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Biomedical subjects

H M Baum

Publications and source records attributed to H M Baum.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
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Cerebrovascular disease type specific mortality: 1968-1977.

Death certificates for the period 1968-1977 were examined to determine the trend, in the United States, of cerebrovascular disease death rates by type of event and demographic subgroup. The largest declines were for hemorrhagic strokes and among nonwhites. The number of hemorrhagic stroke deaths declined by 45 percent and th age-adjusted rate declined by 53 percent. Similar figures for nonwhites were 18 percent and 36 percent, respectively. It was surprising to note that the number of cerebrovascular deaths reported as poorly defined rose by 17 percent. Data on hypertension were examined. The possibility that the results with respect to hypertension are artifactual indicates the need for clinical studies which will examine the relationship between hypertension and cerebrovascular disease mortality.

Age Factors↗
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CVD mortality, 1968-1978: observations and implications.

U.S. multiple cause of death data were examined for the period 1968-1978. Specifically, the role of cerebrovascular disease mortality as an underlying and associated cause of death was studied. The number of deaths where cerebrovascular disease was cited as the underlying cause of death declined much faster than the number of deaths where cerebrovascular disease was cited as the associated cause of death. This trend is indicative of a possible change in the role of cerebrovascular disease as an associated cause of death. Cause elimination life tables were constructed for cerebrovascular disease as the underlying cause of death and as any cause of death. In the general population, eliminating stroke as a cause of death is projected to have less impact in 1978 than in 1968, for men than for women, and for whites than for nonwhites. Tables were also constructed to examine the life expectancy gains for the group of individuals who died of cerebrovascular disease. For these individuals, the gain in life expectancy at birth ranges from 9 years for white males to 18 years for nonwhite females.

Actuarial Analysis↗
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Hearing loss in the elderly: an epidemiologic study of the Framingham Heart Study Cohort.

This study used epidemiologic methods to examine hearing loss in the elderly. The Framingham Heart Study Cohort was the reference population. The participants were 935 men and 1358 women, aged 57 to 89 years. Using a conservative definition of hearing loss as threshold levels greater than 20 dB above audiometric zero for at least one frequency from 0.5 to 4 kHz, the prevalence was estimated to be 83%. The majority of cases displayed a sensorineural hearing loss. There were no statistically significant differences by sex at 1 kHz and below. Women had significantly better hearing than men at 2 kHz and above. A multivariate model was constructed to determine which variables had a significant impact upon hearing loss. Under the model, age, sex, illness, family history of hearing loss, Meniere's disease, and noise exposure were significant population risk factors. Age was by far the most critical risk factor.

Adult↗
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Stroke Prevalence: an analysis of data from the 1977 National Health Interview Survey.

Data gathered in the 1977 National Health Interview Survey indicate that stroke continues to be a major health problem in the United States. It affects approximately 2 percent of the civilian noninstitutionalized population over age 20. An examination of the stroke population revealed differences in the prevalence rates by various demographic factors, particularly age. More than 70 percent of the stroke victims were limited in their activities, and about 85 percent of all the victims had been informed of their condition by a physician. Only 62 percent indicated that they were hospitalized for their first stroke, and this finding remained unchanged when only recent strokes were examined. The low hospitalization rate may reflect a lack of information on patients who died during the interval of on those who did not associate their hospitalizations with their strokes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The National Survey of Stroke. Incidence.

The following estimates were made, based on data from The National Survey of Stroke: 1. About 297,000 persons were hospitalized annually for an initial stroke in the conterminous U.S. during the two-year baseline period 1975-76, an annual incidence rate of 140.7 per 100,000 population; 2. Incidence rates of initial strokes escalate rapidly with advancing age. Between the ages of 45 to 85, the average rates of increase in age-specific rates doubles from one 10-year age group to the next; and 3. Among persons over 45, the age-specific incidence rates are markedly higher for men than for women. After adjusting the crude incidence rates for men and women due to differences in their age composition, the average risk of an initial stroke is about 44 percent higher for men than for women. However, this statistic primarily represents the fact that males have a 60 percent higher age-adjusted incidence rate than do females for infarction strokes; whereas, the age-adjusted incidence rate for hemorrhagic strokes is 53 percent higher for females than for males.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The National Survey of Stroke. Survival and prevalence.

Based on five years of data, 1971-1976, age- and type-specific survival rates were calculated. These rates, in addition to the incidence rates reported in chapter 4, became the basis for generating estimates of prevalence. The results corroborated many of the hypotheses about stroke survival and prevalence. Briefly, the results from the National Survey of Stroke indicate the following: 1. Survival after an initial attack is a function of both age and type of stroke. Younger patients survive longer than do older patients, and infarction patients survive longer than do hemorrhagic stroke patients; 2. Regardless of type of stroke or age at first stroke, there is a period of high mortality for the first 30 days, followed by a fluctuating mortality for the next 150 days, and a constant mortality thereafter for the next four and one-half years; and 3. The prevalence of acute stroke was approximately 1.7 million, a rate of 794 per 100,000 population, as of July 1, 1976. Approximately 75 percent of the prevalence cases represent individuals between the ages of 55 and 84 years, and the age-specific rates show a marked increase with advancing age.

Adult↗