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Biomedical subjects

H L Davis

Publications and source records attributed to H L Davis.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Anticonvulsants in epileptic fowl.

The high seizure susceptibility in epileptic fowl is an autosomal recessive trait characterized in homozygotes by seizures that occur spontaneously and in response to photic stimulation or hyperthermia. Both of the latter stimuli can be used to evoke seizures in drug studies. Epileptic fowl have abnormal inter-ictal EEG activity. When exposed to photic stimulation spiking is apparent on the EEG at seizure onset. Phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, and valproic acid reduce seizure susceptibility at plasma concentrations approximating those used to control generalized and focal cortical tonic-clonic seizures in humans. Carbamazepine and the benzodiazepines also reduce seizure susceptibility. These data indicate that epileptic fowl provide a useful model for generalized and focal cortical tonic-clonic epilepsies. Ethosuximide was inactive in epileptic fowl. However, trimethadione had anticonvulsant activity indicating that this model is only relatively specific for the above seizure types. When seizures were evoked by hyperthermia phenobarbital but not phenytoin or valproate reduced seizure susceptibility. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), AOAA (amino-oxyacetic acid) and THPO (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c] pyridin-3-ole, a glial specific inhibitor of GABA uptake) all have anticonvulsant activity against seizures evoked by photic stimulation in young chicks. These data indicate that this model may be particularly useful for studies of the anticonvulsant activity of compounds designed to enhance GABAergic transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Trophic action of nerve extract on denervated skeletal muscle in vivo: dose dependency, species specificity, and timing of treatment.

Atrophy in a denervated muscle results from the disuse caused by paralysis of the muscle, and from the loss of special neurotrophic substances. Proteins extracted from rats' sciatic nerves have been shown to prevent the nondisuse atrophy of denervated rats' extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles when administered by intramuscular injection. The present investigation elicited more information about this neurotrophic phenomenon. Extract of liver failed to affect the rate of atrophy of denervated EDL muscles. Injection of various doses of extract of rats' or sheep's sciatic nerves indicated that the action of the extract was dose-dependent but not species-specific. Muscles denervated for 14 days and injected with extract on all 14 days or only on the first or last 7 days all exhibited significantly less atrophy than those that were not injected.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Spiking fever induced by isoniazid.

In a 48-year-old man, a consistent pattern of spiking fever occurred ten days after the initiation of therapy with isoniazid and rifampin. The fever recurred upon rechallenge with isoniazid, but not with rifampin. Isoniazid has the potential to induce fever, and this is thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction.

Drug Hypersensitivity↗
PubMed1983

Interaction of rifampin and digitoxin.

In a patient who had been receiving digitoxin therapy, the serum digitoxin level decreased markedly when rifampin was added to the therapeutic regimen. The serum digitoxin level returned to the pretreatment level when rifampin therapy was discontinued.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Phase I trial of 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) administered by 5-day courses.

6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), an L-glutamine antagonist, was administered to 25 evaluable patients with refractory advanced solid tumors in a phase I trial. A total of 58 evaluable courses of five daily iv injections every 3-4 weeks were given, at doses ranging from 7.5 to 90 mg/m2/day. The major dose-limiting toxicity was a syndrome of nausea, vomiting, malaise, and anorexia, which became severe at doses greater than 52.5 mg/m2/day. Diarrhea and stomatitis were less frequent. Hematologic toxicity included mild leukopenia with nadir on Day 6-8 and mild thrombocytopenia with nadir on Day 7-12. Transient decreases in serum calcium to 8.5--8.9 mg/dl were seen in seven of 12 patients receiving greater than or equal to 67.5 mg/m2/day. Dose reduction was required for all patients who received a course of DON at greater than 67.5 mg/m2/day, and a maximum tolerated total dose of 250 mg/m2 (50 mg/m2/day x 5) is suggested for this schedule. Mixed responses were seen in one patient with bladder carcinoma and in one with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed1979

Risk factors for doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure.

Potential risk factors responsible for development of doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure were examined through retrospective analysis of 4018 patient records. The overall incidence of drug-induced congestive heart failure was 2.2% (88 cases). The probability of incurring doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure was related to the total dose of doxorubicin administered. There was a continuum of increasing risk as the cumulative amount of administered drug increased. A weekly dose schedule of doxorubicin was associated with a significantly lower incidence of congestive heart failure than was the usually employed every 3-week schedule. An increase in drug-related congestive heart failure was also seen with advancing patient age. Performance status, sex, race, and tumor type were not risk factors. These data will enable clinicians to better estimate the risk/benefit ratio in individual patients receiving prolonged administration of doxorubicin. They also provide a basis for the investigation of less cardiotoxic anthracycline analogues or for designing measures to prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Role of antitumor antibiotics in current oncologic practice.

The antitumor antibiotics have thus made a major impact on oncologic practice. The continued search for productive strains of these organisms should be encouraged. In addition, the activity and toxicity spectrum suggests the need for vigorous analog development. An active anthracycline devoid of cardiotoxicity; a bleomycin with no effect on pulmonary tissue; an analog of streptozotocin devoid of nephrotoxicity; these would be advances of inestimable benefit to the cancer patient of the future.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

The role of antitumor antibiotics in current oncologic practice.

The antitumor antibiotics have thus made a major impact on oncologic practice. The continued search for productive strains of these organisms should be encouraged; in addition, the activity and toxicity spectrum suggests the need for vigorous analogue development. An active anthracycline devoid of cardiotoxicity, a bleomycin with no effect on pulmonary tissue, an analogue of streptozoticin devoid of nephrotoxicity -- these would be advances of inestimable benefit to the cancer patient of the future.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Characteristics of hospitalized tuberculous patients today.

The characteristics of 149 patients with tuberculosis consecutively discharged from the Tuberculosis Service of the University of Tennessee Hospital in 1975 and 1976 were evaluated. The results of this study indicate the presence in this group of advanced age, alcohol abuse, debility from multiple chronic diseases, drug resistance, and recalcitrance. Despite the unfavorable circumstances surrounding these patients, 118 patients showed bacteriologic and/or roentgenographic evidence of improvement during an average of two to four months of hospitalization. We are not advocating the reversal of the present trend toward brief hospitalization and ambulatory care for the majority of tuberculous patients. However, as a result of this study, we believe hard-core patients of the type described in this paper require significant hospitalization for proper management.

Adult↗