An immunohistochemical study of chromaffin cells and nerve fibers in the adrenal gland of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adrenal Glands↗
Biomedical subjects
H Kuramoto
Publications and source records attributed to H Kuramoto.
[Laser vaporization and incisional conization in cervical neoplasia as a conservative therapy].
We performed laser therapy for cervical neoplasia as a conservative therapy. Our materials were 202 cases (dysplasia-166, carcinoma in situ-36) treated by laser vaporization and 31 cases (dysplasia-7, CIS-7, questionable microinvasive cancer-17) by laser incisional conization. In addition to CO2 laser, we developed YAG laser and YAG/CO2 coaxial simultaneous laser for laser vaporization. On the other hand, we applied YAG laser for incisional conization with an attached laser rod (made of new ceramics) for use on an outpatient basis without anesthesia. Total cure rate after first treatment with laser vaporization was 93.0% (dysplasia 93.3%, CIS-91.7%). Pathological examination of the cone specimen revealed 8 cases of invasion (Ia stage-7, Ib stage-1). No abnormal findings could be found in follow-up cases. Complications were minimal in all cases. We thus demonstrated that simple and individualized management was possible for cervical neoplasia by applying either of these new methods.
Adult↗
Neuropeptide tyrosine-like immunoreactive nerve fibers in the carotid body chemoreceptor of rats.
Abundant NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found throughout the parenchyma of the rat carotid body. They were in close proximity to smooth muscle cells and pericytes of small blood vessels intervening a narrow interstitial space of 80-150 nm. No immunoreactive nerve fibers were associated with chief or sustentacular cells. After removing the superior cervical ganglion, no immunoreactive nerve fibers were seen in the ipsilateral carotid body and the immunoreactive nerve fibers remained intact in the carotid body after cutting the ipsilateral superior cervical sympathetic trunk. The NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers are therefore considered to be postganglionic sympathetic noradrenergic nerves.
Animals↗
Neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY)-like immunoreactivity in adrenal chromaffin cells and intraadrenal nerve fibers of rats.
The present peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical study demonstrated that approximately 50% of the total chromaffin cells of the rat adrenal medulla exhibited NPY-like immunoreactivity. The immunoreactive material was localized in the core of the chromaffin granules as well as diffusely in the cytoplasm. By combination of immunohistochemistry with noradrenaline-fluorescence microscopy, all NPY-immunoreactive chromaffin cells are nonfluorescent, indicating that all NPY-chromaffin cells co-store adrenaline. A comparison of two consecutive sections, each of which was processed for the immunostaining with anti-NPY and anti-Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu antisera, respectively, indicated that NPY and preproenkephalin A and its derivatives coexist in approximately one-fifth of the total NPY-immunoreactive cells. In addition to the NPY-immunoreactive cells, a plexus of NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers with varicosities was found in the subcapsular regions of the adrenal gland. The nerve fibers were often associated with small blood vessels and extended into the zona glomerulosa. Single NPY-immunoreactive fibers were sparsely distributed in the deeper regions of the cortex and in the medulla. Ganglion cells in the adrenal gland were not seen exhibiting intensely positive NPY-like immunoreactivity. The NPY-immunoreactive nerve fibers contained abundant small clear vesicles mixed with a few small and large granular vesicles. The immunoreactive material appeared on the granular cores as well as in the axoplasm. The NPY fibers were closely apposed to smooth muscle cells and pericytes of small blood vessels in the cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adrenal Glands↗
An immuno-electron-microscopic study of the localization of VIP-like immunoreactivity in the adrenal gland of the rat.
VIP-like immunoreactivity was revealed in a few chromaffin cells, medullary ganglion cells and a plexus of varicose nerve fibers in the superficial cortex and single varicose fibers in the juxtamedullary cortex and the medulla of the rat adrenal gland. VIP-like immunoreactive chromaffin cells were polygonal in shape without any distinct cytoplasmic processes and they appeared solitarily. Their cytoplasm contained abundant granular vesicles having a round core and the immunoreactive material was localized to the granular core. VIP-immunoreactive ganglion cells were multipolar and had large intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The immunoreactive material was localized not only in a few granular vesicles but also diffusely throughout the axoplasm. VIP-immunoreactive varicose nerve fibers in the superficial cortex were characterized by abundant small clear vesicles and some large granular vesicles, while those in the juxtamedullary cortex and medulla and the ganglionic processes were characterized by abundant large clear vesicles, as well as the same vesicular elements as contained in the nerves in the superficial cortex. The immunoreactive material was localized on the granular cores and diffusely in the axoplasm in both nerves. Based on the similarity and difference in the composition of the vesicles contained in individual nerves, it is likely that the VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the medulla and the juxtamedullary cortex are derived from the medullary VIP-ganglion cells, while those in the superficial cortex are of extrinsic origin. The immunoreactive nerve fibers in both the cortex and the medulla were often in direct contact with cortical cells and chromaffin cells, where no membrane specializations were formed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Responses to estradiol in a human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa).
A human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa) has been found to be estrogen responsive. The growth stimulatory effects of estradiol (10(-8) M) could be clearly demonstrated when cell cultures containing the hormone were compared with the maximal cell density achieved in control cultures. The approx. 3-fold increase in cell density observed 2-3 weeks after plating, with frequent medium changes, could by blocked by a 100-fold molar excess of the antiestrogen trans-4-monohydroxytamoxifen. When added to hormone-free cultures that had reached a plateau level of cell numbers on day 14 after plating, estradiol (10(-8) M) caused the resumption of proliferation: after 6 days in the presence of the hormone, the cultures contained nearly twice the cell numbers of controls. Effects of estradiol on Ishikawa cells were also evident from the several-fold increases in the levels of specific progesterone binders provoked by the hormone at 10(-9)-10(-6) M concentrations. Cells injected into nude mice formed tumors which contained estrogen and progesterone binders. The availability of a fast-growing (doubling time approx. 30 h) endometrial cancer cell line responsive to estradiol at near physiologic levels will facilitate biochemical studies of hormonal effects on the human endometrium.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effects of estradiol on proliferation of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa line).
Estradiol (E2) stimulates the proliferation of human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells of the Ishikawa line, which had been previously shown to respond to estrogen by increasing their levels of progesterone receptor and the specific activities of DNA polymerase alpha and alkaline phosphatase. Although E2 (10(-8) M) did not increase rates of proliferation during the initial logarithmic growth period of the cultures under the chosen experimental conditions (MEM with 15% charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum renewed every 2-3 days), it sustained cell proliferation after about day 10, when parallel control cultures had reached plateau cell densities. Cell proliferation in control cultures at plateau levels was resumed when the hormone was added. Growth rates of cultures containing E2 from the time of seeding and the proportion of quiescent cells, estimated by using a simple cell kinetic model, decreased steadily with time. Ornithine decarboxylase and DNA polymerase alpha activities, as well as estrogen receptor levels, also decreased with time in culture. Ishikawa cells formed colonies in soft agar; colony formation efficiencies were higher as the number of cells seeded was increased from 10,000 to 100,000 cells/6 cm dish, were not influenced by the addition of E2 to the medium (10(-9) to 10(-5) M) and were markedly reduced by difluoromethylornithine (10(-2) M), an effect that was counteracted by putrescine (25 X 10(-6) M).
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effects of steroid hormones and antisteroids on alkaline phosphatase activity in human endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa line).
Alkaline phosphatase activity in human endometrial cancer cells of the estrogen-responsive Ishikawa line was markedly stimulated (3-20-fold in 4 days) by estrogens, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone but not by testosterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, glucocorticoids, several peptide hormones, prostaglandins, or growth factors. Maximum responses to estradiol were obtained at concentrations between 10(-9) and 10(-7) M; at 10(-8) M estradiol, the highest activity was reached 48-72 h after addition of the hormone. A linear relationship between enzyme activity at 48 h and the length of exposure to the hormone was observed. Dibutyryl cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate, but not dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity and acted synergistically with estradiol. trans-4-Monohydroxytamoxifen completely antagonized the stimulatory effect of estradiol and had no agonistic activity. Dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone appear to exert their effects, at least in part, by interacting with estrogen receptors, since the simultaneous presence in the medium of monohydroxytamoxifen abolished their influence on alkaline phosphatase activity. The specific antiandrogen monohydroxyflutamide partially antagonized the effect of these hormones, suggesting that their action involved androgenic mechanisms as well. Exposure to elevated temperature and to specific inhibitors identified alkaline phosphatase of Ishikawa cells as a placental-type isoenzyme, thus contrasting with the nonplacental type found in glandular epithelial cells of normal endometrium and in another human endometrial cancer cell line, HEC-50. This study extends our previous observations of estrogen responsiveness in the Ishikawa cell line. In addition to the previously reported stimulatory effects on growth and progesterone receptor levels, we are now describing the stimulation by estrogens and C19 steroids of an enzyme, alkaline phosphatase, which can be used as a convenient end point to examine mechanisms of hormonal action.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Evidence for the coexistence of acetylcholine and enkephalin in the sympathetic preganglionic neurons of rats.
The localization of the cholinergic neurons in the lower thoracic segments of the spinal cord of rats was examined by a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The ChAT-immunoreactive neurons were located in the intermediate as well as anterior gray matters. In the intermediate gray the highest incidence of the immunoreactive neurons was in the nucleus intermediolateralis, followed by the nucleus intercalatus pars paraependymalis and a few immunoreactive neurons were seen in the nucleus intercalatus proprius. In the sequential immunostaining of one and the same section of the spinal cord pretreated with colchicine using the ChAT antibody and a polyclonal antibody against methionine-enkephalin-argynine-glycine-leucine (Met-Enk-Arg-Gly-Leu), substantial numbers of neurons were immunostained simultaneously by the two antibodies in the intermediate gray matter. The present finding gives strong evidence for the coexistence of acetylcholine and enkephalins in, at least, some of the preganglionic neurons projecting their axons to the periphery.
Animals↗
Discrete distribution of cholinergic and vasoactive intestinal polypeptidergic amacrine cells in the rat retina.
The distribution and fine structure of cholinergic amacrine cells of the rat retina were observed using monoclonal anti-choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibody. The ChAT-immunoreactive cholinergic cells were located in the innermost zone of the inner nuclear layer and in the outer zone of the ganglion cell layer, and they formed two distinct bands in the inner plexiform layer. The ChAT-immunoreactive materials were diffusely localized throughout the cytoplasm except for the nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and the interior of the endoplasmic reticulum and vesicular components. The sequential immunostaining of one and the same section with both the ChAT antibody and the antiserum against vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) revealed clearly that the cholinergic amacrine cells are distinct from the VIP-immunoreactive amacrine cells.
Animals↗
Substance P-like immunoreactivity in adrenal chromaffin cells and intra-adrenal nerve fibers of rats.
The present peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical study demonstrated a relatively small number of cells with substance P(SP)-like immunoreactivity in the adrenal medulla of rats. These cells were found alone or in small groups, were polygonal in shape and lacked long cytoplasmic processes. At immunoelectron microscopy, the immunoreactive cells were characterized by abundant granular vesicles, and the immunoreactive material was confined to the round core of the vesicles. Thus, it is suggested that SP co-exists with catecholamines in a population of chromaffin cells of the rat adrenal medulla. In addition a few SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers with varicosities were found in the adrenal medulla of rats. They extended between small clusters of chromaffin cells and had their dot-like terminals around and within the cell clusters. The SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were characterized by the presence of abundant small clear vesicles mixed with a few large granular vesicles; the immunoreactivity appeared in the latter, but was also perfused throughout the entire axoplasm. The nerve fibers formed synapses on nonimmunoreactive chromaffin cells. Judging from the presence of bundles of SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers penetrating the adrenal capsule and cortex as well as the absence of SP-immunoreactive ganglion cells in the medulla, the intramedullary SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers seem to be extrinsic in origin.
Adrenal Medulla↗
Ultrastructural studies of adrenal adenoma causing primary aldosteronism.
Adrenal adenoma tissue was obtained from 7 patients with the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism and was studied electron microscopically. Spironolactone was administered in 6 of these patients, but not in the remaining patient. Most of the mitochondria of the tumour cells possessed tubular cristae, giving an appearance similar to the mitochondria in the cells of the zona glomerulosa. Spironolactone bodies were seen in the tumour cells of 6 patients who were given spironolactone preoperatively, but were not observed in these cells in the patient not given spironolactone. The literature on the developmental mechanism of this spironolactone body was reviewed.
Adenoma↗
Neuropeptide immunocytochemistry in protostomian invertebrates, with special reference to insects and molluscs.
In some molluscs (Aplysia and Fusitriton) and insects (silkworm and cricket), occurrence and distribution of neuropeptides in the nervous system and gut were studied with following results: in these invertebrates and also in planaria, PP-like immunoreactivity is extensively distributed in neurons and (in insects) in gut endocrine paraneurons. These cells are negative for NPY, the mammalian neuropeptide related to PP in molecular structure. PHI-like immunoreactivity is widely distributed in the neurons of those invertebrates; it occurs also in gut endocrine paraneurons in insects. The PHI-immunopositive cells are immunonegative for VIP and the coexistence of both peptides due to the common precursor in mammals cannot be recognized in these invertebrates. Immunoreactivity for urotensin I, the neuropeptide derived from teleostean urophysial neurons, is widely distributed in the neurons of the invertebrates. In insects (cricket) it occurs in gut endocrine cells.
Animals↗
Cerebellar Purkinje cell-specific protein-like immunoreactivity in noradrenaline-chromaffin cells and ganglion cells but not in adrenaline-chromaffin cells in the rat adrenal medulla.
By means of immunohistochemistry combined with fluorescence microscopy, a cerebellar Purkinje cell-specific protein, also named spot 35 protein, was found to occur in all noradrenaline-chromaffin cells and some ganglion cells of the rat adrenal medulla. The immunoreactivity was localized in the chromaffin granules as well as the cytoplasmic matrix. The nucleus as well as the interior of the membranous organelles, were free of immunoreaction. No immunoreactivity was found in most of the intra-adrenal nerve fibers except for a few nerve fibers derived from the immunoreactive ganglion cells. Neither Schwann, satellite cells nor cortical cells were immunoreactive. It is suggested that some intracellular phenomenon possibly relating to the regulation of intracellular Ca-ion concentration is common to noradrenaline-chromaffin cells, medullary ganglion cells and cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Adrenal Medulla↗
PHI-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the cockroach (insect) and Aplysia (mollusc) with special reference to its relationship to VIP-like immunoreactivity.
Studies in mammals have indicated that PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine) and VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) share a prepropeptide, and that both peptides are contained in the same neurons. The present study proposes that this relationship may not hold true in protostomian invertebrates. In the nervous system of the cockroach (Insecta, Arthropoda) and Aplysia (Gastropoda, Mollusca) distribution of PHI and VIP was examined by immunocytochemistry. In both animals neurons containing PHI-like immunoreactivity were numerously found and only a small part of them in the cockroach contained VIP-like immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that in these invertebrates, PHI may play a more important regulatory role than VIP. Possible reasons for the difference in the distribution of immunoreactivities for PHI and VIP are discussed.
Animals↗
[Laser therapy of cervical cancer].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Female↗
Surgical treatment with complication for horseshoe kidney.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[Basic concept in screening for endometrial carcinoma].
A basic concept toward the popularization of screening for endometrial carcinoma was discussed. Cytology obtained from endometrial cavity is mandatory for such a screening method and is more valuable than cytology from the cervix or biopsy obtained by endometrial curettage. When utilized in combination with hysteroscopy, it will be worthwhile for the detection of early endometrial carcinoma with better prognosis. A prospective screening trial was performed on 7,847 women and both high-risk and low-risk factors were evaluated. From these data, the present criteria for starting the screening for endometrial carcinoma are introduced to be as follows; "women who complain of any kind of metrorrhragia" especially, aged 50 or above, postmenopausal, and nulligravida or gravida without pregnancy in recent years. Finally, the future problems of such screening were also discussed.
Adult↗