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Biomedical subjects

H Kraus

Publications and source records attributed to H Kraus.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The influence of different feeding regimens on the capacity of lipolysis and ketogenesis during the neonatal period (author's transl)].

The capacity of lipolysis and ketogenesis as well as blood glucose homeostasis is studied in full-term newborn infants on different feeding formulas during the first days of life. Only with the aid of an oligosaccharide compound, carbohydrates can be administered in sufficient quantities, about 7 g/kg X 24 h, so that fat mobilization and ketogenesis are almost completely suppressed. This is not achieved by a regimen mimicing breast feeding in that no milk feeding takes place during the first day, nor by feeding maximal quantities of milk as soon as possible nor by administration of a mixed formula consisting of 10% glucose and milk. Though by early ingestion of large volumes of milk which without introducing tube feeding cannot be further enhanced total caloric intake almost equals the amount attained by the oligosaccharide formula the proportion of carbohydrates in respect to the latter only amounts to one third. In summing up the data reported herein demonstrate that the energy requirements of neonates cannot be supplied by usual dietary regimens, mainly due to the limitation of volume newborn infants can drink voluntarily. As a result of a deficiency in available carbohydrate lipolysis is stimulated in adipose tissue and ketosis arises. These are physiological adaptions resulting in increased availability of free fatty acids and ketone bodies which are easily utilized and thus satisfy the caloric requirements of the newborn infant.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1976

[Regionally different activity of enzymes within placentones of human term-placentas. Histochemical and biochemical investigations (author's transl)].

After a short summarizing review earlier histological and first histochemical investigations on the functional morphology of placentones results of histochemical and biochemical studies about thirteen enzymes are presented. Histochemical and biochemical investigations demonstrate that the placental villi situated in the centers of the circulation-units show enzyme-patterns which only differ quantitatively not qualitatively from those of the villi situated in the periphery. Specific acitivity is found to be weaker in the central villi. The results confirm our former histological investigations which gave evidence that the villi situated in the centers of placentones were relatively immature compared to those of the periphereal areas. The centers of the placentones therefore are to be considered for regions of regeneration and growth whilst in the periphery placental metabolism and maternofetal exchange takes place.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Effects of arginine infusion in infants: increased urea synthesis associated with unchanged ammonia blood levels.

Infusion of L-arginine hydrochloride in infants and children (ages ranging from 1 day to 12 yr) at a dosage of 0.5 g/kg body weight resulted in a dramatic increase in the arginine plasma concentration, with highest values of approximately 7 mmole/liter immediately after the end of the infusion; 120 min later the mean plasma level of the amino acid had decreased to mean values of 1 mmole/liter. These fluctuations were paralleled by increased ornithine concentrations, although the mean plasma levels of this amino acid remained far below those of arginine, i.e., 0.73 and 0.22 mmole/liter after 30 and 90 min, respectively. When expressed on a molar basis, arginine administration resulted in an almost stoichiometric rise in urinary urea excretion. These findings indicate that arginine is rapidly metabolized via urea and ornithine, the latter being transformed to glucose, as evidenced by a significant rise in the blood glucose concentration. Blood gas analyses and serum urea and blood ammonia concentrations determined after the load showed no significant deviations from preinfusion levels. Thus, in contrast to the effects to be expected form studies with tissue culture homogenates, even when administered to newborn infants, arginine does not impair the turnover of the urea cycle.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1976

The influence of branched chain aminoacids and their ketoderivatives on renal gluconeogenesis.

Isolated kidney tubules served as a model to investigate the direct effect of branched chain aminoacids and their ketoderivatives on gluconeogenesis. The data presented in this paper demonstrate that the ketoderivatives rather than the branched chain aminoacids themselves inhibit renal glucosesynthesis from various precursors entering the glucogenic pathway at different levels. Though the point of the inhibitory attack of ketoacids could not be localized, an impairement of the kidney cortex to respond to metabolic acidosis with an increase of gluconeogenesis is evident from the present data. The relevance of the presented data concerning the production of hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis in leucine induced hypoglycemia and maple syrup urine disease is discussed.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Effect of lordosis on the stress in the lumbar spine.

A simple mathematical model is used to explore the influence of lordosis on the stress in the human spine. It is shown that flatter spines would tend to fail by flexion while spines with more lordosis would tend to fail by torsion.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

[The frequency and clinical significance of incomplete removal of epithelial lesions on the cervix uteri by conisation (author's transl)].

In cone biopsies of 413 patients we found 394 cases with premalignant or malignant lesions of squamous epithelium. Judged by the examination of the margins of the cone biopsy specimens, the removal of these epithelial lesions was found to be complete in an average of 62,9%. The increasing degree of epithelial atypia correlated with an increasing rate of residual malignant or premalignant tissue. The operation was mostly not radical in the endocervix. In 154 cases subsequent hysterectomia was performed. In 22% of the cases in which the margins of the cone biopsy specimens were free of epithelial changes, residual atypia was discovered in the uterus. On the contrary, in 35% of patients in which residual epithelial atypia was suspected, the uterus was found to be free of malignancy. The reasons are discussed. It is emphasized to pay attention to radical excision especially in the endocervix. Follow-up and smear controls are also necessary when margins of cone biopsy specimen are free of epithelial atypia. In young females desiring further pregnancies, treatment can be left at conisation even if it was not radical; frequent smear controls are obligatory in these cases.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1976

[The value of the dynamic dehydroepiandrosterone-test compared to the static measurement of total urinary estrogen excretion in the diagnosis of the condition of the feto-placental-unit (author's transl)].

In a comparative study in 84 pregnant women the condition of the feto-placental-unit was examined through the utilization of the DHEA-test and by the measurement of total urinary estrogen excretion. The test consists of intravenous injection of 50 mg DHEA-S to the mother and measurement of the total estrogen increase during the following 24 hour period as compared to the values before injection. When the condition of the feto-placentalunit is good an increase of estrogens is seen as a consequence of the transformation of DHEA to estrogens by the placenta. The difference between total urinary estrogen excretion before and after the injection of DHEA is considered as a measure of placental function. The results of estrogen determinations and the DHEA test were correlated to placental histology, cardiotocogram, colour of the amniotic fluid, Apgar-score, stillbirth, birthweight, and transfer of newborns to pediatry. We found that in cases with normal estrogen values and especially in cases with a good increase of estrogen excretion following DHEA-S-load there was a high probability of there being no acute risk for the fetus. The DHEA-test has a higher prognostic value than the analysis of urinary estrogen excretion alone, because it is better able to predict pathological findings of the reference parameters cited above. Possible reasons for an insufficient increase of estrogens in the DHEA-test without clinical pathology are discussed. When only a short time remains before birth, a better accord between test-results and clinical findings can be observed. This suggests a weekly repetition of the test.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1975

[Studies on placental blood flow under drug induced hypertension (animal experiments) (author's transl)].

Placental blood-flow rates in rabbits were measured by the indirect method of local apparent conductivity. In our experiments, hypertension was produced by injection or infusion of hypertensive drugs. As a result of hypertension we observed a marked decrease in placental blood flow. Vasoconstriction seems to be the pathophysiologic mechanism causing the reduced blood flow rate. Accordingly, the placenta may not be considered as a "priviledged organ" in circulatory regulations. In our experiments, placental ischemia subsequently to ligatures did not produce hypertension so that the production of a placental pressor-substance could not be demonstrated. If we assume a circulus vitiosus hypertension-placental ischemia-hypertension, the hypertension seems to be the primary cause.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1975

[Tumours of the corpus callosum in the anglogram (author's transl)].

On account of the median location of tumours of the corpus callosum, serial angiography reveals displacements only at an advanced stage. In many cases there is no lateral displacement of the anterior cerebral artery and a lateral angiogram of the pericallosal artery does not reveal tumours of the corpus callosum, especially if they are associated with a vascular pattern characteristic of arteriosclerosis or hydrocephalus. The deep mid-line veins are not consistently displaced. A differentiation of the vascular pattern associated with small tumours of the corpus callosum from normal variations may be problematic. The inner veins cannot be visualised sometimes on account of increased intracranial pressure and a slowing of the circulation.

Astrocytoma↗