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Biomedical subjects

H L Miller

Publications and source records attributed to H L Miller.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Practice location preferences of Alabama medical students.

Factors that help determine physicians' practice locations and specialties were listed by 396 students and 103 medical school faculty members at the University of Alabama School of Medicine. The students preferred practice locations similar in size to their hometowns. Their specialty choices were closely related to both practice location preferences and hometown sizes. However, there was a tendency among the students to prefer a small city (20,000 to 100,000 population) practice location irrespective of their hometown sizes or specialty choices. Factors such as spouse's preference, proximity of relatives, and financial incentives were not related to the students' practice location preferences. Faculty members reported they believed that medical education biases students toward urban and nonprimary care practice, and one-third of them said that they were role models for the students' specialty choices. However, the students said faculty members had little influence on their specialty choices while acknowledging the importance of clinical experiences. In general, Alabama medical students are similar to medical students elsewhere with respect to determinants of practice location preference.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Optimization versus response-strength accounts of behavior.

Pigeons were run in both single-key and concurrent-key experiments in which, over most of the range of response rates, an increase in response rate gave rise to a continuous decrease in reinforcement rate. In spite of the fact that a low response rate would have produced a high reinforcement rate, all birds responded at relatively high rates, thus keeping reinforcement rates substantially below the maximum possible. In the concurrent-key experiment, in addition to responding at relatively high rates, the birds' ratios of responses approximately matched the corresponding ratios of obtained reinforcers. The results are inconsistent with most theories of optimal performance, which assume that organisms behave in ways that either maximize reinforcement value or minimize deviations from a free-behavior point. On the other hand, the results are consistent with the assumption that reinforcement strengthens the tendency to respond.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

An analysis of the effects of suicide prevention facilities on suicide rates in the United States.

Since the 1960s, there has been a massive effort to reduce suicide mortality in the United States through prevention centers which invite suicidal persons to phone for supportive services. In spite of virtually total lack of evidence concerning the efficacy of these services, they proliferated until, by 1973, nearly every metropolitan area in the United States had at least one. Suicide rates increased slightly throughout this time. We studied 1968 through 1973, the years of greatest growth of suicide prevention facilities, comparing suicide rates in counties that added these centers with counties that did not do so. An association of centers with the reduction of suicides in young white females emerged. This finding was replicated on a different set of counties for a different time span. The results are discussed in light of the fact that this group constitutes the major clients of these centers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Granulomatous prostatitis. Special reference to radiologic findings.

Cystourethrography was performed in 2 patients with nonspecific, noneosinophilic granulomatous prostatitis. Lengthening of the prostatic urethra was noted essentially in the inframontane portion, thus differentiating it from benign prostatic hypertrophy. The widening in the prostatic urethra differentiates it from carcinoma of the prostate.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1981

Effects of instructional constraints on human fixed-interval performance.

Several groups of human subjects were exposed to a variety of experimental conditions involving a fixed-interval 27-second schedule of reinforcement in compound with instructions to constrain in the number of responses within the interreinforcement interval and/or the duration of the experimental session. One group was further exposed to a contingency involving the placement of responses within the IRI. A diversity of patterns of performance was observed, including those typically associated with animal subjects exposed to FI schedules. Generally, the imposition of instructions to minimize session duration reduced post-reinforcement pausing and increased overall reinforcement density from those levels obtained with only instructions to expend a given number of responses per reinforcer. The results are seen to underscore the sensitivity of human fixed-interval performance and the contribution of extra-experimental contingencies.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1979

Hb P-Nilotic in association with beta0-thalassemia: cis-mutation of a hemoglobin betaA chain regulatory determinant?

Hb P-Nilotic which is produced by a hybrid of beta and delta genes was found in several members of a Sudanese family, three of whom had an associated beta-thalassemia. Chemical analyses confirmed the crossover between positions 22 and 50 of the beta delta P chain. The Hb p-Nilotic heterozygote had completely normal hematology, but the patients with the Hb P-Nilotic--beta-thalassemia condition had moderately severe clinical and hematological abnormalities which were considerably more pronounced than those in the father who had a beta-thalassemia heterozygosity. The absolute cellular contents of normal and abnormal non-alpha chains in these subjects and the results of in vitro chain synthesis analyses suggested that the thalassemia gene in this family is of the beta0 type and that the beta A gene which is present in cis to the beta delta P gene is incapable of being stimulated when the beta0-thalassemia determinant is present in trans. It is proposed that a number of recombination events produced a beta delta P hydrid gene with duplication of the beta A gene in cis as well as a change in an untranscribed strand of DNA which controls the expression of the beta A gene.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1978

Roentgenographic evaluation of nephroptosis.

Vertical and medial nephroptosis was assessed on 60 consecutive excretory urographic examinations. Ptosis, both vertical and medial, was seen more commonly in females, and vertical ptosis was more frequent than medial ptosis. In our series there was no significant evidence of predominance on the right side. Dietl crisis, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, oliguria, or orthostatic hypertension were not encountered. Nephroptosis was mostly asymptomatic. In those patients with symptoms, lumbar pain was common and could be either aggravated or relieved by change in position. A new sign, paradoxic displacement, is described. This could be of value to the surgeon and radiotherapist in evaluating enlargement of a huge abdominal mass - a difficulat task to assess clinically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

A statistical treatment of fatigue of the cast Co-Cr-Mo prosthesis alloy.

Fatigue tests have been conducted on commercially produced cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy in tension-tension while surrounded by a physiological solution at 37 degrees C. The data have been analyzed by statistical techniques to yield an allowable stress such that there is 95% confidence of less than one failure in 1,000 after 5 X 10(7) cycles of stress fluctuation. These results are valid for a substantially sounder material than may be common in commercial use and therefore a more conservative allowable stress probably ought to be used for design purposes.

Alloys↗
PubMed1976

Various applications of corpus cavernosography.

The authors believe corpus cavernosography is an important aid in the evaluation of metastatic lesions, priapism, impotence, atrophy and fibrosis of the penis, and trauma to the penis. By visualizing the emptying of the contrast material from the cavernous spaces into the veins draining the penis, it is possible to assess the length of time that the contrast material remained in the organ.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Matching-based hedonic scaling in the pigeon.

Four slightly hungry pigeons chose between pairs of grains in a Findley concurrent choice procedure. For Condition I, choice involved hemp versus buckwheat; for Condition II, wheat versus buckwheat; and for Condition III, hemp versus wheat. In all conditions, frequency of reinforcement was arranged according to concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedules. On the assumption that subjects matched their behavior and time distributions to those of reinforcer value, the choice functions obtained in Conditions I and II were transformed to yield estimates of values of hemp and wheat relative to buckwheat. These, in turn, provided predictions about behavior and time allocation in Condition III. In general, the predicted outcomes were close to those actually obtained. The results evidence the effectiveness of matching-based hedonic scales in the prediction of choice between qualitatively different reinforcers.

Journal Article↗