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Biomedical subjects

H Kono

Publications and source records attributed to H Kono.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Problem drinkers among high school students in Japan].

In Japan, an increase in the consumption of alcohol by young people has been noted. This survey on drinking problems was performed on 1062 students of second year high school in 1990 using the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement Scale (AAIS). The results revealed that among all of the survey subjects of both sexes, 21.4% were abstainers, 4.2% normal adolescents, 60.9% non-problem drinkers, 12.6% alcohol misusers and 0.9% alcoholic-like drinkers. A high alcohol consumption rate and high percentages of those with drinking problems were observed among high school students. Students who used other addictive substances (i.e., smoking or thinner inhalation) reported significantly higher AAIS scores than those who didn't. Similarly high mean AAIS scores were found among students with family problems such as drinking parents or broken homes than those without this problem. Alcohol misusers and alcoholic-like drinkers accounted for 14.2% of males and 12.7% of females. In a survey performed 10 years previously on high school students, no alcoholic-like drinkers were found and only 1% were alcohol misusers. These results indicated that problem drinkers have dramatically increased among Japanese high school students in the last 10 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effects of larval tapeworm (Taenia taeniaeformis) infection on reproductive functions in male and female host rats.

This report examined the effects of larval tapeworm infection on the reproductive functions in both male and female host rats. Female rats were matched by age, then randomly assigned to control and treatment groups (infected with larval tapeworms). Estrous cycles were determined by vaginal smear with 95% of the control group exhibiting 4-day normal cyclicity and only 55% of the treated group exhibiting normal cycles. Female fertility was then evaluated for the normally cycling rats based on the percentage of successful matings on the evening of proestrus, number of implantation sites on Day 8 of pregnancy, and number of pups born at term. The normally cycling rats exhibited 96% successful mating, 12.95 +/- 1.80 implantation sites, and 11.20 +/- 1.80 pups born. Five months after larval tapeworm infection, the fertility parameters were decreased to 79%, 9.10 +/- 1.20, and 7.50 +/- 1.50, respectively. The control females were then used in a study of male fertility after larval tapeworm infection employing the same parameters used to test female fertility. At the onset of the study, control groups exhibited 95% successful mating, 12.50 +/- 1.50 implantation sites, and 11.60 +/- 1.60 pups born at full term. After the 5-month infection period, the parameters were substantially reduced to 29%, 6.20 +/- 0.80 implantation sites, and 5.10 +/- 0.80 pups, respectively. Average testosterone concentrations in serum and testis from control male rats were 8.80 +/- 0.95 ng/ml and 3.88 +/- 0.25 ng/mg protein, respectively. After the 5-month infection period, these levels were reduced to 2.47 +/- 0.31 ng/ml and 1.28 +/- 0.12 ng/mg protein, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The protein synthesis of human full term placenta cell in monolayer culture system.

Protein synthesis of human placenta from cesarean section was analyzed by SDS gel electrophoresis using full term cell culture system. The qualitative pattern of cytoskeletal proteins before and after culture was also examined. After trypsinization, cytotrophoblasts were cultured for 20 days in the humidified incubator of 5% CO2 in 95% air. The confluency was obtained in 10 days after inoculation. The pattern of SDS-PAGE showed several protein bands including actin (43,000 Da) and desmin (55,000 Da) as major constituents of 12 and 20 day cultures. The significant differences between band appearances in samples before and after culturing were noted. The present results indicated that myosin may not be synthesized in high content, differing from previous observations. Cytoskeletal protein production seemed to be markedly enhanced in the cultured system.

Actins↗
PubMed1990

[A consideration of determining the removal or retention of teeth in the patient with a few remained teeth].

The alveolar bone of edentulous ridge is resorbed after the teeth extraction and the subsequent denture insertion. For the periodontal structure, the stress transmitted along the longitudinal axis is favorable, but the horizontal stress is destructive. Under the overdenture application which the retained teeth have the reduced clinical crown, it is possible to prevent the alveolar bone resorption and to improve the involved teeth. However it is difficult for the inclined teeth to get the successful results. In a case, having a few remained teeth contained the embedded root stump and the overdenture being applicated, we obtained the suggestion as follows. 1. Also the embedded root stump is useful to prevent the alveolar bone resorption. 2. The top and direction of longitudinal axes of the inclined abutment teeth can be determined by means of surveying the least teeth movement when the stress was applied to the teeth by the fingers with dental pincette. 3. Also to the inclined abutment teeth, it is possible to transmit the stress along the longitudinal axes, when the overdenture has the contact with the short dome coping at the top and in the inferior area to the longitudinal axes inclined, and is relieved in the superior area to its axes.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1990

[Changes in hepatic ultrastructure and function following portal vein resection with a use of an internal shunt bypass].

Experimental studies on ultrastructural and functional changes of mitochondria were carried out using adult dog livers after portal vein resection with an internal shunt bypass. As a comparative study portal vein resection with an external shunt bypass was also carried out. A 10 cm long anti-thrombotic UK catheter was inserted into the portal vein as an internal shunt bypass (internal shunt group). Similarly, a catheter was inserted between the portal vein and inferior caval vein as an external shunt bypass (external shunt group). The time of portal vein shunt bypass was 2 hrs for both groups. During operations, the blood flow of the hepatic artery was blocked. After the bypass was installed, the hepatic artery and the portal vein were declamped. As a control experiment the hepatic artery was clamped without making a shunt bypass (non-shunt group). Left lateral lobe was resected from the liver prior to the shunt implant and then the right lateral lobe was removed 2 hrs after the declamping of the hepatic artery. Biochemical analysis on mitochondria isolated from the livers of the internal and the external shunt groups was carried out. Changes of mitochondrial ultrastructure were also studied using electron microscope. Changes in serum m-GOT and OCT activities were also examined. Essentially no changes were detected in phosphorylating capacities and ultrastructure of mitochondria of the livers obtained from either the external shunt group or the internal shunt group. However m-GOT and OCT activities in the serum were definitely elevated in the external shunt group of animals compared to those in the internal shunt group of animals. This suggests that the permeability of hepatic mitochondrial membranes in the external group of animals was changed probably due to hypoxia. From these results we recommended the application of the internal shunt bypass for hepato-biliary surgery combined with the resection of the portal vein.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1990

Vascular lesions in the biopsied bronchus of patients with sarcoidosis changes of the endothelial cells in aggregation of eosinophils.

1) Aggregates of eosinophils closely related to the enlarged endothelial cells in the capillary vessels were recognized in 64% of 28 cases in biopsied specimens of the major bronchus of patients with sarcoidosis. 2) Electron microscopy revealed the vacuolated central cores or matrix in the specific granules of the eosinophils adjacent to the swollen vascular endothelial cells, frequent findings with attachment of the blood platelets to the damaged plasma membrane of the endothelial cells eventually becoming occluded in the lumen with platelet thrombosis, and multilayer formation of the basement membrane of the capillary vessels. 3) Sarcoidosis is suggested to be a pathological process producing both granuloma formation in each organ and vascular endothelial cell changes in the capillary vessels accompanied by aggregation of eosinophils in some periods of the disease process due to unidentified etiological factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Age- and sex-specific cumulative rate and risk of ATLL for HTLV-I carriers.

We have surveyed the incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) in an endemic area of 290,464 inhabitants for 7 years. We now revise our previous results on the basis of additional findings and estimate the age- and sex-specific cumulative rate for HTLV-I carriers, the adoption of which is recommended by current cancer epidemiology as a new age-standardized incidence rate. An unequivocal age-dependent increase in seroprevalence was observed for both sexes with a characteristic predominance in females. The age-dependent seroconversion in females may be partly explained by additional infection from infected husbands to their wives but the reason for men remains obscure. The mean annual number of incident cases of ATLL was 11.4, giving 3.9 ATLL patients annually per 10(5) inhabitants, 6.1 per 10(5) inhabitants aged over 30, and 85.0 per 10(5) seropositives aged over 30. Crude annual incidence rate of ATLL among 10(5) male seropositives aged over 30 was 145.3 and that for females was 55.2 and 95% confidence intervals of ATLL incidence rates were 34.8 to 255.7 for males and 6.4 to 104.1 for females, respectively. Although the sex ratio of 80 ATLL patients was 1.35, males are more prone to the disease (46 male patients among 4,522 male seropositives aged over 30 vs 34 female patients among 8,801 female seropositives aged over 30; p less than 0.001) for unknown reason(s). Morbidity in male seropositives aged over 30 is 2.6 times as high as that of females. Decennial incidence rates in males in their fifties and sixties were significantly higher than those in females. The remarkable male preponderance in oncogenicity of HTLV-I may be due to the fact that men are more prone to the disease and the number of female carriers in the denominator used to calculate the incidence rate is larger than that of males. The whole life span (0-79) cumulative risk for males was 6.9% and significantly higher than that of females (2.95%).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

A case of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T-cell lymphoma with unusual clinical manifestations.

A 67-year-old male consulted an otolaryngologist with a complaint of dysphagia due to a large polypoid mass in the hypopharynx. A biopsy of the mass revealed immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T-cell lymphoma of helper/inducer subset occurring in lymphoid tissues of the hypopharynx. Although general lymphadenopathy was not seen, further biopsy of an inguinal lymph node showed small foci of lymphoma cells, suggesting the generalized distribution of this malignancy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this malignancy mimicking primary pharyngeal sarcoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Consecutive changes of R-R interval variation on ECG after abstinence in male alcoholics].

Heart rate variation were studied in 37 male alcoholics (age: 46.0 +/- 7.4 years old, duration of habitual drinking: 23 +/- 8 years.) who were admitted in Kurihama National Hospital within 48 hours of last drinking. The coefficient of variation (CV value = (standard deviation/mean R-R interval) X 100) of 100 successive R-R intervals in ECG during supine resting position was measured consecutively on admission, 7th, and 30th hospital day. The CV values on admission (2.50 +/- 0.81) and on 7th day (2.60 +/- 0.87) were significantly lower than those on 30th day (3.41 +/- 1.06, p less than 0.001). In 10 alcoholics, CV values were also measured on 60th day (3.32 +/- 1.18), which were not significantly different from that on 30th day (3.17 +/- 1.18). The ratio of CV to standard prediction value (CV/(-0.066 X age + 6.480)) were 0.67 +/- 0.24, 0.68 +/- 0.21 and 0.90 +/- 0.28 on admission, 7th and 30th day, respectively. The ratio on admission and on 7th day were significantly lower than those on 30th day (p less than 0.001). These findings are suggesting that the disturbance of heart rate variation in alcoholics is reflecting the deterioration of autonomic nervous system on alcohol withdrawal stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Surgical treatment of achondroplastic dwarfs with paraplegia.

A retrospective study was done to evaluate the results of surgical intervention on the neurological symptoms associated with achondroplastic dwarfs. Between 1971 and 1979, laminectomy was performed on three patients with thoracolumbar spinal canal stenosis associated with achondroplasia. Simultaneous spondylodesis using Harrington instrumentation in conjunction with extensive laminectomy was performed in the most recent case, and excellent results were obtained. We emphasize, therefore, that neurological deficit caused by kyphotic deformity and instability secondary to extensive laminectomy for achondroplasia can be prevented by this procedure, and thus good results can be anticipated.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed1987

The maternal serum cortisol levels after onset of labor.

We measured maternal cortisol levels after the onset of labor. Blood from 82 primiparas and 48 multiparas were collected 124 times and 60 times, respectively. When duration of labor was within 3 hr, there were no differences in cortisol levels between the primiparous (n = 11, 50.4 +/- 7.0 micrograms/100 ml, mean +/- S.E.) and multiparous (n = 14, 37.8 +/- 4.3 micrograms/100 ml). However, when duration of labor was from 3 to 6 hr, cortisol levels in the primiparas (n = 20, 59.7 +/- 5.1 micrograms/100 ml) were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than those in the multiparas (n = 22, 46.8 +/- 2.9 micrograms/100 ml). In cases of duration of labor from 6 to 9, cortisol level of the primiparas (n = 24, 64.3 +/- 4.4 micrograms/100 ml) were also significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than those in multiparas (n = 12, 49.4 +/- 4.7 micrograms/100 ml). When duration of labor was more than 9 hr there was no significant difference in cortisol level between the primiparas and multiparas. Maternal cortisol level had a significant (p less than 0.01) negative correlation (n = 166, r = -0.243, Y = -0.09X + 30.47) with unconjugated estriol level. These data suggest that maternal cortisol levels after the onset of labor are slightly different between the primiparous and multiparous, and that maternal unconjugated estriol levels decrease owing to reduction of the feto-placental blood circulation accompanied with uterus contraction during labor.

Female↗