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Biomedical subjects

H M Emrich

Publications and source records attributed to H M Emrich.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Renin-like (angiotensinogenase) activity in sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis and controls.

Using bioassay method (rat blood pressure technique) as well as the radioimmunoassay, renin-like activity (RLA) was measured in eccrine sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas (CF) and of controls. Sweat-formation was induced by pilocarpine-iontophoresis or by local injection of carbamylcholine (Doryl). RLA-values between O (not measurable) and 460 ng/ml.h were measured. With increasing sweat flow-rate a tendency to lower RLA-values was detected. No significant difference was observed between CF and controls. From the observation that RLA of sweat is up to 30 times higher than that of plasma, it is concluded that RLA is probably released not from plasma but from the sweat glands themselves, where it is stored or synthesized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Indication of the metarhodopsin I-II transition by absorption-changes of Eriochromblack T.

The dye eriochromblack T (erio T), added to an aqueous suspension of bovine retinal outer segments solubilized by digitonin, shows a light-induced absorption-increase at lambda = 645 nm. Erio T is shown to directly interact with miscellar metarhodopsin I and metarhodopsin II. The absorption-changes of erio T can be regarded as an indication of the transition from the metarhodopsin I conformation (with associated Ca2+) to the metarhodopsin II conformation (with associated H+).

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Indication of an antipsychotic action of the opiate antagonist naloxone.

In 20 psychotic patients with frequent hallucinations and/or actual delusional experience a possible antipsychotic action of the opiate antagonist naloxone (N-allyl-noroxymorphone) was investigated, using a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design. 18 of these patients were not treated with neuroleptic drugs; 13 suffered from an acute episode of schizophrenia. Psychopathological changes were assessed by the use of the IMPS-scale and of a symptom-specific rating scale (VBS). Intravenous injection of naloxone (in most cases 4.0 mg) induced a reduction of psychotic symptomatology (especially hallucinations) in the majority of patients. Compared with placebo this effect reached statistical significance within 2-7 hours after injection. From this result a possible involvement of endogenous ligands of opiate receptors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia may be concluded.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

ALPHA-Amylase activity in sweat and serum of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas.

The hypothesis by Doggett and Harrison, according to which alpha-amylase is the pathogenic factor of the exocrinopathy in cystic fibrosis (C.F.), is investigated. No elevation of alpha-amylase in sweat and serum of C.F. patients, as compared with controls of similar age, is observed. It is concluded that the "C.F. factor" cannot be identified with alpha-amylase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Cystic fibrosis: normal volumes of red cells. Model experiments on the pathomechanism of the disease.

Normal values of mean cell volume (M.C.V.) and of distribution of single cell volumes (S.C.V.) have been observed in erythrocytes of patients with cystic fibrosis using an electronical particle-volume analyzer (sheath flow detector). From these results a strong defect in red cell salt transport seems improbable. Valinomucin induces shrinking (by increase of K+ permeability) and gramicidin D induces swelling (by increase of Na+ permeability) of normal erythrocytes. Addition of C.F. sweat to normal erythrocytes induces no volume change. From this result no influence of the "C.F. factor" on passive ion permeability is concluded.

Cystic Fibrosis↗
PubMed1976

The effect of Ca2+ on the metarhodopsin I-II transition. I. Experiments.

The effect of Ca2+ on kinetics and equilibrium of the Meta I-II transition was studied in rhodopsin-digitonin-solutions using flash-photometry. With increasing Ca2+-concentrations the Meta I-II-equilibrium is shifted to Meta I. The pH-dependence of the Meta I-II equilibrium is suppressed by Ca2+. To obtain the same effect as with bivalent cations about the 10-fold concentration of univalent ions is required. Ca2+-ions have also an effect on the rate of equilibrating Meta I-II: with increasing Ca2+-concentration the rate-constants of the rapid and slow component decrease and become equal to the value at pH8. This observation can be described as an inhibition of the catalytic effect of protons by Ca2+. Similar results are obtained with Mg2+, whereas K+ and Na+ are practically ineffective. In the presence of the Ca2+-blocking agents verapamil (Isoptin) and D-600 the rate of equilibrating Meta I-II is reduced. These and several former observations can be explained by a model in which the Meta I-II transition is coupled with the separation of negative fixed charges, which can be clamped by Ca2+.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of Ca2+ on the metarhodopsin I-II transition. II. Model calculations and hypothesis on a molecular mechanism of visual excitation.

The model for the effect of Ca2+ on the Meta I-II transition (cf. Part I) is formulated quantitatively and in detail. The clamping forces of Ca2+, which shift the equilibrium to the closed MI-conformation, are taken into account in the law of mass action by a higher value for the association constant of Ca2+ with MI than with MII. Thus the main features of the experimental curves of delta MII-absorption-change as a function of Ca2+- and H+-concentration can be reproduced by a few simple association equilibria. The agreement can be improved by calculating with a conformative coupling between two rhodopsin molecules. In a further modification of the model also the observed increase of delta MII in the alkaline beyond pH 9 is reproduced. Finally, the models lead to an opening and closing mechanism for a Ca2+-permeable pore across the disc membrane, thus contributing to a hypothesis of visual excitation.

Calcium↗
PubMed1976

pH of sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis.

pH of the sweat from patients with cystic fibrosis and in controls was measured as a function of the sweat-rate using a fluorescence-pH-indicator (umbelliferone). In both populations sweat is acid at low sweat-rates and alkaline at high ones. The results do not favour an abnormality of the ductal H+-secretion as the pathomechanism of cystic fibrosis.

Bicarbonates↗