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Biomedical subjects

H Kotses

Publications and source records attributed to H Kotses.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

An intraindividual comparison of standard and mini-Wright scores.

The relationship between peak expiratory flow rate scores recorded with the standard Wright meter and those recorded with the mini-Wright meter was determined by correlating these scores on an intraindividual basis. These correlations were compared with correlations between pairs of standard scores. The latter were computed so as to provide an estimate of peak expiratory flow rate variability unrelated to recording apparatus. The results showed that pairs of standard Wright scores were more highly related to one another than were pairs of standard and mini-Wright scores. From these observations it was concluded that standard and mini-Wright scores are not equivalent and therefore may not confidently be interchanged.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Applications of biofeedback to the treatment of asthma: a critical review.

Both muscular and respiratory biofeedback procedures have been employed in attempts to reduce symptoms of bronchial asthma. Research relating to these approaches is reviewed in the present article. Biofeedback training both for facial muscle relaxation and for respiratory resistance decrease improves short-term pulmonary function in asthmatic individuals. These forms of training represent promising avenues for the management of asthma. However, unqualified endorsement of these procedures is premature, at the present time, since their influence on asthma-related variables other than pulmonary function has not been determined and since their long-term effects have not been investigated.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1978

Operant conditioning of skin resistance tonic levels.

The purpose of the current investigation was to determine whether increases and decreases in skin resistance tonic level could be controlled by individuals given discrete visual feedback of such activity. Thirty-six male undergraduate students served as subjects. They were assigned randomly in equal numbers to four groups; two of the groups received accurate feedback of skin resistance level changes and two received inaccurate feedback. The two accurate-feedback groups differed with respect to the order in which increases and decreases in skin resistance level were reinforced. Each noncontingent group was matched with one of the contingent groups in terms of reinforcement density. The results indicated that accurate feedback produced skin resistance level changes consistent with the type of reinforcement employed. However, operant control was not clearly sustained subsequent to a reversal in the type of tonic level change reinforced. Some problems related to the clinical application of skin resistance level training are discussed.

Conditioning, Operant↗
PubMed1977

Latency of multiple skin conductance responses in differential classical conditioning.

Latencies of multiple skin conductance responses were observed in 30 female undergraduate students who participated in a classical differential conditioning experiment employing a 10 sec interstimulus interval (ISI). Responses occurring in both the early and late portions of the ISI were examined. Pairing delayed the onset of early responses and hastened the onset of responses occurring later in the ISI. Additionally, the latency changes observed did not appear to be an artifact of the higher response frequencies typically associated with conditioning.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of anticipatory stress on heart rate and T-wave amplitude.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of an anticipatory stressor on three measures of cardiovascular activity: heart rate (HR), T-wave amplitude (TWA) and blood pressure (BP). Twenty-eight males were assigned to either a stress or no-stress group. All subjects reviewed a brief section of prose and then read it aloud during two sessions. The stress group was told that the reading task was a speech and that their performance would be evaluated. The no-stress group was told that the reading task was a part of the readability evaluation of the text material. Reliable increases in HR were observed during both sessions with the stress group exhibiting greater accelerations than the no-stress group. Though TWA and BP varied with periods, no reliable group differences were observed. Degree of threat or aversiveness appears to be indexed more reliably by HR changes than by changes in TWA.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subject expectancy effects in frontal EMG conditioning.

The influence of subject expectancies on performance has been examined extensively within the framework of behavior therapy but has received little attention within the context of EMG training. This study assessed the effects of subject expectancy on acquisition during frontal EMG conditioning. Prior to conditioning, subjects were either given no expectancy or instructed that learning to control the feedback stimulus would be either easy (high expectancy) or difficult (low expectancy). Subjects in the three expectancy conditions then underwent 20 min of contingent reinforcement for frontal EMG decreases. Three similar groups of no, low, or high expectancy subjects received noncontingent reinforcement. Differential EMG behavior was exhibited between the two no-expectancy groups, with the contingent group reliably lower in EMG activity than that noncontingent. However, differences were not observed between contingent and noncontingent subjects given either low or high expectancy sets. None of the groups could be differentiated on the basis of subjective variables such as anxiety, relaxation, or frustration. These findings suggest that subject expectancies, either positive or negative, interfere with the acquisition of conditioned EMG behavior.

Adolescent↗