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Biomedical subjects

H Langrová

Publications and source records attributed to H Langrová.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Electroretinoraphic findings in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) before and after radiotherapy].

Standard ERG examinations were performed in 61 patients with ARMD before and after radiotherapy. Before the radiotherapy, a significant decrease in the cone b- wave amplitude and a significant reduction of the sum of oscillatory potentials (OP1-OP4) were found. At 24 months after the first dose of radiotherapy, a significant decrease in the rod response and 30-Hz flicker response were described. A possible explanation for the findings is an influence of radiotherapy onto primary circulatory disturbances in the whole retina in ARMD.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Evaluation of subjective complaints of patients with a visual acuity of 20/30 to 20/20 before and after cataract surgery].

PURPOSE: To quantify patient's functional visual complaints in early cataract and after cataract surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-nine patients scheduled for cataract surgery with a visual acuity of 20/30 or better on Snellen optotypes at the time of patient selection and no other ocular pathology were evaluated subjectively for visual functions preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Subjective visual functions were evaluated using a questionnaire that evaluated patient's visual functions by assessing the degree of difficulty they experience in performing tasks involving distance vision, near vision, mesopic vision and glare conditions. RESULTS: The questionnaire scores were correlated with visual performance both before cataract surgery and thereafter. Significant improvement of subjective visual performance was described postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Questionnaire should be considered as adjuncts to visual acuity and constrast sensitivity testing in evaluation of early cataract.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Transparency of the intraocular lens and its influence on distinguishing ability of the eye].

PURPOSE: To compare logMAR best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) in four types of early cataract and to evaluate influence of cataract surgery on visual functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 53 eyes (14 men, 39 women) with early cataract (BCVA 20/30 and 20/20 using Snellen charts) were examined before and within 3 and 12 months after cataract surgery. BCVA was tested using logMAR charts with Landolt rings. CS was examined on computerized system of 8010 type (Neuroscientific corp., USA) in 6 spatial frequencies between 0.74 d/deg and 29.55 c/deg. Influence of glare of 342.6 cd/m2 was tested using Brightness Acuity tester. The cataract was divided into 4 types: a) cortical (n=19); b) posterior subcapsular (n=9); c) nuclear (n=9) and d) corticonuclear (n=16). Twenty subjects were examined in the control group. RESULTS: BCVA using logMAR charts was 0.52 (0.22-1.05) preoperatively, and 0.83 (0.37-1.26) at 12 months postoperatively in the whole group of 53 patients. BCVA in patients before and after cataract surgery was significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.001, p<0.05). Postoperative improvement of BCVA was markedly higher on logMAR charts (up to 4 lines) than using Snellen charts (1 line). CS in patients before and after cataract surgery was significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.05 to p<0.001) in spite of significant improvement postoperatively (p<0.05 to p<0.001), first of all at intermediate and high spatial frequencies. Glare had only nonsignificant influence. The values of both BCVA and CS did not differ between 4 types of the cataract. CONCLUSIONS: The significant improvement of both BCVA and CS suggest that cataract surgery improve quality of life in early cataract.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Ocular subclinical changes in significant carotid stenosis].

58 patients (40 men, 18 women) affected by high-grade carotid stenosis were examined using automated perimetry and electroretinography. Patients' ages ranged from 53 to 83 years with a mean of 67 years. We examined 29 patients with unilateral and 29 patients with bilateral symptomatic stenosis of carotid arteries and cerebrovascular alterations, without ocular changes. Visual field defects were found by 41 patients (70.6%), by 51.3% patients there were mild or middle defects, by 48.7% hard defects. The results using electroretinography showed significant amplitude decrease and prolonged latencies of the oscillatory potentials on ipsilateral side in unilateral cases. Significant decrease of amplitudes OP2 in patients after the attack of amaurosis fugax has been observed too. The critical value of this amplitude was estimated to 37 muV. High-grade stenosis of carotid arteries are accompanied by visual field defects and electric retinal functions disorders at the time when objective finding on the fundus is normal. The cause of these disorders might be decreased arterial perfusion or microembolization. The perimetry and ERG findings didn't correlate, nevertheless both tests can be useful for detection of early retinal alterations and represent a help-method to determine indications for carotid endarterectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Visual function in high myopia corrected with anterior chamber phakic lens (PK PIOL). Initial results].

20 eyes (12 women, 8 men) undergoing implantation of anterior chamber phakic IOL (PIOL) for correction of the refractive error were examined before and 1 and 6 months after surgery. Median of preoperative spherical equivalent of refraction was -9.75 D (range -19.00 to -6.00 D). Contrast sensitivity (CS) was tested on a computerized system of the Contrast sensitivity 8010 type in 6 spatial frequencies (range 0.74 to 29.55 c/deg) and using the Ginsburg's charts also in 6 spatial frequencies (range 1.15 to 27.25 c/deg), the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured on the normalized charts with Landolt rings, influence of glare of 342 cd/m2 was examined using Brightness Acuity Tester. At 6 months postoperatively, median of spherical equivalent of refraction was 0.00 (-1.00 to 0.00). BCVA increased from 0.79 (range 0.50 to 0.97) preoperatively onto 0.96 (range 0.83 to 1.00). Median of CS increased in all spatial frequencies tested using both methods, significantly in the middle and high frequencies and CS almost, reached lower border of CS normal range. Glare had only nonsignificant influence on both BCVA and CS. Quality of vision postoperatively improved significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

[Effect of YAG capsulotomy of secondary cataracts on visual functions].

1. 20 patients (20 eyes) with secondary cataract and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/30 or 20/20 using Snellen charts were examined before Nd-YAG capsulotomy and 14 days postoperatively. 2. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was tested on a computerized system of the Contrast sensitivity 8010 type and on VCTS charts in 6 spatial frequencies, BCVA was measured on the logMAR charts with Landolt rings and influence of glare of 342.6 cd/m2 was tested using Brightness Acuity Tester (BAT). 3. BCVA (without and under glare) in patients before and after YAG capsulotomy was significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Postoperative improvement of BCVA was markedly higher on logMAR charts (up to 6.6 standardized lines) than using Snellen charts (1 line). 4. CS (without and under glare) using both methods in patients before and after YAG capsulotomy was significantly lower compared to the control group (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001) in spite of significant improvement postoperatively (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001), first of all at intermediate and high spatial frequencies. 5. Glare had only nonsignificant influence on BCVA and CS in all groups.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Clinical electrophysiology of two rod pathways: normative values and clinical application.

BACKGROUND: The scotopic 15-Hz flicker electroretinogram (ERG) has two limbs (slow and fast ERG rod signals), and these have been attributed to two retinal rod pathways (the ON rod bipolar and AII amacrine pathway and the rodcone gap-junction pathway). The aim of this study was to provide normative values of the scotopic 15-Hz flicker ERG, to estimate the inter-individual variability, and to apply this method to a clinical setting. METHODS: Twenty-two normal subjects, one patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and two patients with Stargardt's mascular dystrophy (SMD) participated in the study. The SMD patients were screened for mutations in the 50 exons of the ABCA4 (formerly ABCR) gene. We measured ERG response amplitudes and phases to flicker intensities ranging from -3.37 to -0.57 log scotopic trolands s at a flicker frequency of 15 Hz. RESULTS: The normal scotopic 15-Hz flicker ERG showed a biphasic amplitude pattern with a minimum at about-1.57 log scotopic trolands s, where there was an abrupt phase shift of about 180 deg. The inter-individual variability in ERG amplitude ranged from 47% to 67% for the slow and from 41% to 64% for the fast rod signal. Both the RP patient and the SMD patients (who were compound heterozygotes for mutations in the ABCA4 gene) showed reduced amplitudes for the two rod ERG pathways. CONCLUSION: The inter-individual variability might be explained by anatomical differences between individual retinae. In the RP patient, the amplitude reductions corresponded well with the standard rod ERG. In the SMD patients, however, the scotopic 15-Hz flicker ERG revealed rod dysfunction, whereas the standard rod ERG was within normal limits. The scotopic 15-Hz flicker method may be more sensitive than the standard rod ERG.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗
PubMed2001

[Visual function in myopia 2 years after photorefractive keratectomy].

1. 86 myopes undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with refraction from -0.25 D to -12.00 D were divided into 4 groups: A: up to -2.75 D, B: -3.00 D to -5.75 D, C: -6.00 D to -8.75 D and D: -9.00 D to -12.00 D. 20 emmetropes of the same median age were evaluated as a control group. The patients were examined 2 years after PRK. 2. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) increased in groups A, C, D and decreased in group B compared to values one year after PRK. Both changes were only nonsignificant. 3. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was equal to values one year after PRK in group A, the same was true for groups C and D with exception of lower values in the highest spatial frequency. In group B, CS decreased significantly compared to values one year after PRK. 4. In groups A, B a C number of patients without rest correction increased, regression was seen only in group B. 5. BCVA changed only nonsignificantly under glare of 41.1 cd/m2, 342.6 cd/m2 and 1360.4 cd/m2 in 97% of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Slow and fast rod ERG pathways in patients with X-linked complete stationary night blindness carrying mutations in the NYX gene.

PURPOSE: To study the slow and fast rod signals of the scotopic 15-Hz flicker ERG in patients carrying mutations in the NYX gene, which has been recently identified as the cause of the complete form of congenital stationary night blindness, CSNB1. METHODS: Twenty eyes of 11 patients with CSNB1 who had nondetectable standard ERG rod b-waves were involved in the study. Scotopic ERG response amplitudes and phases to flicker intensities ranging from -3.37 to -0.57 log scotopic trolands. sec (scot td. sec) were measured at a flicker frequency of 15 Hz. ERG signals to flicker intensities between -3.37 and -1.97 and between -1.17 and -0.57 log scot td. sec were considered to represent primarily the slow and fast rod ERG pathway, respectively. Additionally, standard ERGs were performed. Twenty-two normal volunteers served as control subjects. RESULTS: For the slow rod ERG pathway, all patients exhibited ERG signals that were indistinguishable from noise. Accordingly, there was no systematic phase behavior for the slow rod signals. For the fast rod ERG pathway, the signals were significantly above noise, but they were significantly reduced in amplitude and advanced in phase. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that the slow and the fast rod ERG signals can be attributed to the rod bipolar-AII cell pathway and the rod-cone-coupling pathway, respectively. The current study provides evidence to suggest that a defective NYX gene product (nyctalopin) prevents detectable signal transmission through ON rod bipolar cells, but there is a residual transmission through rod-cone gap junctions in CSNB1, possibly through the OFF cone pathway.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Comparison of visual function in myopia over -6.0 dpt after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis].

1. 41 myopes undergoing PRK and 31 patients undergoing LASIK for correction of spherical refractive error were examined before and 1, 3, 6 a 12 months after surgery on Schwind Multiscan with ablation zone between 5 and 7 mm. Mean preoperative spherical equivalent of refraction was -8.0 +/- 1.7 D in PRK group and -9.2 +/- 2.1 D in LASIK one. 2. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was tested on a computerized system of the Contrast sensitivity 8010 type in 6 spatial frequencies (0.74; 1.97; 3.69; 7.39; 14.77; 29.55 c/deg) and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured on the normalized charts with Landolt rings. 3. At 12 months postoperatively, mean spherical equivalent of refraction was -0.6 +/- 1.0 D (PRK) and -1.0 +/- 0.8 D (LASIK). A refractive error within +/- 0.5 D had 31.5% (PRK) and 57.5% (LASIK) patients. Increasing of BCVA was measured in 51.5% (PRK) and 41.9% (LASIK) patients about 1 optotype to 2.5 lines. Mean CS in 6 frequencies reached 99.4; 102; 105; 109; 115 and 140% of preoperative values in PRK group and only 96; 95.8; 96.3; 95.8; 97.8 and 94.6% in LASIK one. 4. At 12 months after surgery, mean spherical equivalent, CS was better and number of patients with increased BCVA was significantly higher after PRK, than those attained with LASIK. On the other hand, a number of patients with a refractive error within +/- 0.5 D was higher and percentage of reoperations was lower in LASIK group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

[Changes in visual function in myopia 12 months after photorefractive keratectomy].

1. 110 myopes undergoing photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with refraction from -0.25 D to -12.0 D were divided into 4 groups: A: upto -2.75 D, B: -3.0 D to -5.75 D, C: -6.0 D to -8.75 D and D: -9.0 D to -12.0 D. BCVA using the computerized method with Landolt rings and CS using an adjustment method with ascendant and descendent approach to threshold contrast adaptation on a computerized system of the Contrast sensitivity 8010 type were examined in patients before and 1 year after PRK. 20 emmetropes of the same median age were evaluated as a control group. 2. Preoperative BCVA and CS in myopes of all four groups was significantly lower (p < 0.05 az p < 0.001), compared to controls. Decrease of functions was proportional to refraction. 3. With increasing refraction less patients were within +/- 0.5 D and +/- 1.0 after surgery. 4. Twelve months after PRK, BCVA in the group A reached the level of controls, CS in the same time interval was equal to control even in groups A and B. 5. According to results of our study, PRK is a suitable method for myopia upto -6.0 D.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Changes in visual functions in myopia 6 months after photorefractive keratectomy].

I. 100 myopes (-0.25-(8.75) D) divided into 3 groups (I: < -3.0 D, II: -3.0-(-5.75) D, III: -6.0-(-8.75) D) were examined before and 1, 3, 6 months after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). As a control group 20 emmetropes were examined. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was tested using logMAR charts. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured using a computerized system. II. Preoperative BCVA in myopes of all three groups was significantly lower (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. A significant reduction of BCVA (p < 0.05 resp. p < 0.001) in all groups at all terms after PRK was noted. III. Significantly lower values of CS (p < 0.001) were found in myopes of all groups before PRK in comparison to the control group. One and 3 months after PRK only nonsignificant changes of the mean values of contrast sensitivity (MCK) were noted. After 6 months a significant improvement of MCK (p < 0.05) in myopes of I. and II. groups was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment of internal carotid artery occlusion and the ocular ischemic syndrome].

The picture of severe ocular ischemic syndrome (OIS) drew attention to and investigations (sonography and carotid angiography) showed extensive atherosclerotic damage of vessels on more levels by a 46 year old patient with ischemic oculopathy, venous stasis retinopathy and neurological difficulties. The successful desobliteration of a. carotis interna adjusted the neurological difficulties of the patient and stabilized visual functions.

Carotid Artery, Internal↗
PubMed1997

[Rare ocular complications in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis].

The damage of the visual functions represents a very rare complication of acute necrotic pancreatitis. We have seen it in two cases. The first one in form of toxic damage of the optic nerve, the second one in form of abscess of the vitreous humour and the retina. Both patients were in relative stabilized state, not in the first peracute phase of the disease.

Abscess↗
PubMed1997

Visual functions after photorefractive keratectomy.

1. 45 myopes (-3.0 to -6.0 D) were examined before and 1 and 6 months after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Visual acuity (VA) was tested using Snellen and logMAR charts. Contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured using a computerized system. 2. Preoperative best corrected VA (BCVA) in myopes was significantly lower in comparison with a control group using logMAR charts only. A reduction of BCVA by both methods at 1. month and its return after 6 months nearly to original values was noted. 3. Significantly lower values of CS were found in patients before PRK compared to the control group. After 1 and 6 months stayed the values on preoperative level.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Unusual ocular findings in children's acute leukemia cases.

The most frequent ocular findings in acute leukemia cases of children and two of our own observations are presented in this study. Emphasized are all difficulties in fixing the diagnosis and the necessity of close cooperation between ophthalmologist, pediatrist and radiologist to prevent the irreversible ocular changes.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Visual functions in aphakia after secondary intraocular lens implantation.

21 aphakic eyes of 21 patients corrected by glasses (A-G) were examined 1 and 6 months before and after secondary intraocular lens implantation (SILI). Visual acuity (VA) was tested using Snellen chart and computerized method with Landolt rings (CL). Contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured using computerized Contrast sensitivity system 8010 in spatial frequencies from 0.74 to 29.55 c/deg. Preoperative best corrected VA (BCVA) in A-G eyes was significantly lower in comparison with control group of the same age only using computerized method with Landolt rings. A reduction of BCVA by both methods at 1 month and its return to original values after 6 months were noted. Significantly lower values of CS were found in A-G patients before SILI compared to the control group of the same median age in spatial frequencies from 3.69 to 29.55 c/deg. After 1 and 6 months the values stayed on the preoperative level, except the frequency 29.55 c/deg, which increased significantly (p < 0.01) 6 months after SILI.

Aged↗