PURPOSE: We studied the efficacy of eyedrops as local ocular immunotherapy against experimental allergic conjunctivitis. METHODS: Guinea pigs were sensitized with an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OA). Three weeks after the sensitization, a low concentration (10 microg/mL) of OA eyedrops was administered once a day for 3 weeks. Six weeks after the sensitization, an allergic inflammation was provoked with 20 mg/mL of OA eyedrops. RESULTS: In conjunctival clinical scores 30 minutes after the allergen challenge, there was no significant difference between the controls and the treated group. The total number of inflammatory cells in the conjunctiva 8 hours after the allergen challenge was significantly decreased in the treated group (60.8 +/- 23.2 cells/field) compared with the control group (199.1 +/- 83.4 cells/field). Eosinophils in the conjunctiva 24 hours after the allergen challenge were also significantly decreased in the treated group (22.1 +/- 15.5 cells/field) compared with the control group (50.3 +/- 15.0 cells/field). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, local ocular immunotherapy mainly suppressed the late phase reaction of allergic inflammation. These results coincide with previous studies of immunotherapy in which a subcutaneous injection was used. Local ocular immunotherapy is effective against experimental allergic conjunctivitis.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and antiviral activities of 5-substituted 1-(2-deoxy-2-C-methylene-4-thio-beta-D-ertythro-pentofuranosyl)uracils.

Various 5-substituted 1-(2-deoxy-2-C-methylene-4-thio-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)uracils (4'-thioDMDUs) were synthesized from D-glucose via sila-Pummerer-type glycosylation. All of the beta-anomers of 5-substituted 4'-thioDMDU, except the 5-hydroxyethyl derivative, showed potent anti-HSV-1 activity (ED50 = 0.016-0.096 microgram/mL). 5-Ethyl- and 5-iodo-4'-thioDMDUs were also active against HSV-2 (ED50 = 0.17 and 0.86 microgram/mL, respectively). 5-Bromovinyl-4'-thioDMDU was particularly active against VZV (ED50 = 0.013 microgram/mL).

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Synthetic studies on 2'-substituted-4'-thiocytidine derivatives as antineoplastic agents.

As potential antineoplastic agents, we have synthesized 4'-thioFAC and 4'-thiocytarazid by developing an alternative synthetic method. 4'-ThioFAC showed potent antineoplastic activities in vivo as well as in vitro.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Spondylolysis of the axis. Report of four cases.

Spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis of the cervical spine, especially of the upper cervical spine, is very rare. The authors report four cases of spondylolysis of the axis and outline its roentgenographic features for differential diagnosis. The clinical course of the cases and the unvarying roentgenographic findings throughout the course strongly suggest that the lesion is congenital in origin.

Adult↗