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Biomedical subjects

H Lestradet

Publications and source records attributed to H Lestradet.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Blood glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid levels during oral glucose tolerance tests in 158 obese children.

In 158 obese children, aged from three months to 15 years, blood glucose, immunoreactive insulin, and free fatty acid levels were measured during a standard oral glucose tolerance test carried out prior to treatment. The results were analyzed for the total sample as well as for three age groups: 0-5 years, 6-10 years, and 11-15 years and compared with those of 70 normal-weight children matched for age and sex. Glucose tolerance is normal in the obese children. It is different from the controls only two hours after glucose loading, when a slight but significant elevation is found. The glucose levels at one and two hours are significantly higher in the obese children of group III than in the younger ones. Fasting F.F.A. levels are similar in normal and obese children, but the F.F.A. decrease following glucose absorption is significantly diminished in the obese. The F.F.A. levels of the youngest obese are significantly higher than those of the older ones. A constant and important hyperinsulinism, fasting and postabsorptive, is demonstrated in obese children of all ages, even before five years and at the beginning of obesity. Age- and sex-related differences in insulin secretion are much more marked in the obese than in normal children. The degree of hyperinsulinemia is related to the degree of obesity, but not to its duration. The results suggest that hyperinsulinism is associated with obesity from its onset rather than being a long-term consequence of overweight. However, the origin of hyperinsulinism in obesity and the mechanism of insulin resistance still remain obscure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[The prevalence and incidence of juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in France (author's transl)].

From notification of cases the prevalence and incidence of juvenile diabetes has been estimated in the population of France. Only diabetes treated with insulin has been considered. The prevalence of diabetes in children at the end of 1975 was one per 4,200 children who had not yet reached their 15th birthday. The number of cases increased regularly with each year of age. There are more boys than girls with diabetes but the sex ratio does not, in fact, differ significantly from that of the normal population. The incidence for 1975 was one per 27,000 children aged 0 to 14 years, i.e. one new juvenile diabetic per year can be expected in a population of 100,000 inhabitants of all ages. Diabetes was diagnosed more often in the children in October, November, December, January and February regardless of age (0 to 4; 0 to 19). Comparison of the french data with information collected from published literature and from other personal sources shows some similarities but also many marked differences between countries. Some of these differences may be due to different methods of ascertainment. Standardisation of methods is a prerequisite for comparability of data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Insulin and free fatty acid levels during oral glucose tolerance tests and their relation to age in 70 healthy children.

In 70 healthy children aged from three months to 15 years, blood glucose, immunoreactive insulin, and free fatty acids were measured during a three-hour glucose tolerance test. The results are presented for the whole group as well as for three age groups: three months-five years, six-10 years, and 11-15 years. It is demonstrated that (1) glucose levels are significantly lower in young children (younger than five years); (2) there are no significant age-related changes in free fatty acid concentration; (3) insulin levels are increasing constantly and significantly with age, the most strikingly at the age of onset of puberty; the absence of notable changes in glucose tolerance results in a rise of the I/G ratio as well. The causes for the increase of insulin secretion with age, whether of peripheral or pancreatic order, are still speculative.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Insufficiency of secretion from the exocrine pancreas in infants (excluding mucoviscidosis) Diagnosis and consequences].

The diagnosis of insufficiency of exocrine pancreatic secretion was made in two infants after demonstration of a marked decrease in the flow rate of enzyme secretions during the duodenal infusion of milk and after the IV injection of C.C.K.-P.Z. The two infants had a normal sweat test. One had pancreatic lipomatosis with neuropaenia, whilst the other had pancreatic deficiency which did not fall into the context of Shwachman's syndrome. This study suggests that the absence of exocrine pancreatic secretion is accompanied by multiple abnormalitites : decreased absorption of fats and vitamin B12 and, it would appear, variations in certain activities of the jejunal mucosa and decreased insulin stimulation from the intestine. Such a situation reflects the complexity of the relations established between the organs participating in the processes of absorption and digestion.

Child↗
PubMed1976

[Dietary behavior of the French child].

For 0 to 1 year old children, breast feeding represents a perfect reference. From the composition of maternal milk and the amount taken by a well developing child, some precise data can be drawn. These data were, in fact, utilized for preparing the maternized milks which must be, to-day the only substitute for human milk when, for any real reason, a mother is not able to feed her own baby. For older children and for adolescents, the data are incredibly rare. The few inquiries now available show some concordance on calories, glucides and lipides, but diverge strongly on proteins and calcium requirement. This lack of information does not seem to embarrass much physicians and dieticians in prescribing some measured diets to their patients; but, from a scientific point of view, this absence of data prevents strongly from understanding the studies made, for instance, on spontaneous diet in diabetic or obese children. A coordinated study, using revised nutritional tables, should be undertaken.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Blood insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance tests in the obese child. Influence of age, sex, degree and duration of obesity].

A significant increase in basic and post-stimulation insulin secretion was observed in 173 obese children undergoing oral glucose tolerance tests. The hyperinsulinism, which was not related to hyperclycemia, was more important in older and heavier children. It was also observed however in younger children since the onset of obesity. It may therefore play a role in the maintenance of the obesity but also in its development. Various hypothesis to explain the origin of this hyperinsulinism and the adaptation of the system to it are discussed.

Adolescent↗