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Biomedical subjects

H Kuramoto

Publications and source records attributed to H Kuramoto.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Galanin-containing nerve terminals that are involved in a dual innervation of the striated muscles of the rat esophagus.

Galanin (GAL)-immunoreactive axon terminals on motor endplates of the esophageal striated muscles were demonstrated in mice, guinea-pigs and rats. The GAL-terminals innervated 33% of AChE-reactive motor endplates in mice and 6% of those in guinea-pigs. Double immunostaining revealed that separate GAL- and CGRP-positive terminals were localized within the same motor endplates in mice and rats. The GAL and CGRP terminals had different morphologies. No CGRP-immunoreactivity was found on motor endplates of the guinea-pig esophagus. Double immunostaining in rats showed that 68% of motor endplates with CGRP-nerve terminals were also supplied by GAL-nerve terminals, suggesting that the majority of esophageal striated muscles receive a dual innervation of GAL-and CGRP/ACh-containing terminals. By immuno-electronmicroscopy in the rat esophagus. GAL-immunoreaction was found in a small type of nerve terminals that possessed many large cored vesicles (90-130 nm) with intense immunoreaction. Larger GAL-negative nerve terminals with a cluster of small clear vesicle (40-50 nm), which seemed to be ACh-containing nerve terminals, were adjacent to a depression or slight protrusion of the sarcolemma and well-developed folds in the muscle fibers. At the motor endplates, the GAL-positive terminals made a synaptic contact via basement membrane with the sarcolemma of the muscle fibers, which was characterized by post-synaptic intense electron density. In most of all situations, in which the GAL-positive terminals and GAL-negative or -positive terminals were adjacent to each other and were also apposed to the striated muscles, the terminals were separated by attenuated sheet- or tongue-like cytoplasmic processes that appeared to originate from Schwann cells. Thus, the GAL-nerve terminals seem to provide a direct innervation of the striated muscle fibers rather than innervating the ACh-containing motor nerve terminals adjacent to the GAL-terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Hormone therapy of endometrial carcinoma].

Various hormone therapies for endometrial carcinoma have been reported in the literature using progestins, tamoxifen (anti-estrogen), danazol, Gn-RH etc. The response rates of these hormone therapies are reported to be approximately 30%, which is no longer superior to other types of treatment methods. On the other hand, endometrial carcinoma is considered to be one of hormone dependent tumors. Although sex steroid hormones play an important role in the mechanism of carcinogenesis and the progression of early and well-differentiated endometrial carcinoma, most of the advanced carcinomas treated by hormone therapy have transformed into hormone independent state. It is expected that endometrial hyperplasia and well-differentiated carcinoma especially in younger patients should be effective materials for hormone therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed1996

[Prediction of ijime (bullying)].

Questionnaires about Ijime (bullying) and Ijimerare (being bullied) were given to 261 junior high school students and their mothers from July to September in 1995. There were two types of questionnaires, one for the child, which inquired about his experiences of bullying other children and being bullied by other children during the last year, and the other for the mother which assessed the child's emotional and behavioral problems in the last year, was the Rutter Parental Questionnaire (R.P.Q.). These two questionnaires were filled in separately in order to avoid consultation between mother and child about their contents. Analysis of level of recognition of Ijime and Ijimerare by the mother showed a sensitivity level of Ijime and Ijimerare of 11.7% and 33.3%, respectively. The specificity on the part of the mother was 99.0% and 97.6% for Ijime and Ijimerare, respectively. While the specificity was sufficiently high for both phenomena, the sensitivity was low particularly for bullying other children. This underestimation may suggest the mother's psychological tendency to overlook the child's bullying of other children. A cross tabulation of the children's responses to "I bullied other children" and "I was bullied by other children" was made. A total of 254 cases were divided into the ijime group (n = 80) and the non-ijime group (n = 174), and the former was further divided into the aggressor (n = 37), the victim (n = 20) and the mixed group (n = 23). The average R.P.Q. scores of the victim and the mixed group were very similar at 7.4 and 7.1 points, respectively. Those of the aggressor and the non-ijime group were 4.6 and 3.8 points, respectively. A logistic regression analysis was performed and a predicted equation for probability of Ijime and Ijimerare was deduced. Using this logistic model, the specificity and the sensitivity were compared to those estimated by the mother. From this, it could be seen that, although the specificity was high in both estimations, the sensitivity estimated by this model was considerably better than that by the mother, especially in the prediction of Ijimerare which amounted to almost fifty percent accuracy. Because no information other than sex, school year, and the R.P.Q. scores (excluding enuresis and encopresis) are necessary, this model seems to possess convenience and a broad range of adaptability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Establishment of a new human ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma cell line (IM), and influence on cell proliferations by cisplatin with or without hyperthermia].

A new cell line, designated IM has been established from operation material derived from a woman with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma. The population doubling time of the 35th passage IM cell was 28.8 hours. And it was successively subcultured 165 times in over 7 years, moreover still kept CA125 production. The nuclear DNA and cell surface CA125 antigen were double stained by propidium iodide and anti CA125 monoclonal antibody-FITC. Then the two color cytogram obtained by flow cytometry was drawn up. For the most part of CA125 positive cell retained G0 + G1 of cell cycle, the lesser part was in G2 + M phase. The S phase rate of IM cell incubated with cisplatin at 37 degrees C or 41 degrees C for 1 hour that estimated by BrdU-propidium iodide double stain method of flow cytometry, it was suggested that the inhibition of DNA synthesis by cisplatin was increased with 41 degrees C low hyperthermia.

CA-125 Antigen↗
PubMed1995

Location of sensory nerve cells that provide calbindin-containing laminar nerve endings in myenteric ganglia of the rat esophagus.

To determine the origin of the calbindin-containing laminar nerve endings in the myenteric ganglia of the rat esophagus, retrograde tracing experiments combined with immunohistochemistry using an antibody for calbindin were carried out. After Fast blue was injected into the cervical portion of the esophagus, labeled neurons were found bilaterally in the nodose ganglion and dorsal root ganglia of C1 to T3. 80% of the total neurons in the nodose ganglion and 20% of those in the dorsal root ganglia showed calbindin immunoreactivity. Moreover, 79% of Fast-blue-labeled neurons found in the nodose ganglion and 18% of those in the dorsal root ganglia were immunoreactive for calbindin. These results suggest that the calbindin antibody we used is useful as a marker for identifying esophageal vagal afferents derived from the nodose ganglion. The calbindin-immunoreactive nerve fibers forming the laminar endings in the myenteric ganglia of the rat cervical esophagus are mainly derived from sensory neurons in the nodose ganglion and partly derived from those in the cervical and upper thoracic dorsal root ganglia. Calbindin-containing laminar nerve endings may be related to mechanoreceptors in the esophagus.

Amidines↗
PubMed1995

Galanin-immunoreactive nerve terminals innervating the striated muscle fibers of the rat esophagus.

Galanin (GAL) immunohistochemistry combined with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry was applied to demonstrate the innervation of the rat esophageal muscle coats. GAL immunoreactivity was found in a number of nerve cell bodies in the myenteric ganglia and in numerous varicose and non-varicose nerve fibers in the myenteric plexus and around blood vessels. Many GAL-positive varicose fibers ran in the internodal strands and along the striated muscle fibers. They often ramified and terminated on the muscle fibers to form arborizing structures, which were most abundant in the thoracic portion of the esophagus. Such GAL-positive terminals were localized in most (87.7%) of AChE-reactive motor endplates on the esophageal striated muscles. Left supranodose vagotomy caused a significant decrease of the GAL-arborizing terminals on the striated muscles of the esophagus. This suggests that they are terminals of efferent fibers in the vagus nerve.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1995

Expression of nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 protein in endometrial carcinoma.

nm23 gene expression has been shown to be inversely correlated with tumour metastatic potential in some cancers but not in others. Examination was made of the expression of nm23-H1 and nm23-H2 gene products by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting in 28 endometrial carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry indicated the cytoplasm of cancer cells to be positive, and myometrium and endometrial stromal cells negative, for nm23-H1 and -H2 protein. The staining intensity for these proteins was significantly stronger in well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (G1) than in those moderately differentiated (G2) (P < 0.05). nm23-H1 and -H2 proteins were shown by immunoblotting to be present at significantly higher levels in G1 than in G2 tumours (P < 0.05). Two of eight cases expressed high nm23-H1 and -H2 protein in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas (G3). In G3 tumours, nm23 expression may be diverse. In this study, the expression of nm23-H1 and -H2 was not correlated with stage, metastasis, tumour size, myometrial invasion, oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor or menopause. It follows from the findings presented above that the high expression of nm23-H1 and -H2 is positively correlated with histological differentiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Behavioral and emotional problems related to school nonattendance in Japanese junior high school children].

In order to assess behavioral and emotional problems related to school nonattendance in Japanese junior high school children, an epidemiological survey was performed involving mothers of about two thousand children. The questionnaire consisted of two major parts; the former concerning school nonattendance problems from April to October in 1993, and the latter was a Japanese version of the Rutter parental questionnaire. The following findings were obtained: 1) About 13% of the children were absent from school for one day or more either without any justifiable reasons or due to a psychological reason. The rate of nonattendance did not differ between boys and girls, but showed an increasing tendency with the grade level. 2) The percentage of children who missed more than 20% of scheduled days of school was 0.6% in this survey compared to 1.75% for this school district, both of which were close to the figure 0.94% in the annual report of the Japanese Ministry of Education. 3) The percentage of children who scored thirteen or more, the cutoff point of the Rutter parental questionnaire, was 3.6%, which is a lower frequency than the former reports both in and outside Japan. While items relating to neurosis showed little difference between sexes, antisocial scores were higher in boys similar to former reports. 4) Those in the school nonattendance group (n = 262) did not differ significantly from the school attendance group (n = 1381) in demographic characteristics such as sex, school grade, family size, total number of children and birth order. However, parents' educational background and job category were significantly different. In addition, Rutter scores as well as neurotic and antisocial scores were much higher in the school nonattendance group. 5) Rutter scores, especially neurotic scores showed a high correlation to the number of days of nonattendance. The school nonattendance group was divided into three groups, neurotic, antisocial and mixed. A strong relation between school nonattendance rate and the Neurotic group (n = 79), and a qualitative difference between Neurotic group and Antisocial group (n = 85) were seen. 6) High reliability of the Rutter parental questionnaire was verified through high internal consistency in two consecutive testings at two months' interval.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1995

[Comparison of behavioral and emotional problems related to school nonattendance in Japanese elementary and junior high school students].

An epidemiological survey was performed on 1,887 mothers of Japanese general elementary school children in the same school district as that for general junior high school students that was previously reported. The questionnaire consisted of two major parts; the former concerning school nonattendance problems from April to September in 1994, and the latter was a Japanese version of the Rutter parental questionnaire. The following findings were obtained: 1) About 12% of the children were absent from school for one day or more either without any justifiable reasons or due to a psychological reason. The rate of nonattendance did not differ significantly from the 13% figure for the junior high school students. 2) The percentage of children who missed more than 20% of scheduled days of school was 0.16% in this survey compared to the 0.65% for this entire school district, both of which surpassed the national figure of 0.13% (1993 fiscal year) in the annual report of the Japanese Ministry of Education. 3) The distinction of truancy from school refusal in the elementary school children was made more sharply than in the junior high school students. 4) The percentage of children who scored thirteen or more, the cutoff point of the Rutter parental questionnaire, was 8.6%, which is a rather low frequency in comparison to former reports in and outside Japan. While items relating to neurosis showed little difference between sexes, antisocial scores were higher in boys similar in tendency to junior high school students. In addition, the rate of positive responses to the Rutter parental questionnaire items were higher in the elementary school children, although those items showed less specific relation to school nonattendance than in the junior high school students. 5) Those in the school nonattendance group (n = 222) did not differ significantly from the school attendance group (n = 1367) in demographic characteristics such as sex, family size, total number of children and birth order. However, school grade, mother's school background and father's job category were significantly different. In addition, Rutter scores as well as neurotic and antisocial scores were much higher in the school nonattendance group. 6) Rutter scores, especially neurotic scores showed a rather high correlation to the number of nonattendance days, although not as high in magnitude as in the junior high school students. The school nonattendance group was divided into three groups, neurotic, antisocial and mixed. A rather strong relation between school nonattendance rate and the neurotic group (n = 77), and a qualitative difference between neurotic group and antisocial group (n = 56) were seen similar to the junior high school students.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1994

Plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary and biliary excretion of a new potent tripeptide HIV-1 protease inhibitor, KNI-272, in rats after intravenous administration.

The pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of KNI-272, a potent and selective HIV-1 protease inhibitor, were evaluated in rats after intravenous (IV) administration. The effect of dose on KNI-272 plasma kinetics, and the urinary and biliary elimination kinetics of KNI-272, were examined. After IV administration of 10.0 mg kg-1 KNI-272, the mean terminal elimination half-life, t1/2 lambda zeta, was 3.49 +/- 0.19 (SE) h, the total plasma clearance, CLtot, was 15.1 +/- 1.2 mL min-1 and the distribution volume at steady state, Vd,ss, was 3790 +/- 280 mL kg-1. On the other hand, after 1.0 mg kg-1 IV administration, t1/2 lambda zeta was 3.04 +/- 0.11 h, CLtot was 15.9 +/- 0.2 mL min-1, and Vd,ss was 6950 +/- 600 mL kg-1. The PK parameters of KNI-272 after IV administration showed that the disposition of KNI-272 in the rat plasma is linear within the dose range from 1.0 to 10.0 mg kg-1. Using an equilibrium dialysis method, the plasma binding of KNI-272 was measured in vitro. The free fractions were 17.7 +/- 0.6%, 12.1 +/- 1.5%, and 13.8 +/- 1.4% at the total concentration ranges of 9.898 +/- 0.097 microgram mL-1, 0.888 +/- 0.008 microgram mL-1, and 0.470 +/- 0.55 microgram mL-1, respectively. The percentages of the dose excreted into the urine and bile as the unchanged form were 1.20 +/- 1.06% and 1.61 +/- 0.32% at 1.0 mg kg-1 dose, and 0.164 +/- 0.083% and 1.42 +/- 0.26% at 10.0 mg kg-1 dose, respectively. The renal clearance (CLR) and the biliary clearance (CLB) were calculated to be 0.191 and 0.256 mL min-1 for 1.0 mg kg-1, and 0.0248 and 0.215 mL min-1 for 10.0 mg kg-1, respectively. When comparing these values with the CLtot values, the urinary and biliary excretion of KNI-272 are minor disposition routes.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Immunohistochemical demonstration of calbindin-containing nerve endings in the rat esophagus.

Immunoreactivity for calbindin was found in nerve endings with irregular laminar shapes in the rat esophagus. In the myenteric ganglia, laminar endings of a range of sizes formed a complex network and appeared to lie at the surface of the ganglion. The myenteric ganglia that contained nerve endings were most abundant in the upper portion of the esophagus, their number decreasing orally to anally. Calbindin-immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were scattered throughout the esophagus. Laminar terminals were found in the connective tissue of the lamina propria immediately beneath the epithelium and in the muscularis mucosae. Occasional nerve branches formed a network of aborizing endings that surrounded part of the submucosal arterioles. Immunoreactive nerve endings in the mucosa and submucosa were present only in the upper part of the cervical esophagus. Unilateral vagotomy caused a remarkable decrease in the number of the myenteric ganglia containing the calbindin-immunoreactive laminar endings after 15 days or survival; in some of ganglia, the laminar structures disappeared and nerve endings showing weak immunoreactivity had an indistinct appearance, so that the outline of the ganglia became obscure. In operated rats at 24 days, the number of innervated ganglia was about half that in normal rats. However, there was no change in the morphology and the occurrence of the immunoreactive laminar structures in the mucosa and submucosa after denervation. The results show that many of the laminar endings that are immunoreactive for calbindin in the myenteric ganglia are derived from the vagus nerve. Thus, the calbindin-immunoreactive nerve endings with laminar expansions that are found in the rat esophageal wall could be sensory receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A case of adrenal pheochromocytoma with normotention and normal levels of urinary excretion of catecholamines].

A 62-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for further examination of right adrenal mass accidentally pointed out by ultrasonogram. He had no symptoms and no physiological abnormalities. Endcrinological examinations revealed normal adrenocortical function, excluding the possibility of functioning adrenocortical adenoma. Pheochromocytoma seemed to be also unlikely since 24-hr urinary excretion of catecholamines were within normal limits. The tumor was surgically removed and histopathologically diagnosed as pheochromocytoma. This case of adrenal incidentaloma is unique in that little sign of pheochromocytoma was presented before operation. The reasons were discussed especially in respect of tissue contents of catecholamines and opioid peptide in comparison with other cases with pheochromocytoma we had experienced.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[A clinical study on the complications associated with laser therapy for cervical neoplasia].

Six hundred and fifty-nine patients with cervical neoplasia were treated by either vaporization (395 patients) or excisional conization (264 patients) with various Lasers. The complications associated with the therapies were examined with reference to the Laser sources and in the local anesthesia and non anesthesia groups. Six hundred and thirty-nine patients were treated on an outpatient basis without local anesthesia (37.7%) or with local anesthesia (62.3%). During the procedures, the patients complained of pain and a hot sensation in the lower abdomen in 64.6% in the vaporization (vapor) group and 60.7% in the conization (cone) group. In the local anesthesia group, 2.9% of the vapor and 4.0% of cone group complained of nothing. Uncontrollable bleeding during the procedures was most common in 12.8% and 32.3% in the CO2 vapor and cone groups, respectively. Misirradiation of the vaginal wall and vulva occurred in 3.3% in all vapor groups. On the other hand, the incidence of burns to both areas in all cone groups was 7.2%. The patients who were given an analgesic were 1.3% in all vapor groups and 2.5% in all cone groups. Delayed bleeding in those who received some treatment to stop it occurred in 14.7% in all vapor groups and also in 11.0% in all cone groups. Cervical stenosis was seen in 3.8% in all vapor groups and in 8.6% in all cone groups. No infection of the lasered site was observed in the vapor groups, but was observed in 0.8% in the cone groups. The culture test showed both E. coli positive.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1993

Immunocytochemical study of membrane skeletons in abnormally shaped erythrocytes as revealed by a quick-freezing and deep-etching method.

Ultrastructures of membrane skeletons in spherocytic and elliptocytic erythrocytes were investigated immunocytochemically. Erythrocytes obtained from patients with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) were split open mechanically to obtain exposed cytoplasmic sides of erythrocyte membranes and were immunostained with anti-spectrin antibody. Replica membranes were prepared by a quick-freezing and deep-etching method and were checked by electron microscopy. The in situ membrane skeletons of normal erythrocytes consisted mainly of reticular patterns of spectrin filaments, which formed networks on the cytoplasmic sides of the cell membrane. In contrast, the membrane skeletons of abnormally shaped erythrocytes (HS and HE) were much less filamentous and more granular than those of normal erythrocytes. This abnormal organization in erythrocyte membrane skeletons may be one of the factors that induce abnormally shaped erythrocytes in HS and HE patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[In vitro study for hormones and growth factors dependent cell proliferation of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells].

Sex steroid hormone dependent cell proliferation and inducing growth factors of endometrial carcinoma cells were investigated using in vitro culture systems. The cell proliferation of Ishikawa cells derived from well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma which possess both estrogen and progesterone receptors were stimulated by either estradiol added to culture media or EGF and TGF-alpha acting through EGF receptors. These stimulatory effects of TGF-alpha were antagonized by the anti TGF-alpha and EGF-receptor antibodies. The cell proliferations of other endometrial cancer cells were also inhibited by those antibodies. All endometrial cancer cells secrete TGF-alpha into their culture media measured by TGF-alpha ELISA methods. The expression of TGF-alpha mRNA and secretion of TGF-alpha of Ishikawa cells were induced by estradiol but not of hormone independent HEC-50 cells. Thus suggest that estradiol dependent growth factor should be TGF-alpha in human endometrial carcinoma cells.

Carcinoma, Endometrioid↗
PubMed1992

Immunocytochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (Ishikawa cells).

The regulation of both estrogen and progesterone receptor levels in human endometrial adenocarcinoma cells of the Ishikawa line was investigated immunocytochemically by using monoclonal antibodies. Positive staining for estrogen and progesterone receptors was observed in the nuclei of Ishikawa cells. Intercellular heterogeneity in receptor content was evident from the presence of receptor-positive or -negative cells and from differences in staining intensity of positive cells. Quantitative analysis was performed by scoring the staining intensity and the proportion of positively stained cells. The time and dose-dependent stimulatory effect of estradiol added to culture media on progesterone receptor levels was studied by applying both immunocytochemical and biochemical methods. Estradiol at 10 nM (optimal concentration) increased the intensity score for PR from an initial value of 10.1 to 78.3 after 72 h incubation, and the proportion of the positive staining cells from 6.7 to 42.7%. Promegestone (R5020) was effective at 1 microM concentration in decreasing the intensity score for ER from 31.1 to 14.6 after 72 h exposure and the proportion of positive cells from 19.0 to 11.4%.

Adenocarcinoma↗