Pleasure, addiction, and habit: factors in verbal report of factors in smoking behavior?
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to H Leventhal.
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A comparison of the results of two assays for monitoring fetal well-being in normal and pathologic pregnancies is described. Concomitant leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score determinations and 24-hour urinary estriol excretion were preformed in the same groups of pregnant women from the 31st week of pregnancy onward. There were 45 women with normal pregnancies, 10 women with antepartum death, 8 women in whom the membranes ruptured at least 30 hours before the determination, 40 women with moderate or severe preeclampsia and 26 women with postmaturity. Determination of LAP score is an easy, rapid and inexpensive method which can be performed in every laboratory. The results are as reliable as estriol determination. Thus LAP score may serve as a valuable method for evaluation of fetal well-being.
Two experiments replicating and extending Ross, Rodin, and Zimbardo were conducted to determine whether reductions in emotional behavior resulted from misattribution of naturally occurring arousal states or from informational factors confounded in previous research. In Experiment 1, arousal or arousal-irrelevant symptoms were attributed to noise or the threat of shock. Subjects receiving arousal symptoms avoided shock less, regardless of attribution. Extended manipulation checks revealed no evidence of differential attribution of arousal. In Experiment 2 subjects heard high or low noise. Arousal symptoms were attributed to noise or threat of shock. Subjects for whom arousal symptoms were attributed to noise and who heard low noise spent more time in shock avoidance than the other three groups. Again there was no evidence of misattribution of arousal. The results are interpreted as indicating that the results of misattribution studies are best explained in terms of the presentation of arousal information in a plausible context.
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