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Biomedical subjects

H M Foy

Publications and source records attributed to H M Foy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Co-circulation of two influenza A (H3N2) antigenic variants detected by virus surveillance in individual communities.

From March through June 1977 a total of 31 influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated from students with respiratory disease who were seen at the student health service on the Berkeley campus of the University of California, and 32 influenza A (H3N2) viruses were isolated from persons who participated in a city-wide febrile respiratory disease surveillance program in Seattle. The antigenic specificity of the hemagglutinin was determined for each isolate by hemagglutination inhibition testing with sera from ferrets infected with prototype strains A/Victoria/3/75 and A/Texas/1/77. In each of the three months, April, May and June, A/Victoria/3/75-like and A/Texas/1/77-like viruses were identified among isolates from both communities, and the numbers of isolates of the two antigenic variants from patients seen with influenza-like illnesses were similar. The findings emphasize the need to examine multiple isolates even from within single communities to determine the antigenic specificity of current strains of influenza virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Second attacks of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Long-term surveillance of pneumonia in a group that received prepaid medical care disclosed five cases of pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae that recurred in immunocompetent persons after a lapse of two and one-half to 10 years. Diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of M. pneumoniae, by observation of changes in titer of antibody, and by chest films. In addition, a patient with a variable immunodeficiency syndrome that affected the bone marrow-derived (B-) cell system had recurrent infection with M. pneumoniae within a one-year interval. Naturally acquired immunity to infection with M. pneumoniae appears to be of limited duration.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Clinical reactions and serologic responses in healthy children aged six to 35 months after two-dose regimens of inactivated A/New Jersey/76 influenza virus vaccines.

In collaborative clinical trials, two-dose regimens of four monovalent A/New Jersey (NJ)/76 influenza virus vaccines were evaluated in 89 children aged six to 35 months. Clinical reactions to vaccination consisted primarily of low-grade fever. Rectal temperatures of between 100 F and 102 F occurred less frequently after inoculation with split-product vaccines (seven [23%] of 31 children) than whole-virus vaccines (19 [33%] of 58). After administration of single doses of vaccines, titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody reached greater than or equal to 1:20 in three (13%) of the 23 recipients of split-product vaccines and in 23 (51%) of the 45 recipients of whole-virus vaccines. After administration of two doses, 89%-94% of recipients of Parke, Davis and Company (PD, Detroit, Mich.), Merrell-National Laboratories (Cincinnati, Ohio), and Merck Sharp and Dohme (West Point, Pa.) vaccines, but only 50% of the recipients of Wyeth Laboratories (Philadelphia, Pa.) vaccine, had titers of HAI antibody of greater than or equal to 1:20. Single doses of more reactogenic whole-virus vaccines may be justifiable for rapid immunization of young children during epidemics of influenza. Given in a two-dose regimen, however, PD split-product vaccine was immunogenic and was the most well-tolerated vaccine tested in this age group.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Safety of influenza vaccination in allergic children.

One hundred forty-two allergic children aged three to 18 years were studied for evaluation of the usefulness of skin testing with influenza vaccine as a means of identifying those children who could be immunized safely despite their allergies to chickens, eggs, or feathers. One hundred twenty-eight children were fully immunized with bivalent influenza A/New Jersey/76-A/Victoria/75 vaccine. Twelve children had positive skin tests and were not immunized, and two developed positive skin tests after their first injection. One child had urticaria 8 hr later, one had a nonspecific reaction, and one had a self-limited erythema multiforme reaction eight days after the second injection. All others tolerated the procedure well. History of sensitivity to eggs was not as reliable an indication of vaccine sensitivity as skin testing with vaccine. A negative result of an intradermal skin test with a 1:100 dilution of the vaccine in saline appeared to be a reliable indicator of allergic subjects who could be immunized against influenza without fear of life-threatening acute allergic reactions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Longitudinal studies of types A and B influenza among Seattle schoolchildren and families, 1968-74.

Longitudinal studies of influenza were conducted by postepidemic collection of sera and illness information among Seattle schoolchildren from 1968 to 1974 and in family groups from 1972 to 1974. The rate of infection with A/Hong Kong (H3N2) virus was lowest in the 1968-1969 epidemic; rates were twice as high in the epidemics of 1970 and 1972, and in the A/England (H3N2) epidemic of 1973. The introduction of a new strain of influenza type A or type B caused higher rates of infection in junior high than elementary schoolchildren. For influenza A, a shift in strain was associated with higher rates in the urban area than in the suburban area. The proportion of adolescents with serological evidence of infection who reported typical illness was 40%-42% in all three A/Hong Kong epidemics and 54% during the A/England epidemic. Reinfection with the A/Hong Kong strain was rare. Recent natural infection with the A/Hong Kong virus (1972) afforded 62% protection in the 1973 epidemic of A/England influenza.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Adeno-associated virus in adenovirus type 3 conjunctivitis.

Although human infection with adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) has been demonstrated, there is no evidence that disease results from such infections. The proportion of adenovirus infections which are dual infections with AAV is virtually unknown, since special methods are required to demonstrate infection with AAV. To search for AAV, we re-examined a collection of specimens from 40 persons involved in an epidemic of pharyngoconjunctival fever associated with a swimming pool. Virological and serological studies indicated that the etiological agent was adenovirus type 3. When the 91 original eye, throat, and fecal specimens were re-examined, using methods suitable for detection of adenovirus and AAV, 37 strains of adenovirus type 3 and 35 strains of AAV type 3 (AAV3) were isolated. Surprisingly, 19 AAV3 but only 11 adenovirus isolates were found in eye specimens, whereas adenovirus isolates were equally distributed in all types of specimens. Four AAV3 strains were isolated from adults. Significant (fourfold or greater) rises in AAV3 complement-fixing antibody titers were seen in six of 14 persons shedding AAV3, whereas nine of 10 persons shedding adenovirus type 3 showed significant rises in adenovirus complement-fixing antibody. These results raise the question whether AAV persists better in eyes than adenovirus or that a possible association with conjunctivitis might be present. In contrast to the results in the specimens from the swimming pool epidemic, only one of 36 adenovirus strains isolated in other Seattle-based studies yielded AAV. Complement fixation tests on serial sets of sera collected from 60 children not involved in the swimming pool episode revealed nine AAV2 and 12 AAV3 infections during a 4-year period.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1975

Pneumococcal isolations from patients with pneumonia and control subjects in a prepaid medical care group.

The incidence of pneumococcal infections and pneumonia among the 150,000 members of a prepaid medical care group in Seattle was assessed by an intensive study of outpatients for one year from June 1971 through May 1972. Respiratory specimens (sputum, pharyngeal, and nasal) from patients with pneumonia or febrile respiratory disease and from age- and sex-matched control subjects were cultured for pneumococci on media and in mice. Total rate of pneumonia was 11 per 1,000. Twenty-four per cent of patients with pneumonia and 12 per cent of control subjects carried pneumococci. The patients with pneumonia from whom the pneumococcus was isolated did not differ clinically on average from those without such isolates. Lobar and bacteremic pneumonia were extremely rare. The rate of pneumococcal infections and carriers was highest in the spring. Although young children had the highest rate of pneumonia from all causes there was no difference in the isolation rate between ill children and control children. The highest rate attributable to pneumococci was in those larger than 40 years of age. Pneumococcal carrier rates were much lower than those reported in the 1930s. Thirty-nine per cent of patients with pneumonia had evidence of viral or mycoplasmal infection, as determined primarily by serologic methods. Pneumococcal pneumonia was not a serious problem in this average, employed population in Seattle.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1972

Correlation of circulating capsular polysaccharide with bacteremia in pneumococcal pneumonia.

Immunoelectroosmophoresis with rabbit anticapsular antibody was used to detect type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharide in serum from bacteremic patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. The test could detect as little as 0.1 to 1.0 mug per ml or 0.2 to 2 ng per test of polysaccharide from types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, and 18, and its sensitivity was 10 times that of double immunodiffusion. Although antigen could be detected by double immunodiffusion with types 7 and 14, no antigen could be detected by immunoelectroosmophoresis. Types 7 and 14 polysaccharides were found to be positively charged, whereas the other polysaccharides were negatively charged. Forty-six patients with pneumonia were selected for study because pneumococci corresponding to those types where the test was known to work had been isolated from blood or the respiratory tract. Antigenemia correlated strongly with bacteremia: 12 of 20 bacteremic patients with pneumonia showed antigenemia, whereas 26 patients negative for bacteremia did not show circulating antigen detectable with antisera against the pneumococcal type isolated from the respiratory tract. The apparent concentration of circulating polysaccharide ranged from 0.1 to 100 mug per ml of serum, and the concentration did not appear to diminish appreciably in 10 to 15 days. Three of 12 patients with antigenemia died, and two of these had the highest levels of circulating antigen observed.

Adolescent↗