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Biomedical subjects

H Lal

Publications and source records attributed to H Lal.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

A comparison of clonidine with morphine for antinociceptive and antiwithdrawal actions.

Clonidine was found to possess dose-dependent analgesic and antiwithdrawal activity. In mice, clonidine prolonged the tail flick latency and inhibited phenylquinone-induced writhing. In rats, it inhibited tail withdrawal from hot water and a pain response to pressure application on an inflamed paw. The effective doses of clonidine were different in the different tests employed, but they were always smaller than those of morphine. Naloxone failed to antagonize the analgesic actions of clonidine but effectively antagonized those of morphine. Phenoxybenzamine also did not alter the inhibition of tail flick-induced by clonidine. Clonidine suppressed morphine withdrawal body shakes in a dose-dependent manner as does morphine. This action of clonidine was not reversed by naloxone. In usual laboratory tests, clonidine appears to be an effective analgesic which antagonizes signs of morphine withdrawal.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1977

Tolerance to morphine-produced discriminative stimuli and analgesia.

Male hooded rats were trained in Skinner boxes to press one lever after a morphine injection (10 mg/kg) and another lever after a saline injection (1 ml/kg) on an FR 10 schedule of food reinforcement. After the drug discrimination was well established, the rats were tested for stimulus generalization at different doses of morphine, followed by assessment of tail withdrawal latency as a measure of analgesia. Subjects were then administered increasing doses of morphine sulphate to induce an increased level of tolerance. New dose-response curves indicated that tolerance developed to the morphine-induced discriminative stimulus, and to the analgesic action of morphine, but doses of morphine that failed to cause detectable analgesia still produced a pronounced discriminative stimulus.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1977

Oesophageal carcinoma in India. Some epidemiologic and morphologic considerations.

Oesophageal carcinoma constituted 2.39% of all malignancies, and 17.11% of gastrointestinal tract malignancies, over a period of 12 years, in Sir Sunder Lal Hospital population in Varanasi. The highest frequency occurred in the sixth decade. The male:female ratio was 2.2:1, this ratio tended to diminish with age. Out of 202 cases the middle third of the oesophagus was involved in 104, the lower third in 72 and the upper third in 26 cases. Although squamous cell carcinoma was by far the most frequent histologic type (193 cases), genuine primary oesophageal adenocarcinoma did occur in 3, and the tumour was completely anaplastic in the remaining 6 cases. The prognostic bearing of certain morphologic features has been discussed. Oesophageal carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract and a common tumour in elderly Indian men and women.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on morphine-withdrawal syndrome.

The effects of pilocarpine, atropine and dexetimide were studied on the occurrence and intensity of morphine-withdrawal signs observed after cessation of chronic morphine injections. Pilocarpine was effective in reducing both 'wet-dog' like body shakes and aggression but it increased diarrhea and weight loss. Pretreatment with atropine blocked all of the effects of pilocarpine on withdrawal signs. Methylscopolamine pretreatment blocked only diarrhea. The administration of atropine or dexetimide produced no significant effect on any of the withdrawal signs. These results indicate a role for central cholinergic mechanism in narcotic withdrawal.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Reduction of morphine-withdrawal aggression by conditional social stimuli.

Sixty male hooded rats were made physically dependent on morphine by steadily increasing doses of morphine sulphate. A maintenance dose of 400 mg/kg/day was reached in 10 days and was continued for 5 additional days. At the end of the 15-day period all rats were withdrawn for 72 h and aggressive responses (attacks, rearing, and vocalization) were recorded for a 60-min period. One treatment group, in which a social experience had been paired with each morphine injection, showed significantly less morphine-withdrawal aggression than rats in two other groups which either remained socially isolated throughout the addiction period, or were grouped both at the time of morphine injection and during between-injection intervals.

Aggression↗