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Biomedical subjects

H Kumagami

Publications and source records attributed to H Kumagami.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Immunohistological study of eosinophilic infiltration of nasal polyps in aspirin-induced asthma].

It is well known that nasal polyps frequently develop in patients with aspirin-induced asthma, which is thought to be a non-atopic disease. We immunohistochemically examined the eosinophils infiltrating the nasal polyps in patients with aspirin-induced asthma. It has also been established that the monoclonal antibody EG1 reacts with both stored and secretion type ECP (eosinophil cationic protein), and that EG2 reacts only with the secretion type of ECP. EG2 positive cells may thus be considered to be activated eosinophils. Seven cases with nasal polyps associated with aspirin-induced asthma participated in our study. Blood eosinophilia was observed in all 7 cases, but 6 showed normal blood values IgE. Two reacted to house dust antigen, on skin tests and RAST. In the nasal polyps, many EG2 positive cells were observed. On serial sections, the number and distribution of EG1 and EG2 positive cells were almost equal. In the superficial lamina propria, extra-cellular release of ECP was noted. However, epithelial damage did not relate to the number of EG2 positive cells or the degree of extra-cellular EG2 release. In the deep lamina propria, slight extra-cellular ECP release was found. From these results, the eosinophils in nasal polyps accompanying aspirin-induced asthma were thought to be activated. Eosinophils seem to play an important role in the development of nasal polyps. However, tissue injury induced by eosinophils, was not be demonstrated in this study.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Endolymphatic hydrops induced by noise exposure.

In animal with cochlear deafness induced by firecracker explosion, fibrous degeneration of the endolymphatic sac was observed 4 months after the disappearance of Preyer's reflex. Endolymphatic hydrops induced by noise exposure may develop as the results of degeneration of the endolymphatic sac due to cochlear deafness by acoustic trauma after the lapse of a long period of time.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A case of delayed endolymphatic hydrops.

A 30-year-old male with delayed endolymphatic hydrops was given a sac operation. An intradural portion of the endolymphatic sac was resected and the epithelial surface was examined under a scanning electron microscope. The epithelium showed fibrous degeneration and disappearance of the epithelial cells. Pathogenesis of degeneration of the endolymphatic sac is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Altered distribution of motor neurons in experimental facial nerve paralysis.

The alteration of motor neurons in the brainstem after recovery from experimental facial nerve paralysis was examined by the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique in the rabbit. Six months after nerve crush injury at the center of the vertical portion, HRP was injected into the zygomatic muscle on the recovered side. The distribution of labelled neurons in the brainstem was compared with that in the normal rabbit. In control animals, motor neurons in the facial nucleus were somatotopically organized, and there were no labelled neurons in other nuclei in the brainstem. In recovered animals, on the contrary, the somatotopic organization of the facial nucleus was obscure and multipolar neurons of varying size were labelled bilaterally in the reticular formation from the pons to the medulla.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Scanning electron microscopy and immunoglobulins of the endolymphatic sac in Menière's disease.

SEM and immunoglobulin staining of the intradural portion of the endolymphatic sac (ES) were investigated. All 15 normal subjects, from fetuses to an 80-year-old adult, showed well arranged epithelial cells. In Menière's disease (all 15 patients) the ES showed various types degeneration of the epithelial cells. Inner ear deafness experimentally produced by kanamycin injection showed a similar degeneration of the ES. IgG of the ES in Menière's disease showed moderately evident deposits compared with normal subjects. However, these findings were also found to the same degree as IgG deposits in animal deafness produced by KM injection. From the above results it can reasonably be concluded that the degenerated findings of the ES and deposits of the IgG in Menière's disease may possibly be the result of cochlear deafness.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Positional nystagmus due to alteration of the specific gravity in the labyrinth.

Horizontal positional nystagmus having characteristics similar to ice water caloric nystagmus was induced by injecting heavy water into the rabbit middle ear cavity or facial nerve through the stylomastoid foramen. Furthermore, with general administration of glycerol to normal subjects, horizontal positional nystagmus as with general administration of heavy water to experimental animals was observed. It is possible that alteration of the specific gravity arising from infiltration of heavy water or glycerol into the labyrinth accounts for the manifestation of positional nystagmus. These studies on positional nystagmus may be one of the means to elucidate the mechanism of caloric nystagmus and to examine the function of the human blood-labyrinth-barrier.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Testosterone and estradiol in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma tissue.

Five cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) were studied in terms of the presence of testosterone and estradiol in the JNA tissues using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Testosterone was found to be negative and estradiol positive in all cases. JNA is considered to be a tumor associated with estradiol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical and immunohistological findings of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma experienced in the last six years].

Five patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma were found between 1984 and 1990 in our department. Clinical findings, treatment, and postoperative follow-up were reported. Two patients belonged to stage III and remnant 3 patients belonged to stage I. In cases of stage I, a surgical approach through the suprahyoid pharyngotomy was a worthy procedure to try, because angiofibroma was observed under direct vision and hemostasis was easy. In therapeutic planning, the authors emphasized the need of a preoperative staging classification based on CT scanning and selective angiography. In immunohistochemical studies, Langerhans cells with S-100 protein positive were found. Fibroblasts revealed estradiol positive but testosterone showed negative in all cases. Thus, juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma was considered to be neoplasm related estradiol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Scanning electron microscopy and immunoglobulins of the endolymphatic sac in normal human subjects and sensorineural deafness. With special reference to Menière's disease.

The pathophysiology of the endolymphatic sac (ES) in Meniere's disease was studied by scanning electron microscopy and staining of immunoglobulins in the intradural portion of the ES. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method by means of paraffin sections was used for staining of immunoglobulins. First, subjects without hearing impairment and malformation of the temporal bone, ranging from a 7-month-old fetus to an 80-year-old adult, were investigated. All subjects, including fetuses, showed well-arranged epithelial cells by scanning electron microscopy. The epithelial cells in the proximal portion of the intradural ES were oval, showing a tendency of transitional change to be flat as they drew near the distal portion of the ES. The epithelial cells consisted mostly of light cells, but sporadic dark cells were seen. Regarding the immunoglobulins. IgG was slightly positive in the epithelial and subepithelial layers. All 15 patients with Meniere's disease showed various types of degeneration of the epithelial cells though to varying degrees. However, these findings were also seen in cases of cochlear deafness. On the other hand, the ES of acoustic tumors, with retrocochlear or neural deafness revealed a normal finding, as found in healthy subjects. Inner ear deafness experimentally produced in animals by Kanamycin sulfate (KM) injection showed degeneration of the epithelial cells of the ES similar to that found in human cochlear deafness. IgG of the ES in Meniere's disease showed moderately evident deposits compared to normal subjects. However, this was also found not only in inner ear deafness other than Meniere's disease, but also in animal deafness experimentally produced by KM injection. It is very interesting to note that moderate endolymphatic hydrops was found in animals one year after Preyer's reflex had disappeared. It is postulated that endolymphatic hydrops develop because of impairment of endolymphatic fluid resorption at the rugose portion and stenosis of the lumen in the same portion, due to degeneration of the epithelial cells. From the above results, it is argued that degenerated epithelial cells and immunoglobulins of the ES in Meniere's disease may arise from the sequelae of cochlear deafness. It is also hypothesized that endolymphatic hydrops--at least in the terminal stage of Meniere's disease--may be consistent with the same pathophysiological conditions as in animal experiments.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Experimental positional nystagmus induced by argon laser irradiation to the oval window].

Experimental positional nystagmus (EPN) similar to benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPPN) was induced in 8 of 20 rabbits by argon laser irradiation to the footplate. The power of the argon beam used was 2.0 watts and irradiation time was 1 or 2 sec. EPN and BPPN showed the following similarities maintained (1) When the head was maintained in the affected ear down position and the head positioned from the sitting to the supine position nystagmus directed to the affected ear or vertical nystagmus corresponding to rotatory nystagmus in man were provoked. (2) Delayed onset for provocation of nystagmus. (3) Limited duration. (4) Fatigability. (5) The direction of nystagmus was reversed when the head returned to the initial position (in two rabbits). Histological examination of the temporal bones showed separation of otoconia from the otolithic membrane of the saccule and bleeding in the saccule in both conditions. No lesions in the utricle and semicircular canals were evident. It was assumed that ablation of otoconia of the saccule causes this experimental positional nystagmus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Detection of immunoglobulin in the inner ear tissue by PAP method].

The distribution of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM in the inner ear tissue from a patient who died of lung bleeding followed after sepsis was studied, and also the normal guinea pig inner ears and the inner ear disorders induced by Kanamycin injection were studied for the distribution of IgG. The temporal bones were fixed in formaldehyde, decalcified in EDTA and embedded in paraffin. The PAP method was used for the demonstration of the immunoglobulins. In both the human inner ear tissue and the normal control inner ear tissue of the guinea pigs deposits of IgG were found in the sensory organs and the endolymphatic sac, however, in the stria vascularis was slight. The severe damaged inner ears induced by Kanamycin the remarkable decreased deposits of IgG were found in the cochlea, but in the endolymphatic sac the remarkable increased deposits of IgG were found. No IgA and IgM were found in the human inner ear tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[A case of nasopharyngeal amyloidosis].

A case of amyloidosis localized in the nasopharynx was reported. The patient was a 62-year-old female who complained of persistent nasal obstruction. The gross appearance of this tumor showed a thumb-sized red-yellowish mass, in part covered with white coating. The systemic amyloidosis was excluded by several clinical examinations including rectal biopsy. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse deposits of homogeneous eosinophilic substances. A polarized microscopic examination by congo-red stain showed that deposit's substances were amyloid. A typical amyloid fibril was observed under electron microscope. The mass was removed with Beckmann adenotome. Bleeding was minimal.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1988

Fluorescence findings of the facial nerve at decompression operation.

Decompression operation was performed on patients with Bell's palsy and facial nerve palsy due to temporal bone fracture or otitis media, and a study was made on the relation between the fluorescence findings of the nerve and prognosis. The fluorescence of nerve was visible in 4 cases of Bell's palsy but none of the patients was completely cured, though the degree of cure tended to be proportional to the intensity of fluorescence. On the other hand, cure was seen even in cases of facial nerve palsy due to temporal bone fracture or otitis media that showed no fluorescence or any response in the maximal stimulation test (MST). It is suggested that Bell's palsy and facial nerve palsy due to trauma or otitis media do not share the same pathophysiology.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Reliability of cochlear microphonics in clinical electrocochleography.

A study was made on the reliability of cochlear microphonics (CM) recorded in clinical electrocochleography (ECochG) by the transtympanic electrode technique. In normal-hearing subjects, the CM shift increased as the frequency was lowered at the same sound pressure, and as the sound pressure was lowered at the same frequency. The CM shift for the frequencies from 8 to 0.5 kHz was greater as the sound pressure was lowered. The above results suggest that clinical ECochG CM responses may well reflect the potential of the cochlea.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1987

[A case of facial nerve schwannoma extending into the middle cranial fossa with characteristic CT findings].

Facial nerve schwannoma is rare. Since the first description by Schmid, about 150 cases have been reported mainly in the otological field. The authors recently had a case of facial nerve schwannoma with a marked capsular calcification, extending into the middle cranial fossa. A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on June 20, 1986. About 44 years prior to the admission, he noted facial weakness of the right side which gradually progressed. Neurological examination on admission revealed complete right facial paralysis of the peripheral type with loss of taste, right hearing loss, diminution of lacrimal secretion and no reaction to caloric stimulation. Stenvers' view and tomogram of the right temporal bone showed destruction of petrous ridge. CT scan demonstrated bony destruction of the right petrous pyramid and high dense mass lesion, extending into the middle cranial fossa. Peritumoral and intratumoral calcifications, characteristics of facial nerve schwannoma were also noted. Right external carotid angiography demonstrated the tumor was fed by petrous branch of the right middle meningeal artery. On July 11, 1986 right temporal craniotomy and extradural approach to the floor of the petrous portion of the middle cranial fossa were performed. There was an extradural mass which extended to the middle cranial fossa through the destroyed pyramis. The tumor appeared to originate from the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve and invaded the inner and middle ear which were almost completely removed. Operative specimen demonstrated that the tumor was a schwannoma. Postoperative hearing test and facial nerve function showed no changes as compared with preoperative findings. Similar case reports with CT findings were reviewed.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Electrocochleographic study of low-tone hearing loss without vertigo.

Auditory nerve action potential (AP), cochlear microphonics (CM) and summating potential (SP) were recorded from 6 patients with low-tone hearing loss without vertigo. All these cases showed high AP and -SP amplitude and satisfactory CM response. These findings resembled the electrocochleographic findings of type 1, which is an early stage of Ménière's disease. Hearing returned to normal range in half of the cases but remained hardly changed in the other half. The difference between these two groups could not be clarified electrocochleographically. On the other hand, low-tone hearing loss due to retrolabyrinthine lesion and due to familial sensorineural deafness was shown to have a low AP amplitude.

Adolescent↗