Biomedical subjects

H Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to H Kudo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

Molecular cloning of a mouse 47-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP47), a collagen-binding stress protein, and its expression during the differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma cells.

A 47-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP47) is a major collagen-binding stress protein residing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and is assumed to be a molecular chaperone specific to collagen. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation studies showed that the expression of HSP47 was significantly induced during the differentiation of mouse teratocarcinoma F9 cells by treatment with retinoic acid alone or with retinoic acid and dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-phosphate. The induction of type-IV collagen was also observed during F9-cell differentiation. For further analysis, we cloned cDNA encoding mouse HSP47 from a cDNA library of BALB/c 3T3 cells and performed Northern-blot analysis. The cDNA contained a signal sequence at the N-terminus and an endoplasmic-reticulum-retention signal, RDEL, at the C-terminus. An homology search revealed that mouse HSP47, as well as chick HSP47, belonged to the serine protease inhibitor superfamily. While chick HSP47 mRNA was 4.5 kb with a long (2-kb) 3' untranslated region, mouse and human HSP47 mRNA were 2.5 kb, with a 0.8-kb 3' untranslated region. Northern-blot analysis revealed that the concurrent induction of HSP47 and type-IV collagen during F9-cell differentiation, and the transient induction of HSP47 after heat shock was regulated at the level of mRNA accumulation. These results suggested that HSP47 was closely related to collagens in terms of its expression as well as in its functional relevance.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed1992

Treatment of early recurrent medulloblastoma in children with cisplatin and etoposide: a preliminary report.

The prognosis of recurrent medulloblastoma remains extremely poor. Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) and etoposide (VP-16) was given to five children with early recurrent medulloblastoma. As a rule, CDDP 20 mg/m2 per day and VP-16 60 mg/m2 per day were administered intravenously for 5 days. This cycle was repeated three times at 4-week intervals. After this therapy, cerebellar signs improved in one case and were unchanged in four cases. Weakness and sensory disturbance, however, improved in three of four patients. Moreover, neck and/or back pain resolved in all these four. Radiological findings improved in three cases. Myelosuppression appeared in all patients, but receded rapidly. No other significant complications were noticed. Two patients died 5 and 6 months after this therapy. These results seem to suggest that this therapy has a use in improving neurological symptoms, particularly neck and/or back pain, although its efficacy is limited.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Molecular analysis of rice dwarf phytoreovirus segment S1: interviral homology of the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase between plant- and animal-infecting reoviruses.

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the largest segment S1 of rice dwarf phytoreovirus (RDV), a member of the family Reoviridae. S1 is 4423 nucleotides long with a segment-specific inverted repeat located adjacent to the conserved termini (5'GGCAAA---UGAU3'). A major open reading frame (bases 36 to 4367) on the S1 plus strand, which is preceded by a minicistron (bases 6 to 29), encodes the polypeptide (P1) consisting of 1444 amino acids with a M(r) of 164, 142. The sense-strand transcript derived from the full-length S1 cDNA, the minicistron of which was abolished, directed the synthesis of a polypeptide of 170 kDa in addition to smaller polypeptides in wheat germ extracts, and the 170-kDa product comigrated with the minor core protein in SDS-polyacrylamide gel. Thus, P1 is assumed to be localized in the viral core particle. The consensus sequence element conserved in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase is observed in the P1 amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence. Based on the dendrogram established from the sequence alignment around the polymerase module region, and sequence identity within the alignment, P1 of plant-infecting RDV was evolutionarily compared with VP1, lambda 3, and VP1 of three other animal-infecting members of the family, rota-, reo-, and bluetongue viruses. Consequently, RDV S1 was shown to be more closely related to the rotavirus gene segment 1, in terms of molecular evolution, than the animal-infecting members are to one another.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Effects of carcinogenesis on colonic thymidine kinase activity in familial adenomatous polyposis.

Thymidine kinase (TK) activity of polyp tissue from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) was measured and compared with that of non-tumorous colon, sporadic polyp and colorectal carcinoma tissues. Total TK activity in colonic carcinoma was 3-fold that of non-tumorous colon; its increase seems attributable mainly to increased activity of cytosolic TK isozyme activity. By using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, the colorectal TK isozymes were separated into two types, i.e. two isozymes, referred to as the fetal (predominantly cytosolic) and adult (predominantly mitochondrial) types. However, FAP polyp samples from 15 patients showed an average elevation of only 1.8-fold over non-tumorous region of colon. Examined individually, only 5 of the 15 FAP samples showed significant elevations in total TK activity. Furthermore, TK isozyme analysis revealed variable patterns of the cytosolic isozyme activity, which was elevated in some cases (8/15) and remained low in others. Thus FAP polyps seem to be a heterogeneous population with respect to DNA replicative activity, and cytosolic TK isozyme activity may constitute a biochemical marker for the subsequent development of colorectal carcinoma in FAP.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗

PubMed1992

Conserved terminal sequences of rice ragged stunt virus genomic RNA.

The 5'- and 3'-terminal nucleotide sequences of the dsRNA genome segments of rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), a member of the plant Reoviridae, were determined and compared with those published for other viruses in this family. The 5'- and 3'-terminal regions of the RRSV plus strand RNA from all genome segments were found to have the same conserved hexanucleotide (5' GAUAAA---) and tetranucleotide (---GUGC 3') sequences, respectively. These conserved terminal sequences were different from those found in viruses in the Phytoreovirus and Fijivirus genera. This result confirms that, as already suggested, RRSV should be placed in a third genus.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Inhibition of the activation of heat shock factor in vivo and in vitro by flavonoids.

Transcriptional activation of human heat shock protein (HSP) genes by heat shock or other stresses is regulated by the activation of a heat shock factor (HSF). Activated HSF posttranslationally acquires DNA-binding ability. We previously reported that quercetin and some other flavonoids inhibited the induction of HSPs in HeLa and COLO 320DM cells, derived from a human colon cancer, at the level of mRNA accumulation. In this study, we examined the effects of quercetin on the induction of HSP70 promoter-regulated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity and on the binding of HSF to the heat shock element (HSE) by a gel mobility shift assay with extracts of COLO 320DM cells. Quercetin inhibited heat-induced CAT activity in COS-7 and COLO 320DM cells which were transfected with plasmids bearing the CAT gene under the control of the promoter region of the human HSP70 gene. Treatment with quercetin inhibited the binding of HSF to the HSE in whole-cell extracts activated in vivo by heat shock and in cytoplasmic extracts activated in vitro by elevated temperature or by urea. The binding of HSF activated in vitro by Nonidet P-40 was not suppressed by the addition of quercetin. The formation of the HSF-HSE complex was not inhibited when quercetin was added only during the binding reaction of HSF to the HSE after in vitro heat activation. Quercetin thus interacts with HSF and inhibits the induction of HSPs after heat shock through inhibition of HSF activation.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Increase of DNA synthesis in uterine adenomyosis in mice with ectopic pituitary isograft.

Ectopic pituitary isografts (EPI) have been found to induce a high incidence of uterine adenomyosis in SHN mice. All the SHN mice given EPI in the right uterus at 40 days of age developed uterine adenomyosis, and more than 80% of mice showed the genesis of subserosal nodules, an advanced state of adenomyosis, 65 days after EPI. Activities of both thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase, i.e. DNA-synthesizing enzymes in de novo and salvage pathways of pyrimidine metabolism, respectively, were significantly increased in EPI-induced uterine adenomyosis to approximately 2-fold those in normal control uteri. Bromodeoxyuridine-immunoreactive cells were regarded as the cells in S phase, and the number in the endometrial epithelium and stroma in EPI-induced uterine adenomyosis was more than 1.5-fold that in normal control uteri. EPI may affect the genesis of uterine adenomyosis generally, but not locally, because there were no differences between the right uterus with EPI and the left without EPI in the incidence of adenomyosis, histology or DNA-synthesizing enzyme activities.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Chronic subdural hematoma in elderly people: present status on Awaji Island and epidemiological prospect.

The epidemiological aspect of chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) in the elderly who are 65 years old or elder was evaluated on Awaji Island with about 170,000 inhabitants. The overall incidence of CSH was 13.1 per 100,000/year, 3.4 in people under 65 years old, and 58.1 in the elderly. The elderly were 17.7% of all inhabitants. If these incidences of CSH are extrapolated to all of Japan in the year 2020, the incidence will be 16.3 per 100,000/year. This suggests that CSH may become the most common neurosurgical condition.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Viruses in the phytoreovirus genus of the Reoviridae family have the same conserved terminal sequences.

The 5'- and 3'-terminal nucleotide sequences of the dsRNA genome segments of rice dwarf virus (RDV) and rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), members of the Phytoreovirus genus of the Reoviridae family, were determined and compared with those of wound tumour virus (WTV). The 3' tetranucleotides of the plus strand of all genome segments of RDV and RGDV were found to be the same (---UGAU 3'), except for segment 9 of RDV which had the 3'-terminal sequence---CGAU 3'. The conserved 3'-terminal sequence (---UGAU 3') was the same as that found in the genome segments of WTV, another member of the Phytoreovirus genus. On the other hand, the 5' termini of the plus strands of RDV and RGDV were found to have two or three types of common sequence. RDV had either 5' GGCAAA--- or 5' GGUAAA---, whereas RGDV had 5' GGCAUUUU---, 5' GGUAUUUU--- or 5' GGUAAUUU---. These conserved sequences were similar to the conserved 5'-terminal sequence of WTV (5' GGUAUU---). Although the three viruses differ in plant host range, tissue specificity, vector specificity and disease symptom expression, these results suggest that they have a common ancestral origin.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1991

[Superoxide anion (O2-) production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)].

The superoxide anion (O2-) production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate in IDDM and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was determined by the method of Johnston et al, compared with that of each age matched controls. And the correlation between O2- production and hemoglobin (Hb) A1 and A1c value was investigated. The O2- production in IDDM was 24.4 +/- 7.4 (mean +/- SD, n mol per 4 X 10(5) cells) at 10 min. and 51.4 +/- 8.7 at 30 min., in NIDDM each 31.6 +/- 9.3, 60.2 +/- 14.4, and in controls each 40.5 +/- 4.2, 72.4 +/- 3.1. O2- production in IDDM was significantly lower than that in NIDDM (p less than 0.001 at 10 min. and p less than 0.01 30 min.) and controls (p less than 0.001 at 10 and 30 min.). O2- production at 10 and 30 min. possessed a negative correlation with Hba1 and A1c value (HbA1: p less than 0.01 at 10 min. p less than 0.05 at 30 min., HbA1c: p less than 0.01 at 10 and 30 min.). These findings suggest that impaired O2- production might be one of the factors accounting for depressed bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in IDDM, and that a protracted hyperglycemia might shed some effect on O2- production.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

HSP47: a tissue-specific, transformation-sensitive, collagen-binding heat shock protein of chicken embryo fibroblasts.

We report the isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding HSP47, a transformation-sensitive heat shock protein that binds to collagen. A cDNA library was prepared from total RNA isolated from heat-shocked chicken embryo fibroblasts and screened by using oligonucleotide mixtures prepared on the basis of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of biochemically purified HSP47. The cDNA insert contained 3,278 bp, which encoded a 15-amino-acid signal peptide and a mature protein coding region consisting of 390 amino acid residues; it also included part of the 5' noncoding region and a long 3' noncoding region. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed an RDEL sequence at the C terminus, which is a variant of the KDEL retention signal for retention of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Northern (RNA) blot analyses and nuclear run-on assays established that the induction of HSP47 by heat shock and its suppression after transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts by Rous sarcoma virus are regulated at the transcriptional level. A homology search revealed that this protein belongs to the serpin family, the superfamily of plasma serine protease inhibitors. Although structurally homologous to the serpins, HSP47 lacks the active site thought to be essential for the inhibition of proteases and does not appear to bind to intracellular proteases. HSP47 is the first heat shock protein found to be a member of the serpin superfamily. Conversely, it is the first serpin family member that is not secreted from cells, which could be explained by acquisition of the RDEL retention signal during evolution.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1991

Prevention of fungal colonization and digestion of cellulose by the addition of methylcellulose.

When the attachment of cellulolytic rumen fungi to cellulose is blocked by the addition of methylcellulose, cellulose digestion is entirely inhibited. Even after these fungi have colonized and penetrated the cellulosic fibers of filter paper, the addition of methylcellulose effectively halts cellulose digestion. This effect of methylcellulose is accompanied by the complete inhibition of fungal attachment to cellulose fibers; the addition of methylcellulose does not affect the growth of these organisms on soluble substrates. We conclude that fungal cellulose digestion, like bacterial cellulose digestion, requires the spatial juxtaposition of the cellulolytic organism and its insoluble substrate. The simultaneous inhibition of both attachment and digestion by the same inhibitor suggests that these two processes are functionally linked in the fungi.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Anticancer effects of a Chinese herbal medicine, juzen-taiho-to, in combination with or without 5-fluorouracil derivative on DNA-synthesizing enzymes in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colonic cancer in rats.

Juzen-taiho-to (JTT; [Shi-quan-da-bu-tang], a Japanese modified Chinese herbal prescription) in combination with an anticancer drug UFT (5-fluorouracil derivative) prevented the body weight loss and the induction of the colonic cancer in rats treated with a chemical carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and suppressed markedly the activity of thymidylate synthetase (TS) involved in the de novo pathway of pyrimidine synthesis in colonic cancer induced by DMH.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical and epidemiological study on osteofluorosis].

The clinical manifestations of osteofluorosis in subjects exposed to high levels of fluoride in air or drinking water for longer than 10 years were observed. In particular, the relationship among the findings observed in X-ray pictures of bone and the extent of fluoride exposure, and the concentrations of fluoride in serum, urine and the environment were studied. Interpretation of the film was carried out by orthopedic surgeons by means of blind tests. When sclerotic changes of bone at more than two locations were observed, the subject was diagnosed as having possible osteofluorosis. From these studies, the following conclusions were obtained. 1) Of the 63 subjects exposed to airborne fluoride (average concentration: 0.88 +/- 0.74mg/m3; max.: 2.9mg/m3) for longer than 10 years, four possible cases of osteofluorosis were found. However, there were no patients presenting typical osteofluorosis. The average fluoride concentrations in serum and urine of the exposed group were 0.055 +/- 0.045ppm and 2.99 +/- 2.20ppm, respectively. The values were almost twice as high as those found in the control group (47 subjects). 2) Of the 95 residents in areas where the concentration of fluoride in drinking water was high (area A: 1.0-3.2 ppm and area B: 2.0-13 ppm), 19 subjects were diagnosed as possible cases of osteofluorosis and one case of definite osteofluorosis (corresponding to the second phase of the Roholm's classification) was found. In the latter case, the subject had drunk highly contaminated (12ppm) water for 26 years; a high serum fluoride concentrations (0.427ppm) and high levels of ALP and osteocalcin were found. This is one of the rare cases of osteofluorosis in Japan; only a few cases have been reported in the past. 3) As primary signs of changes in bone due to osteofluorosis, as seen in X-ray pictures, osteophytes of the lumbar vertebrae, ossification of the pelvic obturator membrane and ligaments and ossification of the interosseous membranes of forearms and lower legs are emphasized.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Surgical treatment of subaxial cervical myelopathy in rheumatoid arthritis.

Between 1978 and 1988 a total of 27 operations were performed on 26 patients for cervical myelopathy due to rheumatoid disease in the subaxial spine. Three different causes were recognised: the first group had cord compression due to subluxation of the cervical spine itself (6 patients); the second had cord compression occurring from in front, with rheumatoid lesions of vertebral bodies or discs (6); the third had compression from behind the cord due to granulation tissue within the epidural space (14). Group I was treated by closed reduction of the subluxation followed by surgical fusion either from in front or behind. Group II was decompressed by subtotal resection of the involved vertebral bodies and discs, followed by interbody fusion. The patients in group III were decompressed by laminectomy and excision of fibrous granulation tissue from the epidural space. Good recovery of neurological function was observed after 18 of the operations, fair recovery after five, poor recovery followed three, and one was worse. Myelopathy recurred in four patients, all of whom had had anterior interbody fusion.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Hydromyelic hydrocephalus. Correlation of hydromyelia with various stages of hydrocephalus in postshunt isolated compartments.

The clinical features and pathophysiology of specific forms of hydromyelia are analyzed in this report together with the chronological changes of associated hydrocephalus. Nine patients were studied; all had hydromyelia with varying degrees of associated hydrocephalus. Clinically applicable classification systems were used to evaluate the progression of hydrocephalus (Stages I to IV) and to define the compartment isolated after shunting in the previously communicating cerebral ventricles (Types I to IV). Four patients had Stage IV disease (holoneural canal dilatation); one had Stage II and four had Stage I disease (both Stages I and II with supratentorial hydrocephalus). All patients were initially treated by ventriculoperitoneal shunting at an average age of 9.9 years. Five patients had progressive spinal symptoms before or after treatment of their hydrocephalus. Two patients had Type III isolation (an isolated rhombencephalic ventricle) with a functioning ventricular shunt; ventriculography confirmed a communication between the fourth ventricle and the hydromyelia, and both patients improved after placement of a shunt in the fourth ventricle. The remaining patients had Type IV isolation (isolated central canal dilatation) with a functioning ventricular shunt. This study indicates that in some cases the pathophysiology of hydromyelia is closely related to associated hydrocephalus. A new concept of the development of an isolated compartment after shunting is proposed to explain the progression of hydromyelia in these cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[DNA-synthesizing enzyme activities and the immunohistochemistry in proliferation of bone marrow cells in rats].

Thymidylate synthetase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK) are know to catalyze the methylation of dUMP for the de novo synthesis of dTMP and the phosphorylation of thymidine for the salvage synthesis of dTMP in the pyrimidine pathway, respectively, and both enzyme activities are high in rapidly proliferating tissues. In the present study, these enzyme activities and the immunohistochemistry using monoclonal anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were investigated during the period of proliferation of bone marrow cells after the hypoplastic period induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment in rats. Right after Cy treatment, nucleated cell count (NCC) of bone marrow cells, BrdU labelling ratio and TK activity were abruptly decreased. On the other hand, TS activity peaked at day 5 followed by an increase of TK activity, NCC and BrdU labelling ratio from day 7 after Cy treatment. These results indicate that, in the proliferation of bone marrow cells, the DNA de novo synthesis rises at first, and secondly, the DNA salvage synthesis predominantly increases with the increase of bone marrow cells labelled with BrdU, i.e., increase of the cells in the S phase.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[The diagnosis of viral hepatitis].

Since 1965 when Australia antigen was discovered in the serum of Australian aborigines, many works have been done with hepatitis viruses. Most recently diagnostic marker for hepatitis C was developed by using gene technology, and now five types of hepatis can be differentiated serologically. In this symposium, six intellectual papers discussing with hepatitis B, C and fulminant hepatitis will be presented.

Hepatitis, Viral, Human↗