. CONCLUSIONS: Pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide might assist PSA and bone scintigraphy in monitoring metastatic bone activity of prostatic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Myelogenous leukemia in children. ANLL9205 study by Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG)].

Treatment results were evaluated in 45 children with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) treated on the ANLL-9205 protocol of the Children's Cancer Leukemia Study Group (CCLSG, Japan). In this protocol, terarubicin (THP-ADR), vincristine and continuous infusion of cytosine arabinoside (Ara C) were applied for remission induction therapy (AVC), and VP16+ high dose Ara C were used sequentially for 32 or 48 weeks. Eleven patients received stem cell transplantation. Thirty-eight out of the 43 eligible patients (88.4%) achieved complete remission, and the overall 3-year event-free survival (EFS) was 55.6% (S.E.,10%). This favorable response was attributed mainly to the high induction rate of patients with the M5, M7 FAB subtypes and higher WBC counts (> or = 10 x 10(9)/L). There was no difference in the 3-year EFS of these patients who discontinued treatment between 32 weeks and 48 weeks. Serious toxicities were not observed in this study. These findings suggest that the ANLL-9205 protocol is an effective and safe treatment regimen for childhood AML. When comparing the treatment period of 32 or 48 weeks, the difference was not statistically significant.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of topical carteolol on visual function in normal-tension glaucoma].

The effects of carteolol hydrochloride on visual function in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) were investigated. 22eyes of NTG patients were divided into two groups, i.e., (1) a group receiving topical application of 2% carteolol hydrochloride b.i.d. and 2 an unmedicated group. During a 18 month period, intraocular pressure and visual field (measured by Humphrey automated perimetry) were measured every 3 months, and the measurements obtained in the two groups were compared. Analysis of the results revealed a considerable reduction in intraocular pressure in the carteolol group as compared with the control group. The progression of mean deviation tended to be less in the carteolol group, but the intergroup difference in this respect was not statistically significant. However, increase in corrected pattern standard deviation was clearly less pronounced in the carteolol group than in the control group. These results supported the conclusion that carteolol is effective in inhibiting deterioration of the local visual field. This is attributed to increased ocular perfusion due to diminished intraocular pressure, as well as an inhibitory effect upon vasoconstriction in the optic nerve head due to intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, preventing decrease in papillary blood flow and adverse effects upon ocular circulation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1997

[Ornithine induced retinopathy in the rat--1. Histopathological study on the retinal pigment epithelium].

An intravitreal injection of a small amount of 1-ornithine hydrochloride damages the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) selectively in monkey eyes. In this paper, we examined the rat eye and observed similar results. Clinically, retinal edema appeared immediately after injection and showed hyperfluorescence on a fluorescein angiograph after 3 days. Histopathologically, RPE showed marked swelling 3 hours after injection, then became necrotic and disappeared gradually. One month after injection, retinal structure was maintained in the area where RPE regenerated to cover Bruch's membrane, but in the area where RPE cells disappeared, the photoreceptor cells and choriocapillaris degenerated and finally disappeared. In the eyes injected intravitreally with NaCl solution of equivalent osmosis microvacuoles were seen but no necrotic change in RPE. Thus, a small amount of ornithine damaged RPE selectively, and induced disappearance of the photoreceptors and choriocapillaris secondarily.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Human leukocyte antigens and episcleritis in leprosy (Hansen's disease)].

Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) were analyzed in Japanese leprosy patients to ascertain whether immunogenetic differences exist between leprosy patients with episcleritis (ES) and those without it. The subjects were 79 Japanese leprosy patients, including 33 patients with a past history of ES, and 49 patients without ES. Controls were 114 healthy subjects. A standard microcytotoxicity test was used for typing HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR and -DQ antigens. HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genotypings were performed by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. The occurrence of HLA-Cw3 was significantly greater in the patients with ES (66.7%) than in those without ES (43.5%; odds ratio = 2.6, p < 0.05). The occurrence of HLA-DR4 was significantly lesser in the patients with ES (15.2%) than in those without ES (39.1%; odds ratio = 0.28, p < 0.05) and the controls (46.5%; odds ratio = 0.21, p < 0.005). At the genomic level, the occurrence of HLA-DRB1*0405, DQB1*0401, and DQB1*0302 was significantly lesser in the patients with ES (0%, 0% and 6.1%, respectively) than in those without ES (15.2%, 13.0%, and 26.1%, respectively; odds ratio = 0.07, 0.09 and 0.18, p < 0.05). HLA-DRB1*0405 and DQB1*0401 were also significantly lesser in the patients with ES than in the controls (29.8% and 29.8%; odds ratio = 0.04, p < 0.0001). Our results suggest that HLA-Cw3 causes susceptibility to episcleritis in Japanese patients with leprosy, whereas DR4 (DRB1*0405), DQB1*0401, and DQB1*0302 provide some protection against leprous episcleritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Ornithine induced retinopathy in rat--2. Process of disappearance of choriocapillaris].

We observed the process of disappearance of the choriocapillaris after loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) induced by intravitreal injection or ornithine. Three hours after administration of ornithine, the RPE cells swelled remarkably in the posterior pole, but, the endothelial cells of the choriocapillaris remained intact. At 3 days, the RPE cells became necrotic, but the choriocapillaris still preserved its in normal appearance. At 7 days, RPE disappeared completely in the posterior pole and the choriocapillaris displayed evidence of atrophy; the swollen lumen of the choriocapillaris became narrow the cytoplasm of the endothelium was swollen, and the number of fenestrae was reduced. On the other hand, these changes were not seen where the RPE remained. At 14 days, in the posterior pole, the lumen of the choriocapillaris occluded by the swollen endothelial cells. At 28 days, the choriocapillaris completely disappeared and the large choroidal vessel was directly in contact with Bruch's membrane. These results showed that the RPE is correlated with the presence of the choriocapillaris.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Two cases of adenosquamous cell carcinoma of advanced cervical cancer treated by carboplatin-based chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell autotransplant].

In two cases with adenosquamous cell carcinoma of advanced cervical cancer, carboplatin-based chemotherapy was given intraarterially from the internal iliac artery as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) were harvested. After the operation, conventional intravenous chemotherapy with PBSC autotransplant was performed. PBSCs were mobilized by neoadjuvant chemotherapy and G-CSF administration. By the apheresis procedures, 0.7-2.6 x 10(6)/kg CD34 positive cells were obtained. They had no severe side effects from intravenous chemotherapy with PBSCT, and they were free of disease 20 months. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and G-CSF administration may be capable of mobilization of PBSCs, and chemotherapy with PBSCT may be useful in radioresistant advanced adenosquamous carcinoma of the cervical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Three cases of primary lung cancer unexpectedly discovered during the operation of pneumothorax].

It is well known that emphysematous bulla is thought to be often associated with lung cancer. However, it is very rare that lung cancer predisposing to pneumothorax as initial manifestation. We performed surgical operations of four hundred and one cases of spontaneous pneumothorax, and discovered three cases of lung cancer during the operation. However, these three cases occupied the 30% of the patients with pneumothorax who were older than 65 years. The two of them were adenocarcinomas which were situated in the wall of bullae, but did not perforated the bullous wall. The other one was squamous cell carcinoma which was apart from the bullous lesion. This shows that we should always be careful of the associated lung cancer when we care elderly patients with pneumothorax.

Adenocarcinoma↗