Biomedical subjects

H M Kim

Publications and source records attributed to H M Kim.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

Effect of cytochalasin D on systemic and local anaphylaxis in a murine model.

We investigated the effect of cytochalasin D on anaphylaxis. Cytochalasin D dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. Especially, cytochalasin D inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis 100% with a dose of 1 microg g-1 body weight (BW). Cytochalasin D significantly inhibited serum histamine levels induced by compound 48/80. Cytochalasin D (10(-1) microg g-1 BW) also inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE to 79.6+/-1.8%. Cytochalasin D dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The level of cAMP in rat peritoneal mast cells, when cytochalasin D was added, transiently and significantly increased about fourfold compared with that of basal cells. Our studies provide evidence that cytochalasin D will be beneficial in the treatment of anaphylaxis.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1997

Antianaphylactic properties of eugenol.

The effects of eugenol, a major component of clove, on anaphylaxis were evaluated in rats. Eugenol inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis 100% with a dose of 10 micrograms g-1 body weight (BW). While serum levels of histamine were markedly elevated after compound 48/80 injection in all groups of rats, rats injected with eugenol showed a significant reduction in serum histamine levels. Eugenol also inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. Eugenol dose-dependently inhibited histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. The morphological examination clearly showed that eugenol prevented the anaphylactic degranulation of RPMC. Moreover, Eugenol (10 micrograms ml-1) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. These results suggest that eugenol has antianaphylactic properties by preventing mast cell degranulation.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1997

Spirulina platensis inhibits anaphylactic reaction.

We investigated the effects of the powders of Spirulina platensis (SPP) on anaphylactic reactions. SPP inhibited compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock 100% with doses of 0.5, and 1.0 mg/g body weight (BW). SPP significantly inhibited serum histamine levels induced by compound 48/80 in rats. SPP (0.5 mg/g BW) inhibited to 68.7% passive cutaneous anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. SPP dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) by compound 48/80. Moreover, SPP had a significant effect on anti-DNP IgE-induced histamine release or tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from RPMC. These results suggest that SPP may contain compounds with actions that inhibit mast cell degranulation in the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Novel anti-calcification treatment of biological tissues by grafting of sulphonated poly(ethylene oxide).

Biological porcine tissue was modified by the direct coupling of sulphonated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-SO3) containing amino acid end groups after glutaraldehyde fixation. The calcification of the modified tissue [bioprosthetic tissue (BT)-PEO-SO3] and control (BT control) was investigated by in vivo rate subdermal, canine aorta-illiac shunt and right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt implantation models. Less calcium deposition of BT-PEO-SP3 than of BT control was observed in in vivo tests. Such a reduced calcification of BT-PEO-SO3 can be explained by decreases of residual glutaraldehyde groups, a space filling effect and, therefore, improved biostability and synergistic blood-compatible effects of PEO and SO3 groups after the covalent binding of PEO-SO3 to tissue. This simple method can be a useful anti-calcification treatment for implantable tissue valves.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Inhibitory effects of Korean folk medicine 'Hi-Chum' on histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro.

The effect of aqueous extract of Siegesbeckia glabrescence (Compositae) whole plants (SGWP) on systemic or local anaphylaxis was studied. SGWP inhibited compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis 100% with a dose of 1000 mg/kg. Oral administration of SGWP (100 mg/kg) showed a marked inhibition rate in local immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction. When SGWP was pretreated at concentration ranging from 0.1 to 1000 mg/kg, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, SGWP dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80. These results indicate that SGWP possess strong antianaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells.

Anaphylaxis↗

PubMed1997

Effect of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha stems on the immediate hypersensitivity reactions.

We investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. (Thymelaeaceae) on the immediate hypersensitivity reactions. The aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha stems showed inhibitory effects on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80, and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC). The morphological examination also clearly showed that the extract prevented the degranulation of RPMC in rats. The level of compound 48/80-induced intracellular cAMP in RPMC, when the extract was added, significantly increased about 8-fold at 10 s compared with that of basal cells. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of Aquilaria agallocha stems inhibits the immediate hypersensitivity reaction by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Limitation of Hu-PBL-scid mouse model in direct application to immunotoxicity assessment.

Hu-PBL-scid mice were directly introduced to the methods of immunotoxicity assessments. Human IgG and IgM was detected 1 week after transplantation. Cyclosporin A (CsA) and cyclophosphamide (CP), which were injected i.p. 4 weeks after transplantation, decreased the serum concentration of IgM after 2-4 days of treatment but not that of IgG. Lymphocyte proliferation induced by various mitogens and primary T-dependent antibody responses to sheep red blood cells could not be measured by using splenocytes of hu-PBL-scid mice. These results were correlated with the fact that human cells were not detected in the spleen, thymus, or blood of hu-PBL-scid mouse but were detected in lymph nodes of the intestine, which were observed by flow cytometric and immunohistochemical examinations. The present results suggest using hu-PBL-scid mice in routine immunotoxicity investigations: lymph nodes of intestines could be used as the lymphocyte source. In addition, the determination of serum Ig concentration might be used as a experimental item.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Effect of heat treatment on apatite-forming ability of Ti metal induced by alkali treatment.

The present authors previously showed that titanium metal forms a bone-like apatite layer on its surface in a simulated body fluid (SBF), when it has been treated with a NaOH solution to form a sodium titanate hydrogel layer on its surface. This indicates that the NaOH-treated Ti metal bonds to living bone. The gel layer as-formed is, however, mechanically unstable. In the present study, the NaOH-treated Ti metal was heat treated at various temperatures in order to convert the gel layer into a more mechanically stable layer. The gel layer was dehydrated and transformed into an amorphous sodium titanate layer at 400-500 degrees C, fairly densified at 600 degrees C and converted into crystalline sodium titanate and rutile above 700 degrees C. The induction period for the apatite formation on the NaOH-treated Ti metal in SBF increased with the transformation of the surface gel layer by the heat treatment. Ti metal heat treated at 600 degrees C, however, showed a fairly short induction period as well as high mechanical stability, since it was covered with a fairly densified amorphous layer.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1997

Effects of Poncirus trifoliata on type I hypersensitivity reaction.

A study was carried out to examine the effect of an aqueous extract from immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata L. (Rutaceae) (PTIFE) on the type I hypersensitivity reaction. Forty-eight hour PCA (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis) in rats was significantly inhibited by the oral administration of PTIFE (200 mg/kg). It also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) induced by mouse anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-IgE and dinitrophenyl-human serum albumin (DNP-HSA). These results suggest that PTIFE has anti-allergic action against the type I hypersensitivity reaction.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1997

Effects of siegesbeckia pubescens on immediate hypersensitivity reaction.

This study was carried out to examine the effect of an aqueous extract from Siegesbeckia pubescens (Compositae) (SPAE) on immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Forty-eight hours passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats was significantly inhibited by oral administration of SPAE (100 micrograms/g). It also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-IgE and DNP-human serum albumin. The data indicate that SPAE has antiallergic activity, and that its action may be due to inhibition of histamine release from mast cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Nitric oxide released from Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts acts as a cytostatic agent for cultured mast cells.

Nitric oxide (NO) released from Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts inhibited the proliferation of cultured mast cells (CMCs) on the CMCs/Swiss 3T3 fibroblast co-culture system. Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts produced NO upon treatment with recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma). The production of NO was markedly increased by the co-treatment of rIFN-gamma and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This production was dependent on L-arginine and could be inhibited by the competitive substrate inhibitor, L-arginine analogue NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NGMMA). In addition, the number of CMCs increased when treated with NGMMA in the co-culture system. These findings indicate that the elevated production of NO from Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts during the co-culture inhibited the proliferation of CMCs.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed1997

The changes of tear break up time after myopic excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy.

We compared the tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer test value after myopic excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Patients with normal preoperative Schirmer test value and BUT were included. Pre- and post-operative tear break-up time and Schirmer test values were measured in 220 eyes who underwent PRK. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. Visx 20/20 B excimer laser was used for myopic PRK. Six months after surgery, no significant changes in Schirmer test value between pre- and post-operation were observed. However, 47.8% of eyes showed a decrease in BUT after surgery, and 72.7% of patients with decreased BUT complained of dry eye symptom. There was no significant relationship between BUT changes and uncorrected visual acuity after PRK. BUT changes did not influence the PRK visual outcome, but excimer laser PRK may change the tear break-up time and cause a dry eye symptom.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Expression of mast-cell-specific proteases in tissues of mice studied by in situ hybridization.

The protease mRNA expression phenotype of individual mast cells was studied by in situ hybridization. Mouse mast cell protease (MMCP)-2 mRNA was expressed by mast cells located in the mucosa of the stomach of WB(-)+/+ and (WB x C57BL/6)F1(-)+/+ (hereafter WBB6F1(-)+/+) mice but not by mast cells in the same tissue of C57BL/ 6(-)+/+ mice. Even in the stomach of WBB6F1(-)+/+ mice, mast cells located in the muscularis propria did not express MMCP-2 mRNA. The mRNAs of MMCP-4 and mouse mast cell carboxypeptidase A were not expressed by mast cells in the stomach mucosa of untreated WBB6F1(-)+/+ mice but were expressed after the infection of Strongyloides venezuelensis. We examined whether MMCP-2 mRNA expression varied by changing environments of mast cells. Cultured mast cells of WBB6F1(-)+/+ mice that expressed MMCP-2 mRNA were transplanted into the stomach wall of genetically mast-cell-deficient WBB6F1(-)W/Wv mice. Mast cells that appeared in the mucosa expressed the MMCP-2 mRNA, but mast cells that appeared in the muscularis propria did not, indicating the adaptation of cultured mast cells into a new environment. In contrast to cultured mast cells, peritoneal mast cells of WBB6F1(-)+/+ mice that expressed MMCP-2 mRNA as well did not adapt to the muscularis propria of WBB6F(1)-W/Wv mice. The MMCP-2 mRNA remained to be expressed after the settlement in either the mucosa or the muscularis propria. Furthermore, the peritoneal mast cells did not change the MMCP-4 and MMCP-6 mRNA expression phenotype after the settlement in either the mucosa or the muscularis propria of WBB6F(1)-W/Wv mice. The present result indicated that both intracellular factors such as strain specificity and source of mast cells and extracellular factors such as tissue specificity and helminth infection influenced the protease expression phenotypes.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Human chorionic gonadotropin induces nitric oxide synthase mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages.

We examined the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) by mouse peritoneal macrophages. hCG had no effect on NO synthesis by itself, whereas recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) alone had modest activity. When hCG was used in combination with rIFN-gamma, there was a marked cooperative induction of NO synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effect of hCG on NO synthesis was shown at 6 h after treatment with rIFN-gamma. This increase in NO synthesis was reflected as increased amount of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, and arginase inhibited rIFN-gamma-plus-hCG-induced NO production. On the basis of these observations, we conclude that hCG activates expression of iNOS mRNA in mouse peritoneal macrophages accompanied by NO accumulation via pathway dependent on L-arginine in the culture medium.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Down-regulation of protein kinase C in murine splenocytes: a potential mechanism for 2-acetylaminofluorene-mediated immunosuppression.

2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF), an arylamide carcinogen, inhibited in a dose dependent manner mouse spleen cell proliferation in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The objective of the present studies was to investigate the effects of AAF on protein kinase C (PKC) activation, an enzyme required for LPS-induced splenocytes proliferation. After treatment with 50 microM AAF for 18 h, PKC activity in the cytosolic fraction decreases by 50% from the control level, and splenocytes lost 30% of total PKC activity. Furthermore, as determined by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, AAF inhibited the binding activity of the transcription factor complex, NF-KB, whose LPS-mediated induction is dependent on PKC activation in murine splenocytes. These results strongly suggest that LPS-mediated signaling in spleen cells is interrupted by AAF early in the signal transduction pathway, at a point proximal to the activation of PKC.

2-Acetylaminofluorene↗

PubMed1996

Preparation of bioactive Ti and its alloys via simple chemical surface treatment.

A simple chemical method was established for inducing bioactivity of Ti and its alloys. When pure Ti, Ti-6A1-4V, Ti-6A1-2Nb-Ta, and Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3A1 substrates were treated with 10M NaOH aqueous solution and subsequently heat-treated at 600 degrees C, a thin sodium titanate layer was formed on their surfaces. Thus, treated substrates formed a dense and uniform bonelike apatite layer on their surfaces in simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. This indicates that the alkali- and heat-treated metals bond to living bone through the bonelike apatite layer formed on their surfaces in the body. The apatite formation on the surfaces of Ti and its alloys was assumed to be induced by a hydrated titania which was formed by an ion exchange of the alkali ion in the alkali titanate layer and the hydronium ion in SBF. The resultant surface structure changed gradually from the outermost apatite layer to the inner Ti and its alloys through a hydrated titania and titanium oxide layers. This provides not only the strong bonding of the apatite layer to the substrates but also a uniform gradient of stress transfer from bone to the implants. The present chemical surface modification is therefore expected to allow the use the bioactive Ti and its alloys as artificial bones even under load-bearing conditions.

Alkalies↗

PubMed1996

Cytotoxic benzyl dihydroflavonols from Cudrania tricuspidata.

Three new dihydroflavonols, gericudranins A-C were isolated from the stem bark of Cudrania tricuspidata. They were identified as 6,8-di-p-hydroxybenzyltaxifolin, 8-p-hydroxybenzyltaxifolin and 6-p-hydroxybenzyltaxifolin, respectively, by means of spectral studies. These compounds were cytotoxic to human tumor cell lines, such as CRL 1579 (skin), LOX-IMVI (skin), MOLT-4F (leukemia), KM12 (colon) and UO-31 (renal) in culture, with ED50 values of 2.7-31.3 micrograms ml-1.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗

PubMed1996

Facilitation of apoptosis by autologous serum and related immunosuppression in the splenocyte culture.

The addition of adult mouse serum (MS) to the culture of mouse splenocytes resulted in an accelerated decrease of viable cell number during initial 24 h of culture as determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion test and the propidium iodide staining method. Furthermore, the extent of DNA fragmentation, the hallmark of apoptosis, determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and the amount of fragmented DNA measured by ELISA method showed that the extent of apoptosis was clearly increased in splenocytes cultured in the presence of MS. Under the scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations, the large portion of splenocytes showed morphological characteristics of apoptotic cells such as apoptotic body, condensed chromatin and shrunken appearance. With the accelerated rate of apoptosis, the immunocompetence of splenocytes such as the antibody production, natural killer cell activity, and proliferation by mitogens was strongly suppressed. When analyzed by surface immunolabelling flow cytometry, the subsets of lymphocytes (B, T, CD4+T and CD8+T cells) were affected in a global non-selective manner. As determined by ultrafiltration, the molecular weights of apoptosis-facilitating factors present in MS appeared to be greater than 10 kDa. Upon fractionation with Sephadex G-200, the apoptotic factors were separated into 2 fractions. In summary, results obtained in the present study indicate that some unidentified endogeneous macromolecules present in MS may produce the stimulatory effect on the apoptosis and cause immunosuppression of splenocytes under culture.

Animals↗