Biomedical subjects

H Kuwabara

Publications and source records attributed to H Kuwabara.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical adrenomedullin expression is decreased in the placenta from pregnancies with pre-eclampsia.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether placental immunohistochemical adrenomedullin expression in normal normotensive pregnancies is different from that in pregnancies with pre-eclampsia. Placental tissues were obtained from seven normal normotensive pregnancies and 12 pregnancies with pre-eclampsia. The intensity of adrenomedullin staining in syncytiotrophoblasts was evaluated by means of immunohistochemistry and the ratio of the number of intact tertiary villi to that of total tertiary villi (intact/total villi ratio) was determined. The intensity of adrenomedullin expression in the placenta obtained from pregnancies with pre-eclampsia was significantly decreased compared with expression in placentas from uncomplicated normotensive pregnancies (P < 0.005). The intact/total villi ratio in placentas obtained from pregnancies with pre-eclampsia was significantly lower than that in placentas from normal normotensive pregnancies (P < 0.0001). In the amnion and extravillous trophoblast cells in both groups, no difference for the intensity of adrenomedullin expression was noted. These results suggest that adrenomedullin synthesis in the villous syncytiotrophoblasts is decreased in pregnancies with pre-eclampsia.

Adrenomedullin↗

PubMed2000

CD138-positive and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-negative B-cell lymphoma with serosal spreading of the body cavity and lymphadenopathy: an autopsy case.

CD138-positive and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV)-negative B cell lymphoma with serosal spreading of the body cavity and lymphadenopathy is presented. Our lymphoma cells showed pleomorphic morphology and a clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. Immunophenotypically, they lacked B- and T-cell-associated antigens but expressed strong membranous CD138 antigen along the serosa. Although our case was not conventional primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) because of the absence of KSHV and the presence of lymphadenopathy, its unique phenotype and serosal spreading were consistent with those of PEL. Our case suggests that, irrespective of KSHV infection, some pleomorphic B cell lymphomas with membranous CD138 expression show a peculiar serosal spreading.

Ascites↗

PubMed2000

Neural activation during performance of number-letter sequencing.

Recent advances in neuroimaging have enabled researchers to establish relatively specific areas of the brain that are involved in working memory. In this positron emission tomography study we examined the pattern of neural activation associated with performance on number-letter sequencing, a purported measure of working memory included in the new Wechsler scales for memory and intelligence. After controlling for basic audition, verbalization, and attention, areas of activation were observed in the orbital frontal lobe, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. This is highly consistent with reports from the literature on activation patterns associated with working memory. More activation peaks were observed in the right hemisphere, suggesting the participants utilized visualization of the verbal information. Consistent with task conceptualization, this study provides support for number-letter sequencing as a task involving working memory.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Menopausal hormones and breast cancer in a biracial population.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the association between menopausal hormones and breast cancer in a biracial population. METHODS: Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for breast cancer associated with hormone use among 397 cases and 425 controls, all menopausal women. RESULTS: Odds ratios for ever use of hormones were 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5, 1.2) for White women and 0.7 (95% CI = 0.4, 1.2) for Black women. Risk was not increased with longer duration of use or more recent use. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer risk was not increased among White or Black women who used menopausal hormones, despite patterns of use varying considerably between races.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Successful catheter ablation against ventricular tachycardia associated with myotonic dystrophy.

Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is characterized by myotonia and muscular dystrophy and cardiac involvement with tachy-arrhythmia is rarely encountered. We report a case of MD complicated with severe left ventricular hypofunction and incessant ventricular tachycardia (VT) with varying heart rates. The morphology of VT suggested that it originated from the right ventricular outflow tract, and electrophysiological study disclosed that the mechanism of VT was abnormal automaticity. Catheter ablation was performed to treat this VT. The patient had a cardiomyopathy with normal coronary arteries. The specimen of RV biopsy showed moderate hypertrophy, mild fat infiltration and slight fibrosis. These findings are histologically consistent with myotonic dystrophy.

Bradycardia↗

PubMed2000

Regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism in chronic subdural hematoma.

There are two hypotheses on how chronic subdural hematoma causes hemiparesis and other focal neurologic symptoms without, in most cases, leaving permanent neurologic deficits. One hypothesis is that the reduced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) caused by either compression or distortion of the local or remote brain tissue is responsible for hemiparesis. The other hypothesis is that the reduction in rCBF alone is not sufficient to cause permanent hemiparesis.

Brain↗

PubMed2000

[A complication with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy--a case of sepsis related to catheter tip dislocation to the duodenal bulb].

Extra-arterial dislocation of a catheter is one of the complications with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. The authors report a case of sepsis related to catheter tip dislocation to the duodenal bulb. A 69-year-old man underwent sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer and partial hepatectomy for synchronous metastasis to the liver. We performed hepatic arterial catheterization via the femoral artery, and the patient underwent prophylactic hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with 5-FU. Thirty months later, computed tomography during arteriography (CTA) using a port system revealed the dislocation of catheter tip to the duodenal bulb. He showed no symptoms, so we kept him under observation. Sepsis occurred because of the dislocated catheter 39 months later. After removal of the catheter, the symptoms of sepsis disappeared.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Ileosigmoid anastomosis with exclusion of transected ileal loop for intestinal fistula following total cystectomy of bladder cancer. Report of a case.

We report in this article a new technique of surgical treatment of enterocutaneous or enterovaginal fistula after total cystectomy for three cases of bladder cancer. The surgical outcome was successful in these patients, showing good performance status after this operation. It would seem that this technique is a good indication for enteric fistulas in the bottom of the pelvic cavity, which were difficult to be managed even under the control of total parenteral nutrition.

Abscess↗

PubMed1999

Secondary myeloid/natural killer cell precursor acute leukemia following essential thrombocythemia.

The de novo leukemic transformation of essential thrombocythemia is a rare event, and usually associated with previous treatments. We describe a patient who received treatments with nitrosourea for long-standing essential thrombocythemia and subsequently developed extramedullary tumors, tentatively diagnosed as lymphoblastic lymphoma. Combination chemotherapy was initially successful, but relapsed with marked bone marrow involvement. Surface marker analysis revealed that the tumor cells had CD5, CD7, CD33, CD34, and CD56 antigens but lacked other T-cell, and B-cell markers. Immunogenotypical studies revealed germline configurations for both T-cell receptors and immunoglobulin genes. These clinical and phenotypical features are consistent with a myeloid/natural killer cell precursor leukemia, a recently proposed distinct clinical entity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of secondary leukemia of myeloid/ natural killer cell precursor origin, and suggest that myeloid/natural killer cell precursor might be a potent target of therapy-related leukemia.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1999

The association between the high interpersonal sensitivity type of personality and a lifetime history of depression in a sample of employed Japanese adults.

BACKGROUND: Although the 'high interpersonal sensitivity' type of personality has repeatedly been shown to be related to depression by case-control studies, no studies have confirmed whether this association also exists in a non-clinical sample. METHODS: Scores on the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM) were compared between employed Japanese adults with and without a lifetime diagnosis of major depressive disorder. The diagnosis was provided by the Inventory to Diagnose Depression, Lifetime version. A multiple logistic regression analysis estimated the odds ratios for having a lifetime diagnosis of depression. RESULTS: The scores on the IPSM were higher in the subjects with a lifetime history of depression than those without a lifetime history of depression. On the five subscales of the IPSM, the subjects with a lifetime history of depression showed higher scores on 'interpersonal awareness', 'need for approval', and 'separation anxiety' than those without a lifetime history of depression. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the subjects with the high interpersonal sensitivity type of personality had an increased risk for experiencing lifetime depression. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that high interpersonal sensitivity is a risk factor for depression even in a non-clinical sample from non-Western culture.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Uterine adenomyoma of endocervical type.

A uterine adenomyoma of endocervical type was presented histopathologically in a 44-year-old woman. She had a mural tumor of the uterine endocervix, which showed a well-circumscribed margin and multiple cysts filled with mucin. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a proliferation of endocervical glands and smooth muscle. The glandular epithelial components were cystic and occasionally papillary, but neither component showed cytological atypia. A differential diagnosis of the uterine endocervical tumor should include adenomyoma of endocervical type.

Adenomyoma↗

PubMed1999

Oxygen consumption of cerebral cortex fails to increase during continued vibrotactile stimulation.

The coupling of oxidative metabolism to the blood flow of the sensory motor hand area is uncertain. The authors tested the hypothesis that continued vibrotactile stimulation ultimately must lead to increased oxygen consumption consumption. Twenty-two healthy right-handed young volunteers underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with the [(15)O]water bolus injection method to measure water clearance (K1H2O an index of blood flow (CBF), and with the [(15)O]oxygen bolus inhalation method to measure CMR(O2). The CMR(O2) was measured 30 seconds and 20 minutes after onset of intermittent (1 second on, 1 second off) vibrotactile stimulation (110 Hz) and compared with baseline measurements without stimulation. The K1H2O and CMR(O2) changes (delta K1H2O and delta CMR(O2)) were determined using intersubject averaging, together with magnetic resonance imaging based stereotaxic registration technique. The K1H2O increase was 21 +/- 4% and 12 +/- 4% at 30 seconds and 20 minutes after onset of stimulation, respectively. No significant increase of CMR(O2) was found until 30 minutes after the onset of stimulation. The authors conclude that blood flow and oxidative metabolism undergo uncoupling during sustained phasic stimulation of the sensory hand area. Therefore, neuronal activity stimulated in this manner does not rely on significantly increased oxidative phosphorylation.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMed1999

Specific skin manifestations in CD56 positive acute myeloid leukemia.

We found 16 CD56+ cases (29.6%) among 54 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients; they showed significantly frequent cutaneous involvement compared to CD56- cases (43.8% vs. 15.8%, p<0.05). Four of the CD56+ AML cases with specific skin manifestations were reviewed histologically. In all cases, cutaneous leukemic cells were seen in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue with accentuation around the adnexa/nerve, but sparing the epidermis. In addition, angiocentric/ angiodestructive and prominent cohesive tumor cell growth were seen in two cases, respectively. These findings suggest that the expression of CD56 may often be associated with the cutaneous involvement in AML, and that the above histological findings should remind us of the possibility of specific skin manifestations in CD56+ AML.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1999

[Complete responses in patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer with weekly high-dose 5-FU plus one-shot CDDP HAI].

Thirty-two patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer, treated by intermittent hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU combined with CDDP, were assessed. As a result of this treatment, the overall response rate was 65.6%, and eight patients (25%) which contained three autopsy cases revealed a complete response. The mean doses of 5-FU and CDDP which was administered in the eight patients were 24.3 g and 65 mg, respectively. One of the eight patients showed complete disappearance of liver metastasis on the CT scan after arterial infusion of 4.5 g of 5-FU, and necrosis or disappearance of the tumor was present in more than 2/3 of the whole lesion. Autopsy showed focal or zonal necrosis, distorted reconstruction of architecture, and cholangiolitis of the liver which were administered more than 15 g of 5-FU. Intermittent hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU combined with CDDP is proved to be a useful locoregional chemotherapy for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. We should evolve new treatment modalities for extrahepatic metastases, as HAI combined with the systemic chemotherapeutic regimen.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

[Complications related to hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer].

UNLABELLED: We evaluated the complications of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) chemotherapy in patients (pts) with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer. The subjects consisted of 61 pts with hepatic metastasis from colorectal cancer, who were treated by combined chemotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP weekly or continuously. Indwelling route of catheter: 30 via gastroduodenal artery (GDA) at the time of laparotomy ('LP'), 21 via femoral artery (FA) and catheter tip in PHA ('PHA'), 10 via FA and catheter tip is inserted with steel coil into the GDA ('GDA-coil'). Complications resulting in interruption of therapy occurred in 19 pts (31%), and the 'GDA-coil' method had a lower rate of complication than others. There was no difference in the incidence rate of complications between the two chemotherapy regimens. The complications of this therapy were: 8 (13%) cases of hepatic arterial occlusion, 3 (5%) cases of duodenal ulcer, 4 (7%) cases of catheter tip dislocation, 2 (3%) cases of catheter tip dislocation to the duodenal bulb, and 1 (2%) case of liver abscess. Hepatic arterial occlusion occurred frequently in LP. Up to 67% of patients with duodenal ulcer had hepatic arterial occlusion at the same time. All pts with catheter tip dislocation were 'PHA', and all pts with catheter tip dislocation to the duodenal bulb were 'LP'. IN CONCLUSION: 1. The best indwelling route for the catheter is by the 'GDA-coil' method. 2. To diagnose complications soon, regular CTA or DSA is necessary.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Effect of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibition on brain uptake of [18F]fluorodopa: implications for compartmental modelling and clinical usefulness.

The efficacy of levo-DOPA in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is potentiated by blockade of its peripheral metabolism with inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Some COMT inhibitors may act entirely in the periphery (nitecapone, OR-462), while others may also have some activity in brain (entacapone, OR-611). We used positron emission tomography (PET) to test the effects of these two COMT inhibitors on the plasma kinetics and brain metabolism of the levo-DOPA analog 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa (FDOPA) in cynomolgus monkeys, employing a compartmental model for the assay of DOPA decarboxylase activity in living brain. Four monkeys each underwent two PET scans in the baseline condition, one PET scan after treatment with OR-462 (15 mg/kg, i.v.), and one PET scan after treatment with OR-611 (15 mg/kg, i.v.). Pharmacokinetic analysis of FDOPA metabolism in plasma indicated that these compounds blocked peripheral COMT activity by 80% for at least 60 minutes. Both COMT inhibitors increased the net availability of FDOPA in circulation, and increased the ratio of the radioactivity concentrations in striatum and occipital cortex, suggesting that [18F]fluorodopamine synthesis in striatum was potentiated. However, OR-611 treatment reduced the unidirectional (K1D) and net (Ki) blood-brain clearances of FDOPA, and also inhibited the rate of decarboxylation (k3D) of FDOPA in striatum. These observations suggest that high doses of OR-611 may partially antagonize the cerebral utilization of levo-DOPA. We used the present data to test the sensitivity of the compartmental model to the physiological constraint that the blood-brain permeabilities of the O-methylated plasma metabolite and FDOPA have a fixed ratio. In the groups with COMT inhibition, the estimates of k3D were insensitive to the magnitude of the permeability ratio. In the control group, the estimate of k3D increased by 40% as the magnitude of the constrained permeability ratio increased in the range of published estimates.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[3H]DOPA formed from [3H]tyrosine in living rat brain is not committed to dopamine synthesis.

Tyrosine hydroxylase of catecholamine neurons catalyzes the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxphenylalanine (DOPA), which is subsequently metabolized to dopamine by DOPA decarboxylase (DDC). However, DOPA is not committed to decarboxylation in vivo because export of DOPA from brain and metabolism of DOPA other than decarboxylation are possible. To estimate the relative magnitudes of the several fates of DOPA, the kinetics of the uptake and metabolism of L-[3H]tyrosine ([3H]Tyr, intravenous infusion) was measured in brain of rats pretreated with NSD 1015, an inhibitor of DDC. Some rats were pretreated with haloperidol before the blockade of DDC. The [3H]Tyr was incorporated into brain protein at a rate constant of 0.03 min(-1). The relative tyrosine hydroxylase activity in striatum was 0.005 min(-1) at 30 minutes after NSD 1015, 0.011 min(-1) 3 hours later, and 0.020 min(-1) after haloperidol treatment. The rate constant for the clearance of DOPA from brain (0.06 min(-1)) and earlier estimates of the rate constant of DDC activity in striatum (0.26 min(-1)) together predict that 80% of DOPA formed in normal rat striatum normally is available for dopamine synthesis. It follows that modulation of DDC activity can influence the rate of DA synthesis by affecting the relative magnitude of the several fates of DOPA in living brain.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Small cell carcinoma of the gall-bladder with intestinal metaplastic epithelium.

A case of small cell carcinoma of the gall-bladder is described. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neuronspecific enolase, which suggests that they derived from neuroendocrine cells. The overlying and surrounding epithelium of the tumor showed intestinal metaplasia including goblet cells, pseudopyloric glands, Paneth's cells, and chromogranin A and synaptophysin-positive endocrine cells. Definite adenocarcinoma was absent. The endocrine cells in the epithelium were more numerous in the vicinity of the tumor. The present case supports the supposition that endocrine cell tumor (including small cell carcinoma) of the gall-bladder may develop from endocrine cells of the intestinal metaplastic lesion.

Aged↗