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Biomedical subjects

H M Sommers

Publications and source records attributed to H M Sommers.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Woodman's disease: hypersensitivity pneumonitis from cutting live trees.

A 28-year-old man developed multiple episodes of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and leukocytosis several hours after cutting live oak and maple trees. Fungal cultures of wood chips from oak and maple trees were positive for Penicillium (three species), Paecilomyces sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., and Rhizopus sp. Gel-immunodiffusion studies demonstrated serum precipitins to extracts of oak chips, Penicillium sp., and Paecilomyces sp., and suggested that Penicillium sp. and Paecilomyces sp. shared cross-reactive antigens that were the significant antigens in the oak chips. ELISA studies demonstrated elevated serum levels of IgG to an oak chip extract, inhibition of that ELISA by preincubation of serum with Penicillium sp., and absence of elevated IgG levels to an extract of freshly cut oak wood that had been stripped of bark to minimize mold contamination. The case analysis indicates that the patient likely had hypersensitivity pneumonitis on exposure to Penicillium sp., when he was cutting trees, and identifies cutting live trees as another occupational exposure that may cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effect of clavulanic acid on the susceptibility of clinical anaerobic bacteria to ticarcillin: a multicenter study.

Over 2,000 recent clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria were tested at five medical centers for susceptibility to ticarcillin, ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid, clindamycin, and metronidazole. At 64 micrograms/ml, ticarcillin inhibited 92% of all isolates, but 98% were inhibited at this concentration when 2 micrograms/ml of clavulanic acid was added. With different Bacteroides species, clavulanic acid reduced ticarcillin MICs 2- to 32-fold; other anaerobic species were not significantly affected.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1986

In vitro activity of DJ-6783 (a keto carboxylic acid) compared with six other orally administered antimicrobial agents.

DJ-6783 is a new keto carboxylic acid having an expanded antimicrobial activity when compared with nalidixic acid or cinoxacin. Its usable activity includes the following: Enterobacteriaceae (MIC90, less than or equal to 0.06-4.0 micrograms/ml), Acinetobacter species (MIC90, 0.25-1.0 microgram/ml), Pseudomonas species (MIC90, 1.0-2.0 micrograms/ml), P. aeruginosa (MIC90, 16 micrograms/ml), Staphylococcus species (MIC90, 1.0-32 micrograms/ml), Haemophilus influenzae (MIC900, less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml), and Neisseria species (MIC90 less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml). The Streptococcus species were resistant to DL-6783 with MIC50 ranging from 16 to greater than 32 micrograms/ml. The drug appears to be bactericidal, minimally influenced by increasing inocula, but resistant mutants can be selected by serial subinhibitory concentration passages of strains in DJ-6783. The resulting resistant organisms also have higher MICs to related drugs such as norfloxacin, cinoxacin, and nalidixic acid. DJ-6783 was the most active organic acid not having structural characteristics of the fluorinated 4-quinolones.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Cefpiramide: comparative in-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability.

Cefpiramide is a new Pseudomonas-active cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity. Like cefoperazone, cefpiramide was moderately susceptible to hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases from Gram-negative bacilli. Tests with 6552 bacterial isolates in five separate medical centres documented cefpiramide's effectiveness against the more commonly encountered bacterial pathogens. Additional studies with 761 selected isolates, representing 35 species, demonstrated similarities between cefpiramide and cefoperazone; cefpiramide was more active against Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Like most other cephalosporins, cefpiramide inhibited methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, non-enterococcal streptococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis and beta-lactamase-negative Haemophilus influenzae. Cefpiramide was marginally active against Streptococcus faecalis (MIC 50, 8.0 mg/l).

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

In vitro comparative antimicrobial activity of cefpimizole against clinical isolates from five medical centers.

Cefpimizole was compared with cefoperazone and cefotaxime against 6,599 clinical bacterial isolates from five medical centers. Cefoperazone and cefotaxime were both more active and provided a greater spectrum of antimicrobial coverage than cefpimizole. Some of the cefpimizole minimum concentrations inhibiting 50% of tested strains were as follows: Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae, 16 micrograms/ml; Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.0 micrograms/ml; Proteus mirabilis, 1.0 microgram/ml; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 16 micrograms/ml; Staphylococcus spp., 32 micrograms/ml; and the enterococci, greater than 32 micrograms/ml.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1985

Allergic bronchopulmonary curvulariosis.

A patient with clinical and roentgenographic findings suggestive of allergic bronchopulmonary disease who presented with recurrent pulmonary infiltrates with peripheral eosinophilia was identified. Sputum cultures were positive for Curvularia lunata. Total serum IgE was elevated, and intracutaneous skin testing with C. lunata was positive. Serum precipitins against C. lunata were present with specific IgE and IgG antibody indexes elevated. These studies provide further Immunologic characterization of this uncommon disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Antibacterial activities of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, cinoxacin, and nalidixic acid.

In vitro studies were performed comparing ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) and norfloxacin with three related organic acids. Ciprofloxacin was two to eight times more active than norfloxacin against 658 bacterial isolates representing 30 species. For all species tested, ciprofloxacin MICs for 90% inhibition were less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms ml. Additional tests with 5,994 isolates detected only 37 (0.6%) strains resistant to 2.0 micrograms of ciprofloxacin per ml and 106 (1.8%) resistant to 1.0 micrograms/ml. Only 6 (0.1%) of the 5,994 strains were resistant to 16 micrograms of norfloxacin per ml, and 129 (2.1%) were resistant to 4.0 micrograms/ml. The majority of resistant strains were streptococci or Pseudomonas spp. Resistance among the Enterobacteriaceae was extremely rare (i.e., greater than 99.8% susceptible to both drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1984

In vitro activity of apalcillin compared with those of piperacillin and carbenicillin against 6,797 bacterial isolates from four separate medical centers.

Quantitative susceptibility tests were performed in four separate medical centers, in which apalcillin was compared with piperacillin and carbenicillin. Data from tests of 6,797 isolates confirmed that apalcillin and piperacillin had nearly identical spectra of activity but that apalcillin was significantly more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC required to inhibit 90% of strains, 2.0 versus 64 micrograms/ml) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus (MIC required to inhibit 90% of strains, 2.0 versus 16 micrograms/ml). Against 166 anaerobic bacterial isolates, apalcillin demonstrated in vitro activity.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1982

Speciation of the "viridans" streptococci.

A simple scheme for the speciation of clinical isolates of "viridans" streptococci based on nine physiological characteristics is presented. Use of this scheme will enable successful speciation of most "viridans" strep isolates in any laboratory and allow for the accumulation of data necessary for the definition of clinical syndromes or unique clinical problems associated with particular species.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1982

Cefotetan, a new cephamycin: comparison of in vitro antimicrobial activity with other cephems, beta-lactamase stability, and preliminary recommendations for disk diffusion testing.

Cefotetan is a new, potent, 7 alpha-methoxy cephalosporin (cephamycin). The in vitro activity of cefotetan tested in a multiphasic, collaborative study against 12,260 consecutive clinical isolates and 448 selected isolates showed 93% of Enterobacteriaceae, 90% of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (broth dilution), 83% of Bacteroides fragilis, and 72% of non-enterococcal streptococci to be inhibited by less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. Beta-Lactamase-producing and -nonproducing Haemophilus influenzae strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml. Cefotetan's inhibitory spectrum paralleled those of the newest generation of cephems and exceeded those of cefoxitin and cefamandole. No useful activity was present against Streptococcus faecalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cefotetan was bactericidal without significant inoculum effect and was highly resistant to hydrolysis by Richmond-Sykes types I, III, and IV beta-lactamases. Hydrolysis of the chromogenic cephalosporin PADAC (pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin) by type I beta-lactamases was markedly inhibited by concentrations of cefotetan similar to those of the potent inhibitor dicloxacillin. Analysis of agar disk diffusion for several disk potencies and broth dilution susceptibility tests by regression and error rate-bounding methods produced preliminary tentative zone standards (30-micrograms disk, using minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints of less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml susceptible and greater than 32 micrograms/ml resistant, or 75-micrograms disk, using minimal inhibitory concentration breakpoints of less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml susceptible and greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml resistant) of greater than or equal to 18 mm susceptible, less than or equal to 14 mm resistant, and 15 to 17 mm indeterminate. Staphylococcus aureus testing with the 30-micrograms disk is not recommended.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

A review of the CAP proficiency Surveys for Mycobacteriology, 1975-1981.

Mycobacteriology results of the CAP proficiency testing programs are reviewed for the years 1975-1981. Survey participants have shown a continuing and improving ability to isolate and identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria, and to identify acid-fast bacteria in stain preparations.

Mycobacterium↗
PubMed1981

Cefmenoxime (SCE-1365), a new cephalosporin: in vitro activity, comparison with other antimicrobial agents, beta-lactamase stability, and disk diffusion testing with tentative interpretive criteria.

The in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (SCE-1365) was evaluated in a multiphased collaborative investigation. Over 7,500 consecutive clinical isolates were tested in five laboratories, and greater than 90% of the following organisms were inhibited by cefmenoxime at the following concentrations: Enterobacteriaceae and non-enterococcal streptococci, </=0.125 mug/ml; Staphylococcus aureus, </=2.0 mug/ml; and nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli and Bacteroides fragilis group, </=32 mug/ml. Both beta-lactamase-producing and -nonproducing Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were inhibited by cefmenoxime at </=0.03 mug/ml. The spectrum of cefmenoxime was similar to that of other, newer cephalosporins, particularly cefotaxime. A pronounced inoculum effect was found with some species upon increasing inocula from 10(5) to 10(7) colony-forming units per ml, resulting in an approximate eightfold increase in minimum inhibitory concentrations. Cefmenoxime was bactericidal when tested with inocula of 10(5) colonyforming units per ml, and mean differences between the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration were less than one log(2) dilution. No significant hydrolysis of cefmenoxime by five different beta-lactamases was detectable, and cefmenoxime exhibited marked inhibition of type I beta-lactamases. Regression and error rate-bounded analyses of results of disk diffusion and reference broth microdilution susceptibility tests were performed on 421 bacterial isolates, and the following tentative zone size breakpoints are proposed: >/=22 mm, susceptible; </=14 mm, resistant; and 15 to 21 mm, moderately susceptible (indeterminate). These data and cross-resistance studies with other newer cephalosporins indicate marked similarity of in vitro activity within this group of drugs, particularly between cefmenoxime, moxalactam, and cefotaxime. Any one of these could serve as the representative for the disk diffusion testing of this group of drugs if comparable minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoints were used for each drug.

Bacteria↗