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Biomedical subjects

H M Schoolman

Publications and source records attributed to H M Schoolman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

The information age in concept and practice at the National Library of Medicine.

The evolution of today's information age is mirrored in the growth of the National Library of Medicine's bibliographic services: from the pioneering work of the Library in the last century to develop Index Medicus, to developing the innovative computerized MEDLARS system in the early 1960s, to the easily searchable on-line data bases now available to health professionals. The evolution has not come about without controversy, however, as tension developed between the public sector, where the information was viewed as a social benefit, and the private sector, where it was viewed as a source of profit. The Library has fostered research and development in biomedical communications in the laboratories of its Lister Hill Center and through grants to assist in establishing the field of medical informatics. The future of biomedical communications will be profoundly affected by work now being carried out by the Library: in fields such as biotechnology, through integrative methodologies such as the Unified Medical Language System now under development, and by a grant program to improve the infrastructure for information within academic health science centers.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1986

The National Library of Medicine and medical informatics.

Medical informatics attempts to provide the theoretic and scientific basis for the use of automated information systems in biomedicine. Even though a new field, its roots are in the 19th century. The National Library of Medicine (NLM) began classifying the medical literature and publishing the Index Medicus in 1897; in the early 1960s, the growth of the index gave rise to MEDLARS, the first successful, large-scale, computerized bibliographic system. In 1971, about the time MEDLARS evolved into a nationwide on-line retrieval system known as MEDLINE, a committee of the Association of American Medical Colleges published a report calling for the NLM to exert strong leadership in developing computer applications for information transfer in medicine. The NLM has sponsored several training and research programs in this area and is now developing the concept of "centers of excellence" in medical informatics. In addition, there are a number of current research and development activities within the NLM internal and extramural programs that may influence the progress of medical informatics.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1980

Automated information retrieval in science and technology.

The rapid advances in computer and communication technology in the 1970's have enabled large interactive scientific and technical information retrieval systems to be implemented. Major search services today offer on-line access to millions of bibliographic citations and an increasing number of "electronic handbooks." In addition, development of knowledge bases is well under way. Despite the impressive speed and flexibility of interactive retrieval systems, their impact has been lessened by limited awareness of their existence, uneven quality of retrieval, inadequate linkages among data bases, and reliance on specially trained intermediaries.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

Retrieving information on clinical methodology.

Evidence derived from several simple searchers of the literature suggests that one interested in identifying papers which discuss the methodologies of clinical trials will have reasonable success. However, the retrieval of a meaningful methodologic duscussion of any actual trial is unlikely because very little of this information has been published. Some suggestions to remedy this deficiency are given.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Computer use in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.

Computers are used to influence diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. The computer's information-handling capabilities allow it to serve as a reliable extension of the physician's memory and expander of the physician's information and synthesized knowledge resources. Computers have been used to facilitate decisions through organization of patient data, improved classification of patients, decision analysis in clinical settings, and simulation of expert clinical reasoning. Computer programs are more successful in narrow, constrained, single arenas of medicine with much underlying pathophysiologic understanding and where decisions are based largely on hard laboratory data. New models of synthetic reasoning that simulate expert clinical behavior show promise of supporting complicated decisions concerning problems of multiple diseases. All systems are confronted by problems of consensus and authority of the underlying information used.

Computers↗
PubMed1972

National library of medicine regional medical library program.

The National Library of Medicine is charged with the development and management of a National Biomedical Communications Network. The Regional Medical Library Program is a forerunner of such a network; the product and institutions involved will be critical elements in its evolution. The immediate objective of the RMLP, the facilitation of biomedical information transfer, presents a logistical problem requiring substantial commitment from the health sciences community and extensive cooperation among libraries in each region.

Journal Article↗