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Biomedical subjects

H Leitner

Publications and source records attributed to H Leitner.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Sonography in the diagnosis of acute abdomen].

A prospective study with 466 patients demonstrated high value of sonography in combination with radiological methods in acute diagnosis of the abdomen. It is shown that sonography and radiology complement each other excellently. In 23% of the cases the examination, which resembles screening, indicates the quickest and most economic way through diagnostic procedures. The rate of failure is 3% only.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1984

[Real-time sonography of the skull in the newborn].

The results of 293 examinations of the skull by sonography in 170 newborn are presented. In 73 patients the results could be compared with the findings on CT or at post mortem. In 48%, abnormal sonograms of the skull were obtained, due to congenital abnormalities, hydrocephalus or intracerebral bleeds. High accuracy and wide application make real time sonography the diagnostic procedure of first choice for the examination of the brain of the newborn. An attempt has been made to determine the optimum time for the examination and suitable intervals for follow-up.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1984

[Mirizzi syndrome: a sonographic diagnosis?].

The ultrasound appearances of 11 patients with operatively confirmed Mirizzi syndrome have been analysed. The trio 'dilated intrahepatic bile ducts, concretions in the neighbourhood of the dilated common hepatic duct with a normal distal duct' permit the diagnosis of the Mirizzi syndrome with considerable certainty. In five patients these features were found by sonography and no other diagnostic procedure was necessary. In six patients, ERC was carried out in order to evaluate the distal common bile duct. In one case PTC was carried out, since the liver hilum could not be seen on sonography.

Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic↗
PubMed1982

[Preoperative roentgendiagnostic of the naso-maxillary sinuses and operative findings (author's transl)].

The preoperative roentgenmorphology of the nasomaxillary sinuses was compared with the intraoperative findings. The dates of 285 patients were evaluated. For the maxillary sinus there was correspondency in 85.7%. There were no differences in the cases explored with tomography. For the ethmoidal sinus there was correspondency in 89.5% and for the frontal sinus in 82.7%. The importance of the preoperative roentgenexamination with the standard exposure in occipitomental projection was less the demonstration of the inflammation than of other findings. The sphenoidal sinus was best explored by tomography. The standard projection did not always allow the differentiation of cysts, polyps and mucoceles in diseased sinuses. The tomography was superior to the standard projection, in tumor patients the accompanying inflammation could not be separated from tumor infiltration with certainty.

Cysts↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of rarefaction and condensation tone pips on early auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) (author's transl)].

Tone pips of suprathreshold intensity were used to elicit 7 potentials in the nanovolt range. The acoustic nerve response (I) and 4 brainstem potentials (II-V) were studied in 8 normal listeners in regard to varying acoustic polarity (rarefaction vs condensation). Rarefaction and condensation stimuli produced different responses. In the alternating mode, which helps to suppress stimulus related artifacts, waves may be generated solely as a function of the averaging process if the responses of the two types of tone pips are almost out of phase. Rarefaction tone pips exhibited a better synchronizing effect on auditory unites in the periphery and in brainstem areas. The different responses evoked by stimuli of different polarity must be recognized and controlled in neurologic application of the test.

Evoked Potentials, Auditory↗
PubMed1980

The location by early auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) of acoustic nerve and brainstem demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Tone pips of suprathreshold intensities elicit an acoustic nerve response (I) and six low amplitude brainstem potentials (II-VII) during the initial 10 ms. Seven waves were studied in 40 control subjects and 5 waves (I-V) in 47 patients with MS. The results suggest involvement of the auditory pathway of 24 of 27 patients in the clinically "definite", of 5 of 9 cases in the "probable" and in none of 5 patients in the "possible" MS groups. EAEPs were normal in 6 cases with a spinal form with one exception where changes of potential were indicative of a midbrain lesion. Dysfunction within the acoustic pathway was observed at the level of the acoustic nerve and in the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain. The significance of the bilateral EAEP abnormalities found in some patients at different levels is discussed with regard to a polytopic location of the underlying lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of varying stimulus polarity (rarefaction Vs. condensation) on early auditory evoked potentials (EAEPs).

A patient with a vascular brain stem lesion was investigated with EAEP. The results suggest that rare-faction and condensation stimuli produce different responses. The alternating mode is a compromise and helps to suppress stimulus-related artifacts and cochlear microphonics. Wave form alterations and latency shifts must be recognized and taken into account in neurological applications of this test.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of galactokinase and galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase in cultivated fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells.

The kinetic characteristics of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase and galactokinase in cultivated fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells were investigated. The Km values of galactokinase for galactose at 2.0 mM ATP are 0.34 mM in amniotic fluid cells and 0.48 mM in fibroblasts. The Km values for ATP at 0.5 mM galactose are 1.25 mM and 2.10 mM. Transferase and galactokinase activities and protein content increase logarithmically during the growth of cultivated cells. The specific activity of both enzymes also increases and reaches a maximum level 10--15 days after subculture. The specific activity of transferase increases faster than that of galactokinase in the case of amniotic fluid cells. In the case of fibroblasts the specific activity of galactokinase increases faster than that of transferase.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1979

[Early auditory evoked potentials, triggered by a sine-wave stimulus (author's transl)].

Within the first 10 ms after a sine-shaped sound wave (tone pip) seven small-amplitude potentials can be recorded in persons with normal hearing and normal brainstem functions. These components, in the nanovolt range, correspond to the electrical activity of various pathways of the auditory tract. In accordance with this view the resulting potentials were assigned to the following structures in the region of the periphery and the brainstem: component I corresponds to the cochlea or acoustic nerve (receptor, II to the cochlear nucleus (medulla), III to the upper olive (caudal pons), IV to the lateral lemniscus (rostral pons), V to the inferior colliculus (midbrain), VI to the medial geniculate body (diencephalon), VII to the acoustic radiation (cortex). Clinically well defined lesions of the acoustic nerve and brainstem indicate that there is a close topographical relationship between the clinical localisation and absence or delay of the individual components.

Auditory Pathways↗
PubMed1979

Early auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) in vertebral basilar insufficiency.

Stimulation with a short tone pip elicits an acoustic nerve compound action potential (I) and different waves (II--VII) in the inital 10 ms. Seven waves have been studied in 40 control subjects and five waves in 12 patients with vertebral-basilar insufficiency. Abnormalities of the different waves were observed at levels such as cochlea and/or acoustic nerve, medulla, caudal pons, rostral pons, and midbrain. The recording of early auditory evoked potentials (EAEP) is a noninvasive method of confirming impairment of the auditory pathway caused by a reduced vascular supply of vertebral and basilar arteries.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1975

[Automatic evaluation of ERA based on stochastic-ergodic conversion (SEC) (author's transl)].

Averaging of stimulus-locked EEG-samples often leads to unreliable results in patients for which ERA is indispensable for diagnostics, namely in the case of uncooperative children with hearing disorders. SEC converts the EEG into a binary random sequence which after averaging results directly in a probability measure for the response. Clinical experiences with an automatic evaluation procedure based on SEC are reported.

Adult↗