Biomedical subjects

H Machida

Publications and source records attributed to H Machida.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Complete avulsion of the papilla of Vater and gastroduodenal artery due to blunt abdominal trauma: report of a case.

A case of traumatic avulsion of the papilla of Vater and gastroduodenal artery successfully treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy is presented herein. The mechanism of this rare injury appeared to be a shearing force applied to the common bile duct and gastroduodenal artery. Thus, when the liver is driven cephalad by compression of the abdomen and by the deceleration force, the common bile duct and gastroduodenal artery are avulsed from the fixed duodenum and pancreas. The mechanism of this rare injury is postulated on the basis of operative and histological findings. Our case is thought to be the first of traumatic avulsion of the papilla of Vater and gastroduodenal artery to be reported in Japan.

Abdominal Injuries↗

PubMed1993

Topical treatment with BV-araU of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent shaved mice cutaneously infected with herpes simplex virus type 1.

Effect of topical treatments with BV-araU was tested in cutaneous infections of shaved Balb/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 1. Evolution of zosteriform skin lesions associated with infection with a low virulent KOS(S) strain was almost completely suppressed by treatments with 5% BV-araU cream given 4 times daily for 5 days starting 1 day after inoculation. This effect was equivalent to that of Zovirax Cream including 5% acyclovir. One percent BV-araU cream was also effective in inhibiting progression of symptoms, while 0.2% cream was not effective. Five percent BV-araU cream significantly suppressed progression of skin lesion even if initiation of treatment was delayed to 2 days after infection. However, the efficacy was diminished by further delay in starting treatment. The effect of BV-araU cream was also evident during infection of immunosuppressed mice. Virus titers in the skin tissue encompassing the inoculation site of mice decreased the day after the first treatment. In the lower flank site, virus replication was almost completely suppressed by the treatment beginning 1 day postinfection. Topical application of BV-araU may be useful therapy for HSV-1 infections in humans, including immunocompromised patients.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1993

Mechanism of inhibition of DNA synthesis by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil.

The mechanism of the inhibitory action of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl) uracil triphosphate (BV-araUTP) on DNA synthesis by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I Klenow fragment was studied. Acting as a chain terminator, BV-araUTP inhibited DNA synthesis by Klenow fragment more effectively than 2',3'-dideoxythymidine triphosphate (ddTTP). However, the incorporation sites of BV-araU monophosphate were restricted at consecutive dTMP sequence whereas ddTMP was incorporated at every dTMP site.

Antiviral Agents↗

PubMed1993

Acute pancreatitis in a child with sickle cell anemia.

A case of pancreatitis that occurred as a complication of a vaso-occlusive crisis in a child with sickle cell anemia is reported. We encourage others to consider pancreatitis as a cause for abdominal pain in children with multisystem diseases, particularly those that may cause ischemic organ injury such as sickle cell anemia.

Abdominal Pain↗

PubMed1992

Nucleosides and nucleotides. 107. 2-(cycloalkylalkynyl)adenosines: adenosine A2 receptor agonists with potent antihypertensive effects.

Adenosine receptor-binding profiles in rat brain tissues and antihypertensive effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of a series of 2-(cycloalkylalkynyl)adenosines (2-CAAs) and their congeners are described. The structure-activity relationship of this series of compounds is discussed, focusing on the length of the alkynyl side chain and bulkiness of the terminal cycloalkyl substituents in terms of binding activity and cardiovascular effects. All the 2-CAAs had a preferential affinity for A2 receptors. Of these derivatives, 2-(3-cyclopentyl-1-propyn-1-yl)adenosine (10b) exhibited the most selective affinity for A2 receptors (Ki ratio: A1/A2 = 70) on the basis of receptor binding. In the C-2 binding region of adenosine, compounds often have potent and/or selective A2 activity from introduction of an acetylenic group at the C-2 position followed by one methylene residue further followed by a hydrophobic substituent such as a cycloalkyl ring at the terminal position of the alkynyl side chain. Intravenous injection of 10b up to 100 micrograms/kg had a potent hypotensive effect without a marked decrease in heart rate in anesthetized SHR. Compounds 10j-s, with a hydroxyl group in the C-3" position of the alkynyl side chain, had a potent affinity for both A1 and A2 receptors, but they were not highly selective for A2 receptors. These compounds caused a marked bradycardia upon intravenous administration in anesthetized SHR. Oral administration of 10b (0.1-1 mg/kg) had a potent and long-lasting antihypertensive effect in conscious SHR.

Adenosine↗

PubMed1992

Analysis of toxic and mutagenic activities of antiherpesvirus nucleosides against HeLa cells and herpes simplex virus type 1.

The toxic and mutagenic activities of five antiherpesvirus agents to HeLa cells and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were investigated. 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) and 9-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-adenine (araA) showed very potent inhibitory effects on cell growth and the cloning efficiency of HeLa cells, whereas 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (BV-araU), E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine (ACV) showed less inhibitory effect. 50% inhibitory doses of BV-araU and BVDU for cell growth were 657 and 253 micrograms/ml, respectively. Although the growth inhibitory activity of BVDU was very weak, as above, the mutagenic activity of this drug to the cells, estimated by induction of colchicine-resistant mutants, was observed to be 4 micrograms/ml, which was a markedly smaller dose than the inhibitory dose for cell growth, and the highest frequency of mutation of the cells was shown at 100 micrograms/ml of BVDU. This activity was more potent than that of IDU. No mutagenic activity of BV-araU, araA and ACV to cells was observed within the concentration range of 1-800 micrograms/ml. IDU showed high mutagenic activity to HSV-1 growing in human embryo lung fibroblasts, and IDU-resistant mutants were induced at a high frequency. BVDU also induced a small amount of BVDU-resistant mutant virus, although this drug induced many mutant cells. No mutagenic activity of BV-araU, araA and ACV to HSV-1 was observed.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1992

Efficacy of oral treatment with BV-araU against cutaneous infection with herpes simplex type 1 in shaved mice.

The effect of oral BV-araU was tested in cutaneous model infections of shaved Balb/c mice with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Progression of cutaneous symptoms associated with cutaneous infection with HSV-1 F strain was inhibited by BV-araU at doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg twice daily, beginning one day post-infection, resulting in significant increase in the survival rate. Onset of disease was suppressed in most animals receiving 100 mg of BV-araU per kg. BV-araU (20 mg/kg or more) also significantly increased the survival rate of mice infected with HSV-1 WT-51 strain. The efficacy of BV-araU was not affected by gender or age (6-9 weeks) of the mice. BV-araU was effective even when the treatment was started 2.5 days post-infection. The efficacy of BV-araU against F strain infection was comparable to that of acyclovir, but acyclovir showed therapeutic effects at lower doses compared with BV-araU against WT-51 strain infection. Against infection of cyclophosphamide-treated immunosuppressed mice with HSV-1 KOS(S) strain, BV-araU decreased the morbidity rate and severity of symptoms at doses of 200 and 100 mg/kg, respectively, and all mice given 50 mg of BV-araU or more per kg survived, suggesting oral efficacy can be achieved against HSV-1 infections in immunosuppressed individuals.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1992

In vitro drug combination of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil with anti-human immunodeficiency virus or anticancer nucleosides.

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (BV-araU) and E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil, a metabolite of BV-araU, did not affect either the anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity or the cytotoxicity of azidothymidine in MT-4 and MOLT-4 cells. Similarly, the bromovinyl compounds did not affect the in vitro antitumor activities of arabinosylcytosine, 5-fluorouracil, and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. The anti-varicella-zoster virus activity of BV-araU was not influenced by azidothymidine, 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine, or arabinosylcytosine, whereas relatively high concentrations of fluorinated antitumor agents enhanced the anti-varicella-zoster virus activity.

Antiviral Agents↗

PubMed1992

Effects of inline filtration on delivery of gentamicin at various flow rates.

The effects of inline filtration on delivery of gentamicin (GM) in the pediatric field were studied. The filter sets (Pall 0.20 micron. JMS 0.20 micron, and IVEX 2.022 micron) were studied using a simulated system. 10 mg of GM was injected into the system containing 5% dextrose in water (flow rate: 50 ml/hr, 10 ml/hr and 2 ml/hr) with horizontal and vertical settings of the inline filters. In case of 50 ml/hr, delivery of GM of Pall showed nearly the same delivery pattern as compared with no filter setting. However, JMS and IVEX 2 showed little differences. In case of 10 ml/hr and 2 ml/hr those differences became more significant. Delivery of GM was influenced by the priming volume of the filters, increasingly so at slow flow rates. Filter settings also influenced the delivery of GM. Furthermore, with regards to the results of the Vitamin K2 delivery and the technetium radiotracer method, JMS and IVEX 2 filters were observed to have some stagnation of drugs in the filter. Not only priming volumes of the filters affect delivery of drugs, filter designs also have an influence. The use of the inline filters is important in the pediatric field, but their charactaristics for drug delivery pattern should be considered.

Drug Contamination↗

PubMed1992

[Bezafibrate myopathy in two patients with chronic renal failure].

Case 1, a 60-year-old man and case 2, a 70-year-old man had several year history of chronic renal failure with hypertension and hyperlipidemia due to diabetes mellitus. Treatment of hyperlipidemia was started by oral bezafibrate intake 1,200 mg per day in case 1 and 400 mg per day in case 2 respectively. Three to fourteen days later, both patients noticed symmetrical muscle pain and weakness. Then the symptoms worsened and they were hospitalized. At the time of admission, both patients revealed weakness in the proximal muscles of their upper and lower limbs and the serum creatine kinase and myoglobin levels were remarkably elevated. Myoglobinuria was also noted. Routine light microscopic examination of biopsied quadriceps femoris muscles of two patients showed scattered necrotic muscle fibers, some of which were under phagocytosis. The symptoms of the patients were immediately resolved after the drug was discontinued. Serum concentration of bezafibrate was remarkably elevated during treatment. Thus the diagnosis was established as having bezafibrate induced myopathy and, as far as we know, this is the first report of bezafibrate induced myopathy in Japan. On the basis of the above description, bezafibrate may induce muscle damage if dose is excess over the renal capacity. Extreme caution is warranted when the patient is placed on bezafibrate and has renal dysfunction. Strict dose adjustment is necessary in taking account of renal function to avoid muscle damage including rhabdomyolysis.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[A case of invasion of the hyaloid artery into the lens].

A 6-year-old boy with hyaloid artery invasion into the crystalline lens is reported. Both lenses had localized opacities and some brown membranous tissue attached to the posterior lens capsule. He had bilateral persistent hyaloid arteries, and in the right eye this vessel penetrated the lens capsule and invaded the lens. The lens opacity had not increased for 6 years. In persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous we can often see the invasion of fibrovascular tissue into the lens, and this process usually leads to destruction and absorption of the lens. This is an unusual case because the lens showed no significant changes for long period of time in spite of vascular invasion into the lens.

Arteries↗

PubMed1991

The role of gastroesophageal reflux in pediatric dysphagia.

The history, physical examination, and the results of the upper gastrointestinal series, esophageal manometry, 24-h pH recording, endoscopy, and biopsy are reviewed in 16 children (mean age of 10.6 years, range of 3 years 5 months to 15 years 3 months) who presented to the Alberta Children's Hospital with dysphagia ("food-sticking") without previously identified provocative disorders since January 1985. Of the 16 patients, 11 had had intermittent obstruction, and 7 had had intervention to relieve obstruction (2 Heimlich maneuvers, 1 intravenous glucagon, and 4 endoscopy after failure of intravenous glucagon). Although only five children had a recent history suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux, 12 had histologic evidence of reflux esophagitis (including 1 with a peptic stricture, 1 with "nutcracker" esophagus, and 1 with esophageal dysmotility characteristic of Down's syndrome) and all responded clinically to antireflux therapy. Of the remaining four patients, one had extrinsic esophageal compression from a vascular ring (right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum), one had a single and another had recurrent episodes of food-sticking without any identified abnormality, and one declined investigation. In childhood, dysphagia may be the presenting symptom of reflux esophagitis in the absence of a history suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux and without evidence of a peptic stricture.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Inhibition of DNA synthesis in varicella-zoster virus-infected cells by BV-araU.

The inhibitory effect of BV-araU on DNA synthesis in human embryonic lung cells infected with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was compared with that of acyclovir. Cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine and its incorporation into DNA was markedly stimulated by the infection with VZV or HSV-1, suggesting that the incorporation was mainly due to viral DNA synthesis. DNA synthesis in VZV-infected cells was dose-dependently suppressed by BV-araU and acyclovir, although cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine decreased in cells treated with a high concentration of drugs for an extended time. DNA synthesis in HSV-1-infected cells was also markedly inhibited by both drugs in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine. The concentration of drugs inhibiting DNA synthesis was well correlated to their in vitro anti-VZV and anti-HSV-1 activities. The inhibitory concentration of BV-araU for DNA synthesis in VZV-infected cells was one-thousandth of that of acyclovir. Our results suggest that the antiviral action of BV-araU against VZV and HSV-1 is based on the inhibition of DNA synthesis in herpesvirus-infected cells.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed1991

Different antiviral potencies of BV-araU and related nucleoside analogues against herpes simplex virus type 1 in human cell lines and Vero cells.

Antiviral potencies against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-E-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (BV-araU) and ten other nucleoside analogues in human embryonic lung fibroblast (HEL) cells were compared with those in Vero cells. 5-Halogenovinylarabinosyluracils, highly active in HEL cells, were inactive against all three laboratory-stocked strains of HSV-1 but exerted moderate antiviral effects on three clinical isolates in Vero cells. The reduction in anti-HSV-1 potencies of other representative nucleoside analogues in Vero cells was much less than those of 5-halogenovinylarabinosyluracils. However, significant antiviral potencies of BV-araU against laboratory strains were observed in other human and monkey fibroblast cells including an immortalized cell line. Significant enhancement of antiviral activity of BV-araU against a laboratory strain and a clinical isolate was demonstrated in Vero cells by the addition of 0.1 microM aminopterin or FUdR, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthesis. The potentiated anti-HSV-1 activity in Vero cells was comparable to the potency in HEL cells without the inhibitor. These results suggested that high activity of thymidylate synthesis and a large thymidylate pool size in Vero cells seem to be related to loss of anti-HSV-1 potency of BV-araU. Original tissue type, species, and the immortality may not be responsible for the reduced antiviral activity of BV-araU in Vero cells.

Aminopterin↗

PubMed1991

Myasthenia gravis, muscle twitch, hyperhidrosis and limb pain associated with thymoma: proposal of possible new myasthenic syndrome.

We describe a 54-year-old man with myasthenia gravis, thymoma, systemic muscle twitch particularly of both lower limbs, hyperhidrosis and lower limb pain. The muscle twitch resembled to fasciculation rather than to myokymia and was persistent after discontinuation of anti-acetylcholinesterase drug. No attenuation nor disappearance of the muscle twitch was educed by spinal anesthesia. However, it disappeared when a nondepolarizing type muscle relaxant (pancuronium bromide) was used. The muscle twitch was thus considered to originate from peripheral axons. Thymoma was considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of these unusual clinical manifestations which may constitute a new myasthenic syndrome.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1991

[A case of acinar-islet cell tumor of the pancreas body].

Combined carcinoma of the pancreas is very rare. The case of pancreatic tumor featuring both acinar cell and islet cell tumors presented, may be only the fifth case of acinar-islet cell tumor in the world. A 34-year-old-woman visited our hospital complaining of weight loss (8 kg/6 months). A clearly demarcated pancreatic tumor was visualized by ultrasonography, body CT and MRI. Class 3 cells were extracted via ultrasonography guided fine-needle biopsy. Tumor was enucleated on October 5, 1988. Histologic appearance of the tumor by light microscopy was consistent with that of both acinar cell and islet cell tumors. Electron microscopy revealed two distinct populations of zymogen and neuroendocrine granules. The patient is doing well 1 year and 7 months postoperatively with no evidence of liver metastasis or recurrence. This case is significant in terms of the close histogenic relationship between pancreatic exocrine and endocrine components.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗

PubMed1991

Postprandial hyperglycemia and pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis patients.

Pancreatic endocrine function was studied in 50 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and 15 healthy controls by measuring glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and gastro-inhibitory polypeptide responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Biochemical and clinical parameters were also measured, including glycosylated hemoglobin A1, serum immunoreactive trypsin, fasting urinalysis, pulmonary function, percentage body fat and 3-day dietary records. According to National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) criteria, 6 CF patients had impaired glucose tolerance (ICF), with elevated serum glucose concentrations and reduced and delayed insulin secretion compared with control (CON) subjects, although none were overtly diabetic. Although the remaining 44 CF patients (NCF) did not meet NDDG criteria for impaired glucose tolerance, mean area under the concentration curve (AUC) for glucose was greater than control values and AUC for insulin diminished. HbA1 levels in the 2 CF groups were greater than that of controls subjects, but there was little difference between ICF and NCF groups. C-peptide levels paralleled those of insulin for the 3 groups throughout OGTT. There was little difference in GIP secretion between groups, and the enteroinsular axis was intact in the control and NCF groups and slightly increased in the ICF group. Basal glucagon concentrations and AUC for glucagon during OGTT were similar for the 3 groups, but glucose-induced glucagon suppressibility i.e., basal to nadir change in each subject, was reduced in the ICF group. Serum IRT concentration was significantly lower in the ICF and NCF groups compared to control subjects, and was lowest in the ICF group. A strong correlation was observed in the ICF group between FEF25-75 and AUC for insulin, as well as HbA1 level and AUC for glucose. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance in 50 CF patients was 12%. Despite extensive comparisons of biochemical and clinical parameters with endocrine function in this population, we were unable to define reliable criteria for predicting glucose intolerance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Roentgenological manifestation of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine causing severe spinal canal stenosis--a group comparison with and without marked spinal cord dysfunction].

Relationship between the degree of clinical symptoms and the lateral roentgenograms of the cervical OPLL causing severe spinal canal stenosis was studied among patients whose roentgenological minimum antero-posterior diameters of the available spinal canals were under 9mm. Lateral roentgenograms of 28 clinically mild patients were compared with those of 20 clinically severe patients. The type of ossification, the extent of OPLL, the narrowest level of the available spinal canal, and the minimum a-p diameter were not statistically significant parameters. The degree of canal stenosis at the 1cm cranial and 1cm caudal levels from the narrowest level, and the axial extent of canal stenosis around the narrowest level were less significantly in the group with mild symptoms than in the group with severe symptoms.

Adult↗