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Biomedical subjects

H M Pollack

Publications and source records attributed to H M Pollack.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Catheter dilatation of benign ureteral strictures.

Twenty-seven symptomatic, benign postoperative strictures of the ureter or ureteropelvic junction were dilated with balloon or angiographic catheters in an attempt to definitively treat the strictures without surgery. Twenty-three dilatations were performed in antegrade fashion in conjunction with or subsequent to percutaneous nephrostomy, and four strictures were dilated in retrograde fashion per urethra. Thirteen of 27 strictures (48%) were successfully dilated. Certain strictures were more amenable to dilatation than others. In general, the potential for success in dilating ureteral strictures appears to be more dependent on the nature of the stricture than either its duration or the method of dilatation. Based on our initial experience, suggested techniques and guidelines for patient selection are offered.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed1983

Pelvic adenopathy from bladder and prostate carcinoma: detection by rapid-sequence computed tomography.

Diagnostic pelvic lymphadenectomies are used in both bladder and prostate carcinoma. Enhanced rapid-sequence computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the retroperitoneum and pelvis was done prospectively in patients scheduled for lymphadenectomies. The CT results were then compared to the histopathological findings in 32 patients to analyze the ability of dynamic CT to indicate whether a lymphadenectomy is needed. The comparison showed eight true positive, four false negative, 18 true negative, and two false positive. The sensitivity was 66%, specificity 90% and accuracy 81%. The diagnostic considerations of the role of CT based on these findings are illustrated and discussed.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1983

High protein content: another cause of CT hyperdense benign renal cyst.

A high density renal mass (35 Hounsfield units), which did not enhance after intravenous contrast material proved to be a renal cyst containing a very proteinaceous fluid. The high protein concentration was the apparent cause of the unusually high attenuation values observed. This case is discussed and the causes of hyperdense benign renal cysts on computed tomography are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

CT evaluation of bladder and prostate neoplasms.

The role of computed tomography in the preoperative staging of bladder and prostate tumors is discussed and illustrated. The accuracy of judging perivesical tumor extent, various techniques of CT examination, and the clinical significance of evaluating local bladder extension are discussed. The CT evaluation of local periprostatic extension of tumor is examined in relationship to the type of planned therapy. A dynamic technique for lymphadenopathy evaluation is detailed. The accuracy of demonstrating lymphadenopathy by CT and its therapeutic impact on the surgical treatment of bladder and prostate malignancies are discussed.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1982

Wilms' tumor: diagnostic therapeutic implications.

Twenty-four cases of Wilms' tumor were analyzed. The gray-scale echographic characteristics of the tumors were categorized. Correlation with pathologic characteristics, clinical presentation, prognosis, and therapy response was assessed. Two echographic patterns emerged: (a) hypoechoic solid--3; and (b) hyperechoic solid--21. Necrotic degeneration as well as decrease in tumor size were echographic features correlated with positive response to therapy. The results of this analysis showed no initial correlation between the echographic patterns and the clinical presentation or prognosis. On the other hand, the echographic features of Wilms' tumor seem distinctive enough to help in etiologic differentiation and therapy management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Conservative management of ureteral obstruction secondary to suture entrapment.

We report 3 cases of ureteral obstruction secondary to entrapment of the juxtaposed ureter by absorbable suture material. Definitive management consisted of nephrostomy drainage in each case. Complete resolution of the obstruction coincided with absorption of the sutures. We recommend a "wait and see" approach in cases of ureteral obstruction secondary to absorbable suture entrapment.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The accuracy of gray-scale renal ultrasonography in differentiating cystic neoplasms from benign cysts.

To evaluate the ability of gray-scale renal ultrasonography to distinguish cystic neoplasms from benign cysts, 182 cysts or cyst-like masses were reviewed retrospectively by three radiologists with varying degrees of experience in nephrosonography. All cases were proved by needle puncture or surgery. An unequivocal diagnosis of "cyst" based solely on ultrasonography was 98% accurate, with 2% being due to hematomas, localized hydronephrosis, or septa within the cyst. No cystic neoplasms were mistaken for benign cysts. These results indicate that experienced observers using proper technique will rarely be in error in distinguishing non-neoplastic cystic masses from cystic neoplasms by articulated-arm gray-scale ultrasonography, and that routine needle puncture may be unnecessary in such cases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Radiologic evaluation of the ureteral stump.

The ureter that is left in place after nephrectomy may occasionally give rise to symptoms that are often attributed to other causes. The disease may not be recognized until it is far advanced or is discovered during surgery for another illness. Fourteen diseased ureteral stumps that became symptomatic months to years after nephrectomy are described. Calculi were found in six ureters and neoplasms in five; ureteritis cystica developed in one, infection secondary to vesicoureteral reflux in one, and empyema proximal to an obstructed ectopic ureteral orifice in another. Although there are several methods of imaging the ureteral stump, the best method in the authors' view is retrograde ureterography through a 5-F ureteral catheter. The catheter is inserted during cystoscopy but the injection of contrast medium is done in a radiographic/fluoroscopic facility where carefully monitored fluoroscopic spot radiographs can be obtained.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Work in progress: percutaneous fiberoptic endoscopy of the upper urinary tract.

Recent developments of fiberoptic technology have resulted in significant miniaturization of existing flexible fiber-scopes. Instruments now exist with external diameters that approach those of the catheters that are used for percutaneous nephrostomy or for nephrostomy track dilation. We report our initial experience with a prototype tip-deflecting fiberscope that is small enough to accommodate guidewires, small catheters, and cytology brushes, and that can be manipulated into calyces, down the ureter, and occasionally even into the bladder. The small external diameter of this nephroscope and its flexibility allow it to be inserted over a guidewire through an ordinary percutaneous nephrostomy track. Its overall applicability was somewhat limited by its small channel size. Development of an instrument of similar external dimensions with a channel large enough to accommodate stone baskets, forceps of various types, and electrodes, seems well worthwhile.

Endoscopes↗