Biomedical subjects

H Li

Publications and source records attributed to H Li.

At least 703 records · Page 39Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

[Cytomegalovirus infection and the changes of T-lymphocyte subsets in RAU patients].

OBJECTIVE: To study the quantitative changes of the T-lymphocyte subsets in RAU patients with different stages and to know the influences of cytomegalovirus(CMV) on cellular immunity in RAU patients. METHODS: CD4(helper/inducer) and CD8(suppressor/cytotoxic) cells in the peripheral blood were tested with monoclonally immunocytochemical technique (APAAP method) in 26 ulcerative stage patients and 10 inactive patients. RESULTS: The percentages of CD4 and CD8 cell were 36.19% and 29.38% respectively in ulcerative stage. The ratio of CD4/CD8 was 1.28 and it was inverted (< 1.0) in 26.92% of the patients. The percentages of CD4, CD8 cells was 39.90% and 34.21% in inactive stage respectively. The ratio of CD4/CD8 was 1.17. The number of CD4 and CD8 cells in ulcerative stage and CD4 cells in inactive stage was significantly lower than the normal values, P < 0.05. The number of CD8 cells in inactive stage was not significantly different compared with the normal value. However the numbers of CD3(total T cells), CD4 and CD8 cells increased to some extent in inactive stage. CD4 cells was significantly lower in 11 human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA positive patients than that in 9 HCMV DNA negative patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A permanent disorder of cellular immunity was an important part of pathogenesis in RAU. CMV infection may be an important factor resulting in the disorder of cellular immunity because of the imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Comparative study of technique of laser welding ceramo-alloy by different gap distance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the quality of laser welded non-precious base alloy by different gap distance and its clinic probability. METHODS: Laser welded ceramo-alloy CW-PA specimens by different gap distance of 0.0 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, Tested joined sample's UTS, microhardness; took SEM examination on its tensile fracture surface and metallographic examination on longitudinal cross section. RESULTS: The study showed that UTS of Laser welded CW-PA by different gap distance of 0.0 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm is (446.05 +/- 82.50) MPa, (485.97 +/- 62.35) Mpa, (503.32 +/- 65.79) MPa respectively, approach to original rod (421.53 +/- 21.78) MPa (P > 0.05). Microimage at tested samples of gap distance at 0.0 mm, 0.25 mm are good. CONCLUSION: It revealed that 1. Laser welding specimen should be contacted as close as possible 2. The gap distance should be less than 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm is better, and easy to handle.

Dental Soldering↗

PubMed2000

[Effect of chang'ai kangfu decoction on immunity in postoperational patients with large intestine cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Chinese drug Chang'ai Kangfu decoction (CAKF) on immunity in post-operational patients with large intestine cancer (LIC). METHODS: Forty-eight patients with LIC in Dukes' B, C stage after operation were randomly assigned to 3 groups, the CAKF group (16 cases), chemotherapy group (17 cases) and combination therapy (CAKF plus chemotherapy) group (15 cases). 5-FU and mitomycin C were given to the chemotherapy group. The dynamic changes of T-lymphocyte subsets, NK cells and immunoglobulins were investigated. RESULTS: Before operation, the CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and the activity of NK cells in LIC patients were lower, but CD8+ was higher than that of normal level (P < 0.01), which indicated that cellular immunity in LIC was in immunosuppressive state, they all further reduced 1 week after operation, particularly CD3+ cell counts, but CD3+, CD4+ and the activity of NK cells normalized 1 month after operation in CAKF group, and 2 months were needed to normalize in combination therapy group. Both groups recovered to a certain extent in comparing with before treatment, but the chemotherapy group recovered slower. The similar results appeared in humoral immunity. CONCLUSION: CAKF could obviously increase the immunity in LIC patients after operation.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

[Inhibitory effect of panicoin on platelet activation and its mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the inhibitory pathway and the possible mechanism of panicoin on platelet activation. METHODS: The effect of panicoin on platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 release, P-selectin (GMP-140) count, levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP induced by ADP, epinephrine, arachidonic acid (AA) or thrombin were observed. RESULTS: (1) Panicoin significantly inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ADP, arachidonic acid and epinephrine in a dose-dependent manner; (2) It reduces the P-selectin number on platelet surface which was stimulated by thrombin; (3) It inhibits TXB2 release induced by AA and increases the platelet cyclic AMP level, while cyclic GMP level was not changed. CONCLUSION: Panicoin shows a potent inhibition on platelet activation and antithrombotic effect. The mechanisms seem to be related with the elevation of platelet cyclic AMP.

Blood Platelets↗

PubMed2000

[Mucosal injury of gastric corpus by hemorrhage reperfusion and comparison between preventing and therapeutic effect of Salvia extract F and cimetidine].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the mucosal injury of gastric corpus caused by hemorrhage reperfusion and to compare the anti-mucous injure effect between Salvia extract (SE) and cimetidine (CI) on it. METHODS: Model of hemorrhagic shock reperfusion injury was produced by Itoh method. Wistar rats used in this experiment were randomly divided into three groups, the normal saline (NS) group, the SE group and the CI group. RESULTS: (1) As compared with those in the NS control group, the index and depth of gastric mucosal lesion in the SE group and the CI group decreased significantly (P < 0.01), but the difference between the latter two was insignificant (P > 0.05). (2) Compared with those in the NS group and the CI group, the levels of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TXB2 raised and TXB2 lowered obviously in the SE group, while no significant difference was shown between those in the NS group and the CI group. (3) The intracellular calcium content in the SE group and the CI group was markedly higher than that in the NS group (P < 0.01), but there was insignificant difference between the SE and the CI group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both SE and CI could inhibit the gastric mucosal reperfusion injury, but with different mechanisms. SE could not only enhance the protective factors of gastric mucosa, but also abate the injury factors of it, while CI has the latter only.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Specific antibodies for the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the specificity and sensitivity of antiperinuclear factor (APF), anti-keratin antibody (AKA), anti-Sa antibody and anti-RA33 antibody in the diagnosis of RA. METHODS: 128 patients with RA, whose durations were within 1 year, were included. APF and AKA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on the human buccal mucosa cells and the straum corneum of Wistar rat esophagus. Anti-Sa antibody and anti-RA33 antibody were examined by Western blotting. Sa antigen was extracted from human placenta while RA33 antigen from Ehrlich cells. RESULTS: (1) The specificities and sensitivities of APF, AKA, anti-Sa antibody and anti-RA33 antibody were 91.4% (224/245) & 35.2% (45/128), 90.2% (221/245) & 32.0% (43/128), 90.6% (222/245) & 33.6% (43/128), 89.8% (220/245) & 28.9% (37/128), respectively, versus 72.3% (177/245) & 44.5% (57/128) for rheumatoid factor (RF). There were no statistical differences in the specificity between the four antibody groups and RF until 1:128 were taken as positive titer. Among 71 patients with RF-negative RA, 15 (21.1%) were positive for APF, 18 (25.4%) positive for AKA, 21 (29.6%) positive for anti-Sa antibody and 17 (23.9%) positive for anti-RA33 antibody. (2) Specificity and sensitivity were 95.1% (233/245) and 46.1% (59/128) respectively when two of the four antibodies turned out to be both positive. If three or more kinds were detected simultaneously, specificity was as much as 99.6% (108/128). (3) Statistical difference was found among the four groups defined by the number of positive antibodies in radiographic stage and patients assessment of illness. CONCLUSION: (1) Dictation of APF, AKA, anti-Sa antibody and anti-RA33 antibody can greatly improve the specificity of diagnosis of early RA and serve as a complement when RF is negative. (2) Combined detection of the above four antibodies has a better discrimination ability as a laboratory criterion than that of RF. (3) Three or more positive antibodies may be an indicator of severe bone erosion and emergent demand for early treatment with better outcome.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗

PubMed2000

[NOS activity in vascular smooth muscle cells of hypertension patients and the effect of AVP on NO synthesis].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the essential hypertension (EH) patients, determine the effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on NO synthesis, and evaluate their significance in the pathogenesis of hypertension. METHODS: VSMCs of EH and normotensives (NT) were isolated by compound collagenase method and cultured in vitro. We detected the NO concentration and the activity of NOS in cell culture medium and determined the effects of AVP on NO synthesis and NOS activity. RESULTS: NO concentration and the activity of NOS in VSMCs of EH were 0.84 nmol/2.5 x 10(6) cells +/- 0.08 nmol/2.5 x 10(6) cells and (0.23 nmol/min +/- 0.08 nmol/min per 2.5 x 10(6) cells respectively, which were significantly lower than in VSMCs of NT (2.48 nmol/2.5 x 10(6) cells +/- 0.19 nmol/2.5 x 10(6) cells, 0.37 nmol/min +/- 0.06 nmol/min per 2.5 x 10(6) cells, respectively, both P < 0.01). Under AVP induced conditions, NO concentration 3.89 +/- 0.33 nmol/2.5 x 10(6) cells and NOS activity 1.81 nmol/min 2.5 x 10(6) cells +/- 0.09 nmol/min 2.5 x 10(6) cells) in VSMCs of EH were significantly lower than in VSMCs of NT (9.09 nmol/2.5 x 10(6) +/- 0.75 nmol/2.5 x 10(6) cells), 2.80 nmol/min 2.5 x 10(6) cells +/-0.21 nmol/min 2.5 x 10(6) cells, respectively, both P < 0.01). NO concentration and NOS activity in VSMCs of both EH and NT group increased in a culture-time-dependent and AVP-concentration-dependent manner (both P < 0.01). NO concentrations in VSMCs of EH in different culture time increased with the enhancement of NOS activity, and there was significant positive relevance between them (4 h r = 0.940, P < 0.01; 8 h r = 0.993, P < 0.01. CONCLUSION: NOS-NO system of EH, with attenuated responsiveness to AVP, is probably abnormal in structure or function, and is involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Inhibition of recombinant Rb gene adenovirus vector on the growth of ovarian cancer cell line].

OBJECTIVE: To test and study the effect of inhibition on the growth of ovarian cancer cell line CAOV3 transfected by the recombinant Rb gene adenovirus vector. METHODS: The recombinant Rb gene and the LacZ gene in adenovirus vector were constructed and transfected into the CAOV3 cell line separately. The Rb gene expression was detected by immunohistochemical assay and agarose gel electrophoresis, etc. The inhibition on the growth of CAOV3 was tested by flow cytometry and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, etc. RESULTS: The constructed recombinant Rb gene adenovirus vector could infect cells with high level expression of Rb protein, and Rb cDNA could be found in the transfected cells. The proliferation of transfected CAOV3 cells was inhibited evidently. Sixty-eight per cent of cells were arrested at G(0), G(1) phases of cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The recombinant Rb gene adenovirus vector could transform CAOV3 cells efficiently and inhibit CAOV3 cell growth. It might be a new approach of gene therapy for ovarian cancer.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed2000

[Expression of Fas ligand in urogenital malignant cell lines and renal cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of Fas ligand in urogenital malignant cell lines and renal cell carcinoma. METHODS: With immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we detected the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) in 6 urogenital malignant cell lines, bladder carcinoma cell lines (T(24), EJ, BIU-87), renal cell carcinoma cell lines (GRC-1, RCC-949), prostatic carcinoma cell line (PC-3M), and 10 cases of renal cell carcinoma. RESULTS: The expression of FasL was detected in 3 (BIU-87, RCC-949, GRC-1) of the 6 urogenital malignant cell lines with immunocytochemistry, and 4 (BIU-87, RCC-949, GRC-1, PC-3M) of 6 urogenital malignant cell lines with RT-PCR method. No expression of FasL was detected in bladder carcinoma cell lines T(24) and EJ. Eight of 10 renal cell carcinoma tissues positively expressed FasL mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: FasL can express in urogenital malignant cell lines and renal cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed2000

[T1, T2 squamous or adenocarcinoma of the lung:characteristics of lymph node metastasis and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency, distribution and features of lymph node metastasis in T(1)/T(2) squamous or adenocarcinoma of the lung, and to provide evidence for extensive dissection of lymph nodes. METHODS: 254 patients with T(1)/T(2) squamous or adenocarcinoma of the lung underwent R2 surgery plus extensive dissection of hilar, interlobular and mediastinal lymph nodes according to the grouping system proposed by Naruke. RESULTS: 1 685 groups of lymph nodes were dissected. The metastatic rates of N(1) and N(2) was 20.0% and 10.2% respectively. Significant difference existed between T(1) and T(2) tumors (P < 0.01). No N(2) metastasis was found in T(1) squamous cell carcinoma. N(2) metastatic rates were 22.0% in squamous cell carcinoma and 40.9% in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01). 64.3% of squamous carcinoma spread to only one group of N(2) nodes, and over 3 groups of lymph nodes were positive in 46.2% of adenocarcinoma. Saltatory metastasis accounted for 57.5% of N(2) metastasis. 13.6% of N(2)-positive tumors in upper lobes metastasized to the lower mediastinum, whereas 51.6% of N(2)-positive cancers in the lower lobes spread to the upper mediastinum. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of lymph nodes metastasis increases with the growth of tumors. Metastasis in adenocarcinoma occurs more frequently than in squamous carcinoma. Tumor at any site can metastasize to the distant mediastinum. Except for T(1) squamous cancer, radical surgery can be achieved only by extensive dissection of ipsilateral intrapulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome after open chest wound and seawater immersion: experimental study].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of seawater immersion on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after chest trauma. METHODS: Twenty health dogs were divided into two groups. Right open pneumothorax was induced in both control group (n = 10) and experimental group (n = 10). After induction of chest trauma, animals in the experimental group were immersed in artificial seawater. Blood samples were taken at seven different intervals for assessing blood gas, plasma level of TNFalpha, and IL-1 beta. Changes of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine (Cr) were measured. At the end of study, lung was harvested for assessing lung water content and ratio of wet weight and dry weight. RESULTS: A significant elevation of ALT, AST, CK and LDH was observed in both groups. Organ functional parameters in the experimental group were consistent with the failure standard at 30 minutes after seawater immersion, and those in the control group at 4 hours. Post-trauma mortality and incidence of MODS were much higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (P < 0.01). The plasma levels of TNFalpha and IL-1 beta significantly increased at 30 minutes and reached the highest level at 60 minutes after seawater immersion. The time of peak level appeared earlier in the experimental group than that in the control group. CONCLUSION: Seawater immersion after open chest trauma results in high incidence of MODS and high mortality rate due to progressive dysfunction of multiple organs.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Hemodynamic and pathologic changes in open abdominal wound after seawater immersion in dog].

OBJECTIVE: To study the experimental basis for the treatment to the sick and wounded with abdominal open wound in land warfare and naval battle. METHODS: Animal model was made with adult dogs to observe the changes of mean artery pressure (MAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central vein pressure (CVP), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI) and pathologic changes of heart, pulmonary, hepatic, nephritic, intestinal, and gastric tissues under the optical and electrical microscope. RESULTS: Comparing with simple open abdominal, the hemodynamic disorder in open wound after seawater immersion was more serious; with a higher death rate. CONCLUSIONS: There was differences in hemodynamic and pathologic changes in seawater immersion wound and general wound. The body damaged is seriously when open abdominal wound immersed in seawater. Special measure must be taken in treating open abdominal wound after seawater immersion.

Abdominal Injuries↗

PubMed2000

Lymph node metastasis of T1, T2 squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung: characteristics and clinical significance.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency, distribution and features of lymph nodes metastasis in T(1)/T(2) squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung, and to provide evidence for extensive dissection of lymph nodes. METHODS: 254 patients with T(1)/T(2) squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of lung underwent R2 surgery plus extensive dissection of hilar, interlobular and mediastinal lymph nodes according to the grouping system proposed by Naruke. RESULTS: A total of 1 685 groups of lymph nodes were dissected. The metastatic rates of N(1) and N(2) were 20.0% and 10.2%. The difference was very significant between T(1) and T(2) (P < 0.01). No, N(2) metastasis was found in T(1) squamous carcinoma. N(2) metastatic rates were 22.0% in squamous carcinoma and 40.9% in adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01). 64.3% of squamous carcinomas spread to only one group of N(2) nodes, and over 3 groups of lymph nodes were positive in 46.2% of adenocarcinomas. Saltatory metastasis accounted for 57.5% of N(2) metastasis. 13.6% of N(2)-positive tumors in the upper lobes metastasized to the lower mediastinum, whereas 51.6% of N(2)-positive tumors in the lower lobes spread to the upper mediastinum. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of lymph node metastasis increases with the growth of tumors. Metastasis occurs more frequently in adenocarcinoma than in squamous carcinoma. Tumor at any site can metastasize to the distant mediastinum. Except for T(1) squamous carcinoma, radical surgery can be achieved only by extensive dissection of ipsilateral intrapulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2000

[Primary non-specific ureteritis].

OBJECTIVE: To better understand primary non-specific ureteritis. METHODS: The etiological, clinical, and pathological manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of 3 cases of primary non-specific ureteritis were discussed. RESULTS: Preoperative diagnosis failed. Uretero-ureterostomy was performed in 2 cases, and ureteroneocystostomy in one. The patients were free from hydronephrosis and ureteral dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis depends on pathological manifestations, differentiation from secondary non-specific ureteritis, ureteral tuberculosis, negative X-ray of ureteral stone and ureteral carcinoma. Surgical intervention is effective with good prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer: value for predicting the status of axillary node].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate feasibility and accuracy of intraoperative lymphatic mapping with sentinel lymphadenectomy (SLND) for predicting axillary status in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Our study enrolled 52 patients with primary breast cancer, clinically and ultrasonographically negative axillae. Mapping procedures and SLND were performed using methylene blue injected at the primary breast cancer site followed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Sentinel node (SN) was examined by using frozen sections intraoperatively and all of the axillary lymph nodes were evaluated pathologically (HE) after operation. RESULTS: Sentinel nodes were identified in 46 (88.5%) of 52 procedures and nodal status accurately predicted axillary in 44 (95.7%) of 46 cases. In 2 (4.3%) of 46 cases, the SN was false-negative. The overall sensitivity of the SN technique was 90.9%, with a specificity of 100%. The overall positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 92.3%, respectively. In 15 (75%) of 20 cases of clinically negatively and pathologically positive axillary, the SN was the only tumor-involved lymph node identified. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that intraoperative lymphatic mapping using a vital dye and SLND can accurately predict the axillary status of primary breast cancer patients with clinically and ultrasonographically negative axillae.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[The epidemiological study of HIV infection among paid blood donors in one county of China].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the prevalence of HIV infection among paid blood donors and risk factors. METHODS: Selected the residents between 18 to 50 years old from two villages in one county of China in 1997. We observed the prevalence of HIV infection and keep following them to 2000. RESULTS: Nine hundred sixty-three residents were investigated and the prevalence of HIV was 1.8% (17/963). There were 88 paid blood donors among 963 interviewed subjects, the HIV prevalence was significantly higher (17.0% or 15/88) than those who didn't have the experiences of paid blood donations (0.2% or 2/875). Only one person out of 668 who were followed from 1997 to 2000 has converted to sero-positive, the incidence of HIV infection is 0.06 per 100 person-years. Nearly half of sero-negative and sero-positive people have the experiences of muscle injection. Among those with HIV-positive spouse, we found no one converted to sero-positive. The CD(4) count of those sero-positive people declined every year. HIV subtype and C2-V3 region sequence analysis were made for five HIV-positive people in 1998, the result indicated that all of them were infected with HIV-1 subtype B' and the genetic divergence rate was 2.4%. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of HIV among paid blood donors in some regions, and paid blood (plasma) donations were the main risk factor for HIV infection. Although no evidence suggests that during the follow-up period the epidemic of HIV infection has spread locally, it still shall take measurements to prevent further transmission of HIV through paid blood donors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Study on the relations between HLA-DRB 1 alleles and Helicobacter pylori infection].

OBJECTIVE: In order to study the relation between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1 alleles and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. METHODS: Hp-IgG antibody from 46 gastric cancer (GC), 75 esophageal cancer and 100 population-based controls were identified by Hp-IgG quantitative enzyme immunoassay. Biotest HLA-DRB enzyme linked probe hybridization assay kit (low resolution) was used to identify DRB1 alleles. RESULTS: (1) Frequency of DRB1 * 08 was significantly higher in Hp-IgG positive group than in Hp-IgG negative group (13.1% vs 4.4%, chi(2) = 11.14, P < 0.001). Frequency of DRB1 * 12 was significantly lower in Hp-IgG positive group than in Hp-IgG negatives (5.4% vs 11.3%, chi(2) = 4.49, P < 0.05). (2) Frequency of DRB1 * 02 in GC was significantly higher than that of controls. Frequency of DRB1 * 07 in GC was significantly lower than that of controls. However, neither the frequency of DRB1 * 02 between Hp-IgG positive and Hp-IgG negative groups nor the frequency of DRB1 * 07 between Hp-IgG positive and Hp-IgG negative groups showed significant differences in GC and controls. CONCLUSIONS: (1) HLA-DRB1 * 08 might serve a genetic risk factor for Hp infection while DRB1 * 12 might play a role of protecting effect against Hp infection. (2) DRB1 * 02 might be a genetic risk factor for GC while DRB1 * 07 might play a role of protecting effect against GC. However, the relations between DRB1 * 02, DRB1 * 07 and GC were not associated with Hp infection.

Alleles↗

PubMed2000

[Toxicity to neural cell development of lead and its relation to glutathione].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the toxicity of lead to embryonic neural cell development and its relation to glutathione level. METHODS: Rat midbrain micromass culture method was used to observe effects of lead on viability, differentiation and glutathione (GSH) content of embryonic neural cells. RESULTS: Lead concentrations at 3.69 micromol/L and 1.03 micromol/L could inhibit neural cell variability and differentiation by 50%, respectively, both in a significant dose-response pattern. Lead also could cause increase level of glutathione. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, could not only reduce adverse effect of lead on GSH, but also antagonize its toxicity to cell survival and differentiation. CONCLUSION: Lead can specifically inhibit neural cell differentiation and its neurotoxic effects on brain cell development correlated to imbalance in redox status which is mainly mediated by decrease of GSH content.

Acetylcysteine↗