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Biomedical subjects

H Li

Publications and source records attributed to H Li.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

MMP/TIMP expression in spontaneously hypertensive heart failure rats: the effect of ACE- and MMP-inhibition.

OBJECTIVE: Determine the effect of a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) on collagen, MMP, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) expression in the spontaneously hypertensive heart failure (SHHF) rat. METHODS: Six groups were tested: normotensive 9- and 13-month-old Wistar-Furth (WF) rats, 9-month-old SHHFs (compensatory hypertrophy), 13-month-old SHHFs with HF, and 13-month-old SHHFs orally administered with either an MMPi (PD166793, 5 mgkg(-1)day(-1)) or ACEi (quinapril, 10 mgkg(-1)day(-1)) for 4 months. Collagen volume fraction was assessed histomorphometrically. Left ventricular (LV) mRNA [MMP-1,-2,-3,-7,-9,-11,-13,-14; TIMP-1,-2,-3,-4; and collagen alpha1(I) and alpha1(III)] and protein (MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymographic activity; Western blot analysis of MMP-13, and TIMP-1,-2,-4) levels could be quantified. RESULTS: Collagen mRNA levels were elevated in SHHFs compared to age-matched controls, but collagen volume fraction was elevated only in 13-month-old SHHFs (approximately 2x). Only MMP-2 mRNA levels increased significantly with HF. However, MMP-2 and MMP-9 zymographic activity, and MMP-13 protein levels increased. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA and protein levels increased, and TIMP-4 protein levels decreased in SHHFs vs. controls. Both drug treatments reduced LV dilation; preserved systolic function; and normalized MMP/TIMP expression. Both drug treatments also reduced collagen volume fraction, but only quinapril reduced collagen mRNA levels and LV hypertrophy. CONCLUSIONS: The divergent effect of MMPi and ACEi on collagen mRNA levels and hypertrophy indicate that drug efficacy is mediated by different pathways in the SHHF rat.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2000

Evolution of matrix metalloprotease and tissue inhibitor expression during heart failure progression in the infarcted rat.

OBJECTIVE: Characterize the timecourse of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -9, -11, -12, -13, and -14) and endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4) upregulation during left ventricular (LV) remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) in rats. METHODS: The descending left coronary artery of male rats (Rattus norvegicus) was ligated to produce a MI. LV function and dilation were assessed from 1 day to 16 weeks post-MI. Protein and mRNA extraction was done on LV samples containing scar and myocardium together. Gelatinase activity was measured by zymography. Westerns were run on the MMPs known to cleave fibrillar collagen in the rat (MMP-8, -13, and -14) as well as TIMP-1, -2, and -4. RESULTS: Average infarct size was 38.6+/-1.1%, and produced LV dysfunction and progressive LV dilation. Thoracic ascites, a marker of congestive heart failure (HF), was not present until 12 weeks post-MI. Upregulation of MMP-2, -8, -9, -13, and -14 and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 was detected at different timepoints during HF progression. Increased MMP protein levels occurred sometimes without a corresponding elevation in mRNA levels, and increased TIMP mRNA levels without increased protein levels. MMP-13 active form was elevated during the first 2 weeks post-MI while TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein levels were not significantly elevated until 2 weeks post-MI. MMP-8 and MMP-14 protein levels increased later during heart failure progression. CONCLUSION: MMP/TIMP upregulation evolves over time following infarction in the rat LV. Some MMPs were significantly elevated during the first week post-MI (MMP-13, -2, and -9) and another was not until 16 weeks post-MI (MMP-14). The dissociation between LV MMP/TIMP mRNA and protein levels shows that post-translation processing occurs in the rat heart.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Tubal ligation and risk of cervical cancer. The World Health Organiztion Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives.

Data from a hospital-based case-control study collected in eight countries were analyzed to determine whether tubal ligation alters risk of invasive squamous-cell cervical cancer. Study subjects included 2339 cases aged 22 to 64 years with newly diagnosed squamous cell cervical cancer in 10 participating medical centers, and 13,506 hospitalized controls matched on age and place of residence to the cases. After adjustment for age, center, caesarian section, number of live births, number of marriages or other sexual relationships, age at first sexual relationship, and frequency of Pap smears, a small decrease in risk was observed during the first 5 postoperative years. Tubal ligation probably provides an opportunity for secondary prevention of cervical cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Mechanical design of proteins studied by single-molecule force spectroscopy and protein engineering.

Mechanical unfolding and refolding may regulate the molecular elasticity of modular proteins with mechanical functions. The development of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) has recently enabled the dynamic measurement of these processes at the single-molecule level. Protein engineering techniques allow the construction of homomeric polyproteins for the precise analysis of the mechanical unfolding of single domains. alpha-Helical domains are mechanically compliant, whereas beta-sandwich domains, particularly those that resist unfolding with backbone hydrogen bonds between strands perpendicular to the applied force, are more stable and appear frequently in proteins subject to mechanical forces. The mechanical stability of a domain seems to be determined by its hydrogen bonding pattern and is correlated with its kinetic stability rather than its thermodynamic stability. Force spectroscopy using AFM promises to elucidate the dynamic mechanical properties of a wide variety of proteins at the single molecule level and provide an important complement to other structural and dynamic techniques (e.g., X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, patch-clamp).

Elasticity↗
PubMed2000

Nanoleakage patterns of four dentin bonding systems.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nanoleakage patterns of four dentin bonding systems. METHODS: The dentin bonding systems used in this study were: Single Bond, One Coat Bond, Prime & Bond NT/Non Rinse Conditioner (NRC), and PermaQuik. Flat occlusal dentin surfaces from extracted human molars were finished with wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper, and bonded with one of the dentin bonding systems. After 24 h storage at 37 degrees C in water, margins were finished with polishing discs and the surrounding tooth surfaces coated with nail varnish. The samples were immersed in a 50% (w/v) solution of silver nitrate for 24 h, and exposed to photodeveloping solution for 8 h. The samples were cut longitudinally, polished, and mounted on stubs, carbon coated and observed in a Field Emission-SEM using backscattered electron mode. RESULTS: Different nanoleakage patterns were observed with the different adhesive systems. However, accumulations of silver particles were often noted at the base of the hybrid layer for all materials. Single Bond and One Coat Bond demonstrated uptake of silver particles both within the hybrid layer and the adhesive resin. Prime & Bond NT/NRC showed silver staining throughout almost the entire thickness of the hybrid layer. The leakage pattern of PermaQuik revealed loose silver deposition within the hybrid layer. The composition of each adhesive system may play a role in forming the different leakage patterns. SIGNIFICANCE: The current dentin bonding systems used in this study do not achieve perfect sealing at the restoration/dentin interface, which may influence the durability of the bond to dentin.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed2000

Effect of heparin-surface-modified intraocular lenses on postoperative inflammation after phacoemulsification: a randomized trial in a United States patient population. Heparin-Surface-Modified Lens Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: To compare postoperative inflammation occurring with heparin-surface-modified (HSM) versus non-HSM polymethyl methacrylate intraocular lenses (IOLs) after phacoemulsification. DESIGN: Randomized, double-masked, multicenter, parallel trial. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 367 patients, consisting of routine (n = 220), glaucoma (n = 58), and diabetes (n = 89) patients, from eight US medical centers. METHODS: Patients were observed for 1 year after phacoemulsification and lens implantation (week 1, months 1, 3, 6, 12). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary measures of postoperative inflammation defined as the presence of giant cells on the lens surface via specular micrography and cellular deposits via slit-lamp examination. RESULTS: The cross-sectional analyses showed that consistently fewer routine patients with HSM lens implants had giant cells on the IOL than those with non-HSM lens implants across all follow-up visits. The statistical significance (P < 0.05) was observed at all visits except month 12 for routine patients. The diabetes patients also demonstrated the same giant cell difference, and the statistical significance was observed at all visits including month 12. A similar trend was also observed in the glaucoma patients, with statistical significance only at the 3-month visit. For cell deposits, significant differences in favor of the HSM lens (P < 0.05) were observed at 3 months among routine and diabetes patients, and at 3 and 6 months among glaucoma patients. A longitudinal data analysis using the generalized estimating equation approach indicated statistically significant treatment effect of HSM lenses in reducing inflammation in all patients except for cellular deposits in diabetes patients. In all patient groups, sight-threatening complications were not reported either more frequently or with more severity than normally expected for patients who have undergone cataract extraction and IOL implantation. CONCLUSIONS: The present study, the only one to have used phacoemulsification in virtually all patients (211/220 [96%] routine, 57/58 [98%] glaucoma, and 84/89 [94%] diabetes) is the largest to evaluate and compare concurrently routine, glaucoma, and diabetes patients. It is also the first US patient population study to document that heparin surface modification reduces postoperative inflammatory responses, as measured by specular micrography and slit-lamp examination, especially in the early postoperative period.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Ameliorative effect of tacrine on spatial memory deficit in chronic two-vessel occluded rats is reversible and mediated by muscarinic M1 receptor stimulation.

Our previous study demonstrated that permanent two-vessel occlusion (2VO)-induced working memory deficit was improved by daily administration of tacrine, a cholinesterase inhibitor. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the effects of tacrine in 2VO rats using the eight-arm radial maze task. Daily administration of tacrine (0.1 or 0.3 mg/kg i.p.) started 5 weeks after the 2VO operation significantly improved the maze performance. In the delay-interposition task, a significant impairment of maze performance was observed in the tacrine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.)-treated rats at a delay of 90 min but not delays of 5 or 30 min. Sham-operated rats were not affected by delay. After leaving animals with no further treatment for 4 weeks, the tacrine-pretreated 2VO rats showed significantly impaired performance compared to the sham-operated control animals. However, the performance of the tacrine-pretreated 2VO rats was significantly improved by restarting the daily administration of tacrine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.). The effect of tacrine was reversed by the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine and the selective M1 antagonist pirenzepine. Moreover, a microdialysis study revealed that tacrine (1 or 3 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) level for a period of over 3 h in the cerebral cortex of 2VO rats. These findings suggest that the ameliorative effect of tacrine on the spatial memory deficit in 2VO rats is reversible and may be mediated by stimulating the muscarinic M1 receptor via elevation of the extracellular ACh level in the brain.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2000

Seizure models: anticonvulsant effects of ECT and rTMS.

1. A variety of enzymes, peptides, neurotrophic factors and their receptors show complex cascades of alterations with amygdala-kindled seizure progression; some represent compensatory adaptations that could become new targets of therapeutics. 2. Non-convulsant brain stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may be able to engage some of the neuro-adaptive effects of ECT without the necessity of inducing a seizure. 3. Data from preclinical and clinical studies raise the possibility that non-convulsant stimulation achieved by high or low frequency rTMS may be able to alter neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and neurotrophic factors, leading to frequency- and region-dependent changes in neural excitability. 4. Individual depressed patients show differential responses to two weeks high vs. low frequency rTMS, as revealed by the inverse correlation of degree of improvement in depression achieved by these two frequencies. 5. Preliminary data from rTMS and positron emission tomography (PET) studies reveal moderately sustained differential effects of rTMS frequency on regional cerebral neural activity in depressed patients. 6. These data suggest the possibility that an individual's level of baseline rCBF or rCMRglu on PET would help predict which rTMS frequency might be the most appropriate treatment for their depression.

Amygdala↗
PubMed2000

Adenosine receptor blockade reveals N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor- and voltage-sensitive dendritic spikes in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in vitro.

The present study was done to determine the possible effects of endogenous adenosine, present in the extracellular fluid of the hippocampal slice, on pyramidal cells in the CA1 region using intracellular recording techniques. Administration of 5 microM of the adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-sulfophenyltheophylline (n=11), induced a depolarization (2.6+/-0.4 mV, mean+/-S.E.M.) with an increase in input resistance (6.7+/-2.1%) in pyramidal cells, and increased the amplitude of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials elicited by stimulation of Schaffer collateral afferents; 50 microM 8-sulfophenyltheophylline (n=68) produced a similar depolarization (3.4+/-1.7 mV) and an increase in input resistance (26+/-3.0%), but also produced spontaneous, synchronized giant excitatory postsynaptic potentials which could generate bursts of spikes. These effects lasted more than 10 min after washout. In the presence of 20 microM 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, and 50 microM D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, 50 microM 8-sulfophenyltheophylline (n=4) induced only depolarization (3.1+/-1.3 mV) and an increase in input resistance (23+/-3.8%). In the presence of 20 microM 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione only, 50 microM 8-sulfophenyltheophylline (n=7) induced not only the depolarization with an increase in input resistance, but also the occurrence of small-amplitude (11+/-5.6 mV), fast rising, all-or-none, voltage-sensitive spikes of 2-3 ms duration, which were attributed to a dendritic origin. The latency of these dendritic spikes in response to stimulation of Schaffer collateral afferents lasted up to 21 ms. These dendritic spikes could generate one or more action potentials, depending on the resting membrane potential and the frequency of the dendritic spikes. In the presence of 50 microM 8-sulfophenyltheophylline plus 20 microM 6-cyano-7-nitro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione, 50 microM D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate blocked the spontaneous dendritic spikes (n=4). In the presence of 5 microM 8-sulfophenyltheophylline, 200 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate (n=5) increased the occurrence of dendritic spikes. These data indicate that adenosine present in the extracellular fluid of the hippocampal slice tonically inhibits not only (S)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate-mediated synaptic transmission, but also voltage- and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-sensitive dendritic spikes. Endogenous adenosine acting on adenosine A(1) receptors is thus visualized as a control to prevent the genesis of synchronized giant excitatory postsynaptic potentials. In our experiments, blockade of this tonic activation of adenosine receptors appears to have altered the origins of action potentials and led to epileptiform firing in CA1 pyramidal cells.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2000

Serotonin potentiates the response of neurons of the superficial laminae of the rat spinal dorsal horn to gamma-aminobutyric acid.

Employing the Nystatin-perforated whole-cell patch-clamp recording technique, the modulatory effects of serotonin (5-HT) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated whole-cell currents were investigated in neurons acutely dissociated from the superficial laminae (laminae I and II) of the rat spinal dorsal horn. The results showed: (1) GABA acted on GABA(A) receptors and elicited inward Cl(-) currents (I(GABA)) at a holding potential (V(H)) of -40 mV; (2) 5-HT potentiated GABA-induced Cl(-) current without affecting the reversal potential of I(GABA) and the apparent affinity of GABA to its receptor; (3) alpha-methyl-5-HT, a selective agonist of 5-HT(2) receptor, mimicked the potentiation effect of 5-HT on I(GABA), whereas ketanserine, an antagonist of 5-HT(2) receptor, blocked the potentiation effect of 5-HT; (4) Chelerythrine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, reduced the potentiation effect of 5-HT on I(GABA). The present results indicate: (1) The potentiation of 5-HT on I(GABA) is mediated by 5-HT(2) receptor and through a protein kinase-dependent transduction pathway; (2) The interactions between 5-HT and GABA might play an important role in the modulation of nociceptive information transmission at spinal cord level.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Transmission of ovine herpesvirus 2 among adult sheep.

Previous studies from this laboratory have defined the pattern of acquisition of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OHV-2) in lambs under natural flock conditions. This study examined the question of whether OHV-2 could be transmitted between adult sheep. Two potential routes of transmission were examined: (1) direct inoculation of either viable leukocytes or whole blood from OHV-2 positive sheep, and (2) horizontal transmission through natural contact with OHV-2 positive sheep. Two groups of OHV-2 negative adult sheep were inoculated with material from infected sheep, one with 5x10(8) viable peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), and the other with 100 ml of whole peripheral blood. No PCR signals were detected in any of the three sheep inoculated with the PBL during the 20 weeks following inoculation. In the group of five sheep inoculated with whole blood, two became PCR-positive at 7 and 8 weeks post-inoculation, respectively, and the remaining three sheep maintained their negative status until termination of the experiment at 20 weeks post-inoculation. In two experiments conducted in different flocks, a total of 20 adult sheep were used to examine horizontal transmission by contact; all animals became PCR-positive within 12 months of mixing the uninfected and infected animals. The results of these experiments support two conclusions. First, the susceptibility to OHV-2 is not limited to young lambs; adult sheep remain fully susceptible. Second, the fact that whole blood, but not PBL, from infected sheep was able to transmit the infection to only two of five inoculated sheep suggests that the infection in peripheral blood cells may be largely non-productive.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A retinoic acid synthesizing enzyme in ventral retina and telencephalon of the embryonic mouse.

Most retinoic acid (RA) in the embryonic mouse is generated by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDHs). RALDH1 (also called E1, AHD2 or ALDH1) is expressed in the dorsal retina, and RALDH2 (V2, ALDH11) generates most RA in the embryonic trunk. The third one, RALDH3 (V1), synthesizes the bulk of RA in the head of the early embryo. We show here that RALDH3 is a mouse homologue to ALDH6, an aldehyde dehydrogenase cloned from adult human salivary gland (Hsu, L.C., Chang, W.-C., Hiraoka, L., Hsien, C.-L., 1994. Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of an additional human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene, ALDH6. Genomics 24, 333-341), which was recently reported to act as a RALDH (Yoshida, A., Rzhetsky, A., Hsu, L.C., Chang, C., 1998. Human aldehyde dehydrogenase gene family. Eur. J. Biochem. 251, 549-557). RALDH3 expression begins in the surface ectoderm over the optic recess. In rapidly changing expression patterns it labels the appearance of several ectodermal structures: it marks the formation of the lens and the olfactory organ from ectodermal placodes, and it delineates the beginning eyelid field. Within the optic vesicle, RALDH3 is expressed in the ventral retina and the dorsal pigment epithelium. In the telencephalon, RALDH3 is expressed at high levels in the lateral part of the ganglionic eminence. From here it extends via the piriform cortex into the lower part of the septum. Of the three RALDHs, RALDH3 shows the strongest predilection for epithelia.

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed2000

PML and the oncogenic nuclear domains in regulating transcriptional repression.

Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) is a tumor suppressor involved in the t(15;17) translocation that causes acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). PML is located at multiple nuclear domains known as PML oncogenic domains (PODs), whose structures are dynamically regulated and disrupted in t(15;17) APL cells. PML is involved in several important cellular processes; however, its exact function is unclear. Recently, a POD-associated protein was found to be transcriptional repressor, suggesting a new role for PODs in regulating transcriptional repression.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of fertilin beta-disintegrin binding specificity in sperm-egg adhesion.

An essential step leading to fertilization is the binding of a sperm to the egg plasma membrane. Fertilin beta, a membrane bound protein on the extracellular surface of sperm, partially mediates this binding via the alpha6beta1 integrin. Fertilin beta is a member of the still expanding family of ADAM proteins (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) that are implicated in many cellular functions ranging from neurogenesis to myoblast fusion and cytokine processing. Fertilin beta contains a highly conserved motif (D/E)ECD in the disintegrin domain. This suggests that (D/E)ECD could be the consensus sequence for recognition of disintegrins by alpha6beta1 integrins. Previously, it has been demonstrated that small peptides containing different moieties of this consensus sequence are inhibitors of in vitro fertilization. In the present study, we sought to determine whether a four amino acid peptide sequence with two adjacent acidic residues improved inhibition, and investigated the importance for inhibition of a cysteine versus a cystine. A series of linear and cyclic peptides were synthesized, in which either one or both adjacent acidic residues in the sequence DECD were mutated to their corresponding amides (N or Q). To explore the required oxidation state of the cysteine in the (D/E)ECD sequence, it was protected as a mixed disulfide. Our results indicate that only one acidic residue is required for inhibition of fertilization and a reduced C is required.

ADAM Proteins↗
PubMed2000

Glutamine metabolism in endothelial cells: ornithine synthesis from glutamine via pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase.

L-Glutamine (the most abundant free amino acid in plasma and the body) is a potent inhibitor of endothelial NO synthesis. However, little is known about glutamine metabolism in endothelial cells (EC). As an initial step toward understanding the role of glutamine in endothelial physiology, the present study was conducted to quantify glutamine catabolism in microvascular, aortic and venous EC. For metabolic studies, EC were incubated for 1 h in Krebs bicarbonate buffer containing 5 mM glucose and 0.5-4 mM L-[U-(14)C]-glutamine. For enzymological studies, cell extracts and mitochondrial fractions were prepared to determine the activities of glutamine-degrading enzymes. Our results reveal extensive hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia in a concentration-dependent manner via phosphate-dependent glutaminase in all EC studied. In addition, both metabolic and enzymological evidence indicate a novel pathway for endothelial synthesis of ornithine from glutamine via pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. This new knowledge of glutamine metabolism may pave a new path for understanding the physiological role of glutamine in vascular function.

Alanine↗
PubMed2000

Heart rate measures in blind cave crayfish during environmental disturbances and social interactions.

Most animals continually assess the environment in which they live and alter their behavior according to various stimuli. As an observer, one looks for changes in a behavior indicating that an animal responded to a particular event. When the animal does not make significant behavioral changes as measured by bodily movements, the animal may be characterized as unresponsive to a given stimulus. This study demonstrates that when behavioral body movements can not be observed an internal physiological measure of heart rate (HR) shows dramatic changes following presentation of defined stimuli. This study used the blind cave crayfish and examined their responsiveness to the following stimuli: light (infrared, dim red, and white), water-borne vibrations, removal of water, olfactory cues, and social interaction with partners. This study demonstrates that there is substantial individual variation of HR at basal levels and with the intensity of an social interaction. We find HR is a reasonable measure of the responsiveness of blind cave crayfish to given stimuli even in the absence of observable behavioral changes. This enables the observer to determine if an individual is responsive to and making an assessment of particular cues.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Construction and selection of the novel recombinant Escherichia coli strain for poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) production.

Heterogeneous cloning of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb), lytic genes of phage lambda with S amber mutation (S(-)RRz) and PHB biosynthetic genes (phbCAB) in the same host strain E. coli JM105 was carried out for production of poly(beta-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). A superior novel strain, VG1 (pTU14), was constructed and selected, which contained the vgb gene in the chromosomal DNA and the plasmid pTU14 containing S(-)RRz and phbCAB genes. When cultured in 100 ml of LBG medium in a 300-ml flask, all of the exogenous genes in VG1 (pTU14) were expressed. The cell concentration of VG1 (pTU14) grown by batch culture in a flask reached 10.2 gl(-1); PHB concentration, PHB content and PHB yield, which is the ratio of the PHB accumulation to the glucose consumption, were 8.54 gl(-1), 84% and 0.43 gg(-1), respectively. When cultured by batch-feeding of glucose in a 300-ml shaking flask, the cell concentration and PHB content reached 26 gl(-1) and over 96%, respectively.

Journal Article↗