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Biomedical subjects

H L Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to H L Sharma.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Trends in rural out-migration at micro level.

This study examines the trends in rural out-migration at the household level for various household size groups using the model developed by Singh et al (1982), using data from the 1969 Demographic Survey of Varanisi (Rural) of 2200 households. Section 2 includes the model, while section 3 deals with its applications as well as a short description of data. Section 4 contains 2 migration tables for 2 survey points.

Asia↗
PubMed1986

The carriage and delivery of substances to lymphatic tissues by recirculating lymphocytes. II. Long-term selective irradiation of the spleen and lymph nodes by deposition of indium-114m.

Recirculating lymphocytes were used to carry an isotope of indium, In-114m. The isotope has a half-life of 50 days, and emits both gamma and beta particles, properties that may be useful clinically. In-114m-labelled rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL), injected intravenously, migrated to traffic areas in spleen and lymph nodes. The radioactivity was transferred selectively to a resident, radioresistant phagocytic population located within the marginal zone and red pulp of spleen, where it remained for at least 6 weeks. That the isotope was relatively concentrated in traffic areas, but not elsewhere, suggested that In-114m-TDL could be used as a means of producing total lymphoid irradiation without damaging bone marrow. Recipients of In-114m-TDL developed a profound lymphocytopenia within 2-3 weeks of injection but gained weight at a comparable rate to control rats. The effect of In-114m-TDL injection was also examined in rats injected with a rapidly growing, malignant rat leukaemia. In-114m-TDL delayed the onset of the proliferative phase of the leukaemia from 10 days to 20 days in a dose-dependent fashion. Repeated weekly injections of In-114m-TDL prevented the onset of the leukaemia until the injections ceased after 11 weeks. The potential use of In-114m-labelled lymphocytes in diagnosis (by external imaging) or in treatment (by localized lymphoid irradiation) is considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Microscale syntheses of anti-tumour platinum compounds labelled with 191Pt.

Several compounds of platinum have been found to have significant anti-tumour activity and are in various stages of clinical trials. Four such compounds: cis-PtCl2(NH3)2, cis PtCl2(cyclopropylamine)2, cis,trans-PtCl2(OH)2(isopropylamine)2 and cis-Pt(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylate) (NH3)2 were synthesised with radioactive platinum-191 as a label for the study of animal organ distribution, patient blood clearance, urinary excretion and renal uptake and clearance. This paper describes the microscale synthesis of these compounds. Purification and quality control procedures are also described.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

A probability distribution for rural out-migration at micro-level.

"Under certain simplifying assumptions an inflated geometric distribution has been proposed to study the trends in rural out-migration at micro-level. The distribution involves two parameters. A procedure for finding the estimates of parameters is outlined. Asymptotic expressions for variances and covariances of the estimates are obtained." An example is provided using 1978 survey data concerning 3,514 households near Varanasi, India.

Asia↗
PubMed1984

A clinical evaluation of a prototype positron camera for longitudinal emission tomography.

A multiwire proportional-chamber positron camera, developed at the Rutherford Laboratory, has been evaluated at The Royal Marsden Hospital. The prototype camera consists of two opposing 30 X 30 cm2 chambers. Longitudinal tomograms of a positron-emitting radioactive distribution placed between the detectors are obtained via back-projection and 2D-deconvolution. Due to the limited stereoscopic angle achieved with stationary detectors, only five planes parallel to the detector faces are reconstructed. A selection of images is presented of phantoms using 68Ga and of patients using 18F, 18F fluorodeoxyglucose and Na124I, to illustrate the tomographic performance of the positron camera. A comparison between back-projected and deconvoluted images shows that the 2D-deconvolution process, which includes filtration of image noise, successfully removes the background due to scattered photons. The spatial resolution achieved depends on the half-height frequency cut-off used in the filtering process, and this parameter was chosen according to the count density in the back-projected images. A qualitative visual comparison was made between the positron images and equivalent single photon studies on the same patient. The results justify further development of this new detector, especially for use with generator-produced positron-emitting radionuclides. Three-dimensional deconvolution resulted in improved tomographic performance for phantom data, but was less successful for patient data. These problems associated with limited-angle tomography will be overcome by multi-view acquisition. This study has shown that a relatively low-cost positron imaging system can be used for routine organ imaging. Further developments in hardware and software should yield images which are superior to those from single-photon planar or tomographic studies.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1980

Effect of droperidol on dopamine-induced increase in effective renal plasma flow in dogs.

The interaction between small doses of dopamine and droperidol on effective renal plasma flow was studied in dogs. Small doses of dopamine are known to produce renal vasodilatation by a dopaminergic mechanism and droperidol, a selective dopamine antagonist used in neuroleptanaesthesia, may attenuate this response. Effective renal plasma flow was measured non-invasively using 125I-hippuran. A 20-min infusion of dopamine 2 microgram kg-1 min-1 significantly enhanced effective renal plasma flow (mean increase of 16%; P < 0.05) in anaesthetized dogs. This effect was abolished (mean decrease 6.6%) by droperidol 0.2 mg kg-1 administered at the commencement of anaesthesia. It is concluded that droperidol reduces the renal vasodilatation induced by dopamine in anaesthetized dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Effect of SAS (a new 10-N-acylaminophenothiazine) on gastric secretion and ulceration in rats.

The antiulcer and antisecretory activity of 2-chloro-10-[4'(N-beta-hydroxyethyl) piperazinyl-1'] acetylphenothiazine (SAS) has been investigated. At 10 and 20 mg/kg (s.c.) the drug was found to possess potent antigastric secretory and antiulcer activity (both in shay and stress ulcers) and did not exhibit any peripheral parasympathetic blocking activity. The pronounced antispasmodic activity of SAS was nonspecific rather than a specific parasympatholytic effect.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1975

An evaluation of apomorphine action on doapminergic receptors.

The controversial literature reports leave open a question whether apomorphine (APO) and dopamine (DA) share a common receptor? After careful evlauation of the arguments, both for and against, about direct action of APO on DA receptor we propose that rigid molecules like APO hold trans-cisoid conformation and preferably interact with the pre-synaptic DA receptors while ADTN (2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrxonaphthalene) incorporates trans-transcoid conformation and primarily acts on post-synpatic DA receptors. Dopamine, by virtue of its molecular flexibility, can act on both the receptors.

Apomorphine↗