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Biomedical subjects

H L Hoffman

Publications and source records attributed to H L Hoffman.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing.

With the rising frequency of fungal infections, as well as increasing reports of resistance to antifungal agents, it is imperative that clinically applicable antifungal susceptibility testing be available. In 1997 the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards published standard guidelines for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida sp and Cryptococcus neoformans with amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole. Although the methods are standard, they are time consuming, can be difficult to interpret, and are approved only for testing limited organisms and drugs. Modifications to the methods and alternative approaches have been proposed to make these tests more convenient and efficient, applicable to a greater number of species, and appropriate for performing in the clinical laboratory.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2000

Novel triazole antifungal agents.

The risk of opportunistic infections is greatly increased in patients who are immunocompromised due to AIDS, cancer chemotherapy and organ or bone marrow transplantation. Candida albicans is often associated with serious systemic fungal infections, however other Candida species such as Candida krusei, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata, as well as Cryptococcus neoformans and filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus, have also emerged as clinically significant fungal pathogens. Two triazole antifungal agents, fluconazole and itraconazole, were introduced over a decade ago and since then have been used extensively for the prophylaxis and treatment of a variety of fungal infections. Although both drugs are effective and have their place in therapy, limitations regarding the utility of these agents do exist. For example, fluconazole is not effective for the prophylaxis or treatment of Aspergillus species and has limited activity against C. krusei and C. glabrata. The use of itraconazole has been limited secondary to concerns regarding unpredictable bioavailability. The rising incidence of fungal infections and the reported increase of non-albicans candidal infections noted over the past two decades highlight the need for new antifungal agents with improved spectra of activity. Several new triazole agents are in various phases of preclinical and clinical trials and may be available for human use in the near future. Three such agents voriconazole, posaconazole and ravuconazole are reviewed and compared with existing agents.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1989

Personnel practices can help discourage unionization.

Unionization presents a potential source of cost escalation for hospitals, particularly involving health benefits. The best way to minimize chances that staff members will opt for union representation is to develop personnel practices that demonstrate management's commitment to treating employees fairly, such as providing competitive salaries and benefits, scheduling regular meetings to address worker questions, and developing detailed policy handbooks.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1979

In vitro and in vivo evaluations of dacron velour and knit prostheses.

Dacron velour and knit prostheses were compared with respect to long-term patency when used as canine aortic implants. These grafts were rated, according to the average numerical value of six equally weighted criteria, in decreasing order of performance: velour I, velour II, circular knit III, velour IV, circular knit V, warp-knit VI, warp-knit VII and VIII, warp-knit IX and warp-knit X. In general, compacting and crimping methods using halogenated hydrocarbons produced the least successful grafts. Grafts of identical brand but compacted and crimped by different methods exhibited different patencies. No true healing of the grafts was observed. Layered deposits of inner fibrous capsule were formed at rates and thicknesses characteristic for each type of graft employed. A functioning Dacron femoral-popliteal bypass removed from a human after 9 months exhibited inner and outer fibrous capsules similar to those from canine implants.

Animals↗