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H Li

Publications and source records attributed to H Li.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Flow-cytometric DNA analysis of early stage adenocarcinoma of the cervix.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of DNA flow cytometry as a prognostic indicator for risk of recurrence and overall survival in patients with early stage adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix. METHODS: DNA flow cytometry was performed to determine ploidy, DNA index, and proliferative index in 66 women with stages IB and IIA pure mucinous adenocarcinomas of the cervix treated by primary surgical therapy with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Fifty-seven of 66 (86.3%) tissue samples were analyzable. Three sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks containing primary tumor. Flow-cytometric results, along with other known prognostic variables for risk for recurrent disease and survival, were analyzed using Cox regression proportional hazards model, and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 57 interpretable samples, DNA ploidy patterns were 18 (27%) diploid, 8 (12%) tetraploid, and 31 (47%) aneuploid. Thirteen of 66 patients (20%) experienced recurrence with a median time to recurrence of 1.6 years. No significant correlation was noted between DNA ploidy and risk of recurrence (P = 0.429). Multivariate analysis confirmed that positive metastatic lymph nodes were associated with risk of recurrence (P < 0.001). In node-negative patients, a high proliferative index (S% + G(2)M% > 20%), measured as a continuous variable, was the only significant factor for tumor recurrence (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: DNA ploidy does not predict a patient's risk for tumor recurrence; however, a high proliferative index value warrants further investigation as a potential prognostic indicator for risk of recurrent disease in patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1999

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of early stage adenocarcinoma of the cervix.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the utility of DNA flow cytometry as a prognostic indicator for risk of recurrence and overall survival in patients with early stage adenocarcinomas of the uterine cervix. METHODS: DNA flow cytometry was performed to determine ploidy, DNA index, and proliferative index in 66 women with stage IB and IIA pure mucinous adenocarcinomas of the cervix treated by primary surgical therapy with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. Fifty-seven of 66 (86.3%) tissue samples were analyzable. Three sections were obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue blocks containing primary tumor. Flow cytometric results, along with other known prognostic variables for risk for recurrent disease and survival, were analyzed using the Cox regression proportional hazards model and survival curves generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Of 57 interpretable samples, DNA ploidy patterns were 18 (27%) diploid, 8 (12%) tetraploid, and 31 (47%) aneuploid. Thirteen of 66 patients (20%) experienced recurrence with a median time to recurrence of 1.6 years. No significant correlation was noted between DNA ploidy and risk of recurrence (P = 0.429). Multivariate analysis confirmed that positive metastatic lymph nodes were associated with risk of recurrence (P < 0.001). In node-negative patients, a high proliferative index (S% + G(2)M% > 20%), measured as a continuous variable, was the only significant factor for tumor recurrence (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: DNA ploidy does not predict a patient's risk for tumor recurrence; however, a high proliferative index value warrants further investigation as a potential prognostic indicator for risk of recurrent disease in patients with adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1999

A PCR assay for discriminating Neisseria gonorrhoeaebeta-lactamase-producing plasmids.

Oligonucleotide primers were developed for use in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to differentiate three related, epidemic beta-lactamase-producing plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae-the Asia-(7426 bp), Africa-(5599 bp) and Toronto-(5154 bp) type plasmids. One-hundred and two N. gonorrhoeae isolates with different plasmid profiles were tested-16 isolates carried the Asia plasmid, 41 isolates contained the Africa plasmid, 16 isolates contained the Toronto plasmid and 29 isolates contained no beta-lactamase-producing plasmids. Most (101/102) isolates also carried the gonococcal cryptic plasmid, while 27/102 and 44/102 isolates carried either the transfer plasmid or the tet M-containing plasmids, respectively. The assay was 100% sensitive and specific for identifying the correct plasmid type. This assay is useful for rapidly detecting the presence of gonococcal beta-lactamase-producing plasmids in clinical samples and discriminating them for epidemiological typing.

Africa↗
PubMed1999

Treatment of hepatitis caused by cytomegalovirus with allitridin injection--an experimental study.

To demonstrate the anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) activity of allitridin injection (AI), an active anti-infection component of garlic, the in vitro effects of AI on human CMV (HCMV) AD169 and 7 newly isolated strains from patients and its in vivo effect on mice of murine CMV (MCMV) hepatitis were assessed. It was found that plaque reduction rate reached 63.5% after infected cells were treated with cell maximal tolerable concentration (7.5 micrograms/ml) of AI. Meanwhile, flow cytometric analysis for effect of AI on expression of HCMV immediate-early antigen (IEA) showed that IEA inhibition rate of 7 isolated strains was in the range from 43.3% to 66.7%, with a mean of 58.4%, similar to that of AD169 strain (60.5%). On the other hand, in vivo anti-CMV activity of AI was evaluated in terms of liver pathological changes, liver function and viral replication. Six model mice with MCMV hepatitis received the treatment of AI for 2 weeks. The severity of liver damage, levels of sALT and MCMV IE genes expression in liver tissues in the treated mice were significantly lower than those of the corresponding untreated controls. Our results showed that AI had an obvious anti-CMV activity both in vitro and in vivo.

Allyl Compounds↗
PubMed1999

The comprehensive evaluation on four indices of drug resistance in acute myeloid leukemia.

To study sensitivity of drug resistance indexes and resistance manner in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), MTT drug sensitivity, growth types of CFU-L in vitro, Bcl-2 antigen and Bcl-2/Bax ratio and intracellular fluorescence intensity of daunorubicin (DNR) were determined. In 62 cases of AML, the positive coincidence rate was 73% with MTT test and the negative coincidence rate was 70%. In 3 commonly used drugs, if one drug showed sensitivity, the coincidence remission rate reached 71%. In 51 cases of AML, there were 31 patients in the group of complete remission (CR), in which CFU-L of 29 patients showed independent growth. CFU-L of 2 patients showed no growth. However, there were 20 patients in the group of non-remission (NR), in which CFU-L of 14 patients showed independent growth. CFU-L of 6 patients showed non-growth pattern. Statistical analysis showed significant difference (P < 0.05). In 32 cases of AML, the expression rate of Bcl-2 was 59.55% +/- 19.56% in drug-sensitive group, and one was 77.36% +/- 11.91% in drug-resistant group, respectively (P < 0.05). At the same time, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was 7.50 +/- 5.04 in drug-sensitive group and one was 14.32 +/- 8.99 in drug-resistant group, respectively (P < 0.05). In 15 case of clinically drug-resistant AML, the fluorescence histogram of DNR showed left-shift of main peak (LSMP) in 12 patients. They were diagnosed as classical drug resistance. Meanwhile, 1 patient showed right-shift of main peak (RSMP) in 3 patients. They were diagnosed as re-growth drug resistance. It is concluded that MTT and CFU-L might be used for prediction of drug sensitivity or resistance when patients were on treatment. Bcl-2 and ratio of Bcl-2/Bax might be associated with the prognosis. DNR histogram could be employed for identify the pattern drug resistance. The strength and weakness of these techniques were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

P53 gene mutations in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

To understand P53 gene change of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and human malignant lymphoma cell lines, the exons 5-7 of 29 patients with NHL and 9 kinds of human malignant lymphoma cell lines were studied by silver staining PCR-SSCP technique. Three cases of P53 gene point mutation was found in 29 cases of NHL. Mutation developed in exon 5 in 2 cases, and in exon 6 in 1 case. They were all diffuse lymphoma. In mutation cases, B-cell lymphoma accounted for 2 cases and the other one was T-cell lymphoma. There was no P53 gene mutation in low-grade follicular lymphoma. Seven strains out of 9 kinds of lymphoma cell lines had P53 gene point mutation. One strain had the mutation in exon 5; 5 strains in exon 6 and 1 strain in exons 5, 6, 7. There was a high mutation rate in lymphoma cell lines and low mutation rate in NHL patients. P53 gene plays an important role in lymphoma cell line establishment, cell regeneration and disease evolution.

Exons↗
PubMed1999

Identification and genetic mapping of Xenopus TAP2 genes.

The amphibian Xenopus laevis is one non-mammalian vertebrate in which the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been analyzed extensively. Class IIbeta, class Ia, LMP2, LMP7, HSP70, C4, Factor B, and Ring3 genes have been identified and mapped to the MHC. Here, we report the isolation of a transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) gene, TAP2, and demonstrate its linkage to the MHC. While the ATP-binding region of Xenopus TAP2 is highly conserved in evolution, amino acid identity to other vertebrate TAP proteins was not detected in the N-terminal region. Segregation analysis of 34 individuals from two families showed exact restriction fragment length polymorphism matching between the MHC class Ia gene and the one TAP2 gene demonstrating linkage conservation since the mammalian/amphibian divergence approximately 350 million years ago. In addition, one non-MHC-linked TAP2-hybridizing fragment was detected in approximately half of the individuals tested. Interestingly, TAP2 allelic lineages appear to match those of LMP7 and classical class I, which previously were categorized into two highly divergent groups that emerged at least 60 million years ago. Similar to LMP7 and class Ia,TAP2 is expressed ubiquitously with highest levels in intestine and spleen.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1999

Factors predicting patterns of recurrence after resection of N1 non-small cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Although irradiation and chemotherapy are unproved adjuvant treatments for completely resected N1 non-small cell lung carcinoma, previous studies may have been diluted by the inclusion of low-risk patients. Risk factors in this situation, however, are not yet well defined. METHODS: One hundred seven consecutive patients with complete resection of N1 disease who received no other therapy were studied to identify factors independently predicting the risk of freedom from local recurrence (FFLR), freedom from distant metastasis (FFDM), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: Twelve factors were assessed for a potential prognostic relationship with FFLR, FFDM, and OS. Regression analyses revealed that the factors independently associated with an improved outcome were positive bronchoscopic findings (FFLR, p = 0.005), a greater number of dissected N1 nodes (FFDM, p = 0.02), and a lesser T stage (OS, p = 0.01). Classification and regression tree analyses were then used to separate the patients into risk groups. CONCLUSIONS: Although these results require corroboration in further studies, they may aid the design of trials examining therapies used to decrease rates of local recurrence or distant metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of pressure on the tertiary structure and dynamics of folded basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.

The on-line high-pressure cell NMR technique was used to study pressure-induced changes in the tertiary structure and dynamics of a globular protein, basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). Practically all the proton signals of BPTI were observed with (1)H two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy at 750 MHz at variable pressure between 1 and 2000 bar. Chemical shifts, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE), and line shapes were used to analyze conformational and dynamic changes of the protein as functions of pressure. Linear, reversible, but nonuniform pressure-induced chemical shift changes of practically all the C(alpha) protons and side chain protons showed that the entire secondary and tertiary structures are altered by pressure within the folded ensemble of BPTI. The high field shift tendency of most side chain proton signals and the increase in NOE intensities of some specific side chain protons indicated a site-specific compaction of the tertiary structure. Pressure dependence of ring flip rates was deduced from resonance line shapes of the slices of the two-dimensional NMR spectrum for ring proton signals of Tyr-35 and Phe-45. The rates of the flip-flop motions were considerably reduced at high pressure, from which activation volumes were determined to be 85 +/- 20 A(3) (or 51.2 ml/mol) and 46 +/- 9 A(3) (or 27.7 ml/mol) for Tyr-35 and Phe-45, respectively, at 57 degrees C. The present experiments confirm that pressure affects the entire secondary and tertiary structures of a globular protein with specific compaction of a core, leading to quite significant changes in slow internal dynamics of a globular protein.

Aprotinin↗
PubMed1999

Hypothalamic obesity caused by cranial insult in children: altered glucose and insulin dynamics and reversal by a somatostatin agonist.

OBJECTIVE: Hypothalamic obesity is a rare sequela of cranial insult, for which pathogenesis and treatment remain obscure. In rodents ventromedial hypothalamic damage causes hyperphagia, obesity, hyperinsulinism, and insulin resistance. Reduction of insulin secretion in humans may attenuate weight gain. METHODS: Eight children with intractable obesity after therapy for leukemia or brain tumors underwent oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) with simultaneous insulin levels before and after treatment with octreotide for 6 months. RESULTS: In comparison with a 6-month pre-study observation period, patients exhibited weight loss (+6.0 +/- 0.7 kg vs -4.8 +/- 1.8 kg; P =.04) and decrease in body mass index (+2.1 +/- 0.3 kg/m(2) vs -2.0 +/- 0.7 kg/m(2); P =.0001). Recall calorie count decreased during the 6 months of treatment (P =. 015). OGTT demonstrated biochemical glucose intolerance in 5 of 8 patients initially and in 2 of 7 at study end, whereas insulin response was decreased (281 +/- 47 microU/mL vs 114 +/- 35 microU/mL; P =.04). Percent weight change correlated with changes in insulin response (r = 0.72, P =.012) and changes in plasma leptin r = 0.76, P =.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with hypothalamic obesity demonstrate excessive insulin secretion. Octreotide administration promoted weight loss, which correlated with reduction in insulin secretion on OGTT and with reduction in leptin levels. Pre-study biochemical glucose tolerance improved in several patients while they were receiving octreotide. These results suggest that normalization of insulin secretion may be an effective therapeutic strategy in this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Effect of surgically induced varicocele on testicular blood flow and Sertoli cell function.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of varicocele on testicular blood flow and expression by Sertoli cells of transferrin and androgen-binding protein (ABP), to determine whether varicoceles impair Sertoli cell function. METHODS: Experimental varicocele was established in male Sprague-Dawley rats by partial ligation of the left renal vein. The control group received a sham operation. At 30 minutes after surgery, rats underwent a xenon-133 washout study, and at 30 days after surgery, transferrin, ABP, and testicular blood flow were evaluated. Expression of transferrin and ABP were evaluated using immunohistochemical techniques. Testicular blood flow was measured using xenon-133 clearance techniques. Statistical analyses were done with an independent t test. RESULTS: The testicular blood flow was 16.7 +/- 1.25 mL/100 g/min in varicocele-bearing rats and 21.01 +/- 0.46 mL/100 g/min in sham-operated rats 30 minutes after surgery. Testicular blood flow remained decreased at 30 days in varicocele-bearing rats (15.12 +/- 1.08 mL/100 g/min) and remained stable in the control group (19.45 +/- 0.55 mL/100 g/min). The expression of transferrin and ABP was significantly reduced in varicocele-bearing rats compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that a decrease in testicular blood flow may lead to impaired Sertoli cell function in varicocele-bearing rats.

Androgen-Binding Protein↗
PubMed1999

Penile implant success in patients with corporal fibrosis using multiple incisions and minimal scar tissue excision.

OBJECTIVES: To establish the efficacy of "minimal scar tissue excision" in the treatment of penile fibrosis. METHODS: Thirty-four patients with extensive penile fibrosis who underwent placement of penile implant from October 1989 to April 1998 were evaluated by a chart review of the patient's follow-up data. Function of the implant was evaluated at follow-up visits. The follow-up ranged from 4 to 84 months (mean 23.7, median 22). All patients had undergone minimal scar tissue excision of the fibrous tissue in the penis. RESULTS: All patients underwent successful introduction of the penile implant, and in no patient was the procedure abandoned because of technical difficulty. Intraoperatively, 1 patient developed a tear in the crus. It was not recognized during the initial operation but was repaired at a subsequent date by Gore-Tex grafting. The Uniflate prosthesis of another patient failed 2 years after the initial surgery and was replaced with the Mentor alpha-1 implant. None of the patients developed infection. All the patients had a functioning implant at the time of last review. CONCLUSIONS: Minimal scar tissue excision is a safe and effective method in the management of extensive penile fibrosis.

Cicatrix↗
PubMed1999

Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activities in rat testis after chronic cocaine administration.

OBJECTIVES: Our recent study has shown that cocaine has adverse action on spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats. Adverse effects of cocaine on the testes may be mediated by oxidative damage and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Glutathione is a cellular antioxidant and is found in high concentrations in the rat testes. In this study, the effects of chronic cocaine administration on the activities of glutathione peroxidase, the level of testicular reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation were investigated. METHODS: Thirty-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were given cocaine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg body weight) subcutaneously daily for 90 days. Control animals received equal volumes of normal saline daily for 90 days. Testes were removed at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after cocaine injection. Tissues were washed and homogenized in ice-cold metaphosphoric acid solution or Tris-HCI buffer. Reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and malonaldehyde levels were determined by colorimetric assay. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Testicular reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased in the treatment testes 15, 30, 60, and 90 days after chronic cocaine injection compared with controls (P <0.05). The testicular malonaldehyde level was 20.8% (P <0.05), 22.1% (P <0.05), 31.2% (P <0.05), and 24.7% (P <0.05) above the control value on days 15, 30, 60, and 90, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that chronic administration of cocaine to male rats induces a depletion of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. Adverse effects of cocaine on the testes are at least in part due to impairment of the function of the antioxidant defense and further enhancement of lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Primary hyperalgesia to mechanical and heat stimuli following subcutaneous bee venom injection into the plantar surface of hindpaw in the conscious rat: a comparative study with the formalin test.

To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of pathological pain, it is important and necessary to develop an animal model characterized by both spontaneous tonic pain and hyperalgesia with a prolonged duration post-tissue injury. In this report, we investigated whether the two animal models of spontaneous tonic pain (the formalin test and the bee venom test) could develop a hyperalgesia to mechanical and thermal stimuli in the injured area following subcutaneous (s.c. ) administration of the two chemical agents into the plantar surface of one hindpaw in the conscious rats. It was found that the persistent nociceptive response (flinching and lifting/licking the injected hindpaw) was monophasic and lasted for 1-2 h followed by a 72-96 h period of reduction in mechanical threshold and heat latency of withdrawal reflex in the bee venom injection area; however, in contrast, the spontaneous pain-related response was biphasic followed by a permanent hypoalgesia or analgesia in the formalin injection area although the duration and response intensity of spontaneous pain was comparable with those following bee venom treatment. Subcutaneous. bee venom injection also produced a distinct reduction of heat latency on the contralateral hindpaw, while s.c. formalin did not. On the other hand, s.c. bee venom injection produced a striking edema and redness of the plantar surface for nearly the same period as the development of hyperalgesia, while the edema and redness could not be obviously observed after the formalin treatment. In the control study, repetitive suprathreshold mechanical or heat stimuli applied to the plantar surface with or without saline treatment did not significantly influence the mechanical threshold or heat latency, suggesting that the phenomena of mechanical and heat hyperalgesia were not the effects of vehicle treatment or those of the stimulus modalities themselves. Taken together, our present results showed that in contrast to s.c. formalin injection, subcutaneous. bee venom injection produced little tissue damage but a striking inflammation accompanied by a prolonged spontaneous pain and a pronounced primary hyperalgesia to mechanical and heat stimuli in the treated hindpaw and a heat, but not mechanical, hyperalgesia in the contralateral hindpaw, implicating that bee venom model may have more advantages over the formalin test and probably other chemoirritants to study the neural mechanisms underlying pathological pain and, especially, the relationship between spontaneous pain and development of hyperalgesia.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

A colorimetric microtiter plate PCR system detects respiratory syncytial virus in nasal aspirates and discriminates subtypes A and B.

We developed a colorimetric microtiter plate (MTP) PCR system for specific detection of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nucleocapsid gene and differentiation of viral subtypes A and B. Of 47 pediatric nasal aspirate specimens, the sensitivity and specificity were 94.4% (17 of 18) and 100% (15 of 15), respectively, when compared with RSV cell culture isolation in HEp-2 cells. An additional 14 specimens positive for adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, influenza, or parainfluenza viruses did not give positive reactions. PCR testing detected a mean of 0.15 (0.01 to 7.00) plaque-forming units of RSV virions. Inhibition of PCR amplification was detected in 33.3% (6/18) of undiluted specimens and could be avoided by a dilution (1:10) of extracted RNA without decreasing test sensitivity. RSV subtype, as determined by allele-specific probes, was identical to that determined by an immunofluorescence assay. These results indicate that the MTP PCR system provides a sensitive and specific test for clinical laboratory diagnosis and simultaneous subgroup classification of RSV infection.

Cell Culture Techniques↗
PubMed1999

The role of B-cells in experimental myasthenia gravis in mice.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) and experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) are caused by auto-antibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the postsynaptic membrane. To evaluate the extent to which the humoral immune response against AChR operates in the pathogenesis of EAMG, we immunized B-cell knockout (microMT) and wild type C57BL/6 mice with AChR in complete Freund's adjuvant. The ability of AChR-primed lymph node cells to proliferate and secrete IFN-gamma in response to AChR and its dominant peptide alpha 146-162 were intact in microMT as in wild type mice. Similar levels of mRNA for IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 in AChR-reactive lymph node cells were detected in microMT and wild type mice. However, microMT mice had no detectable anti-AChR antibodies and never developed clinical EAMG. We conclude that B-cells are critically required for the genesis of clinical EAMG, but not for AChR-specific T-cell priming.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Association of redox-active iron bound to high molecular weight structures in nuclei with inhibition of cell growth by H2O2.

Perturbations to Fe species contributing to generation of DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and inhibition of growth by H2O2 were studied in HL-60 cells made Fe-deficient by 24 h pretreatment with 144 microM bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid and 400 microM ascorbic acid (Free Radic. Biol. Med. 20: 399; 1996). The diffusion distance for SSB generation (d) in Fe-deficient cells, measured via inhibition with the *OH scavenger Me2SO using alkaline elution, was 6.5 nm. This is similar to the d for Fe-normal cells reported previously. After 1 and 3 h in fresh RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% serum, SSB generation increased from 29 to 56 and 93% of control Fe-normal cells, respectively. The d of the major contributor to SSB generation at these two treatment times was 1.9 nm. This d resembled the d for Fe-ATP as determined in isolated Ehrlich cell nuclei. The association of ATP with Fe2+ was further supported by decreased SSB generation in cells in which ATP synthesis was inhibited. In contrast to SSB generation, H2O2-induced inhibition of growth of Fe-deficient cells treated immediately after placing in fresh medium was not appreciably different from Fe-normal cells. However, after 3 h, an approximately 70% greater concentration of H2O2 than for control, Fe-normal cells was required to inhibit growth. This increase in H2O2 concentration was associated with decreased generation of SSBs by H2O2 in isolated HL-60 cell nuclei. Thus, Fe bound to nuclear structures is more closely associated with inhibition of cell growth than apparent Fe-ATP species. In parallel experiments, changes in total cellular Fe assayed by ashing and complexing with ferrozine were consistent with a non-transferrin mode of acquisition. These short-term changes appear due to processes accompanying reestablishment of the Fe content and distribution normally observed during long-term growth.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗