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Biomedical subjects

H Konno

Publications and source records attributed to H Konno.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Antitumor effect of adriamycin entrapped in liposomes conjugated with anti-human alpha-fetoprotein or anti-carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibodies].

Monoclonal antibodies against human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) or carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were conjugated to liposomes containing adriamycin (ADM), and the therapeutic effects of the conjugates were experimentally studied in vitro and in vivo. The liposomes were prepared from a lipid mixture of egg phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and dipalmitoylphosphatidyl ethanolamine, and were covalently coupled with anti-AFP monoclonal antibody (19-F-12) or anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (1-C-11) after activation of antibody with the N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 8-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate and dithiothreitol. The selective binding of the 19-F-12 conjugated liposomes to AFP-positive human hepatoma cell line PLC and the 1-C-11 conjugated liposomes to CEA-positive colon cancer cell line C-1 as demonstrated using fluorescent liposomes. In vitro studies with PLC and C-1 clearly indicated that monoclonal antibody-conjugated liposomes containing ADM exerted much more effects than unconjugated liposomes containing ADM on target cells in the inhibition assay of [3H]-thymidine incorporation. The therapeutic effects of the conjugates were tested in vivo on AFP-positive human hepatoma xenograft, Li-7, and CEA-positive human colon cancer xenograft, Co-4, maintained in BALB/c nu/nu mice. The antitumor effect of the antibody-conjugated liposomes containing ADM was far greater than that of unconjugated liposomes containing ADM or that of ADM alone as assessed by tumor weight and histological findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle--a clinical study of eighteen knees in ten patients.

Clinical feature of rarely occurring steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle was analyzed in 10 patients. Patients' ages at onset ranged from 19 years to 43 years. The patients consisted of 2 cases affected unilaterally and 8 cases affected bilaterally. In two knees lesion developed in the medial condyle, but it involved the lateral condyle of 11 knees or both the medial and lateral condyles of 5 knees. Mean period from the start of steroid therapy to manifestation of lesion was 79 months and mean total dose was 29.0 g. Subjectively, knee pain was not so severe and ADL was not so limited in most cases. Radiographically, lesions which were located solely in anterior area or posterior condyle belonged to the initial or moderate stage. However, the majority of those lesions which were located mainly in the central area was medium or large in size belonged to the advanced stages.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Alleviation of axonal damage in acute spinal cord injury by a protease inhibitor: automated morphometric analysis of drug-effects.

The degenerating axons and axon terminals developed in Rexed's lamina VIII in the anterior horn of the L6 segment after acute spinal cord compression at Th11 level in rats were visualized by the method of Fink-Heimer and the extent of axonal damage was quantitatively assayed with the aid of an automated image analyzer. Leupeptin, a potent protease inhibitor, substantially reduced the extent of the axonal damage (17% on average).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A case of quadrigeminal hamartoma.

A 35-day-old hydrocephalic infant was found by autopsy to have a small nodular mass protruding into the aqueductal channel. The mass, approximately 2.5 mm in size along the neuroaxis and 1.9 mm in transverse plane, subependymally occupied the roof of the aqueduct. This was thought to be the cause of hydrocephalus in this infant. A review of literature on the subject has not shown any other comparable case.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Primary degeneration of motor neurons by toxic lectins conveyed from the peripheral nerve.

In attempts to degenerate motor neurons experimentally by way of retrograde axoplasmic transport, ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA), a potent protein inhibitor, was intraneurally injected into the rat sciatic nerve. Immunohistochemically, RCA was shown to be intra-axonally carried up to motor neuronal soma and to the dorsal root ganglia of L4-6. Within a few days, these dorsal root ganglion cells and large motor neurons giving rise to sciatic nerve efferents in the lumbar spinal cord degenerated, whereas small internuncial neurons and glia remained unaffected. The degeneration of motor neurons was characterized by a profound diffuse chromatolysis and subsequent dissolution, after which a mild gliosis remained. The retrograde axoplasmic flow of neurotoxic substance and motor neuron degeneration observed here may be a phenomenon implicated in the pathogenesis of human motor neuron diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

On the replication and spread of rabies virus in the human central nervous system.

Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on the brains of two autopsy cases of human rabies revealed: By the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, viral antigens were present in all eosinophilic inclusions detected in formalin fixed paraffin sections. Numerous antigenic masses, which apparently corresponded to the matrices and cylindrical particles in neurites revealed by electron microscopy, were present in the neuropil remote from neuronal perikarya. There were virions in the intercellular spaces and virus-budding from the plasma membrane into the extracellular space in the absence of a matrix, strongly indicating that rabies virus in the human central nervous system could spread through the intercellular spaces and that the replication of the virus was not necessarily accompanied by the formation of inclusion bodies. The synapse was involved in rabies as indicated by virions in the synaptic terminals. The implications of these observations are discussed in conjunction with the results of previous in vitro and animal experiments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Pectic polysaccharide breakdown of cell walls in cucumber roots grown with calcium starvation.

Pectic polysaccharides from the roots of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in liquid culture medium with or without calcium (1 mm CaCl(2)) were studied after extraction successively by hot water and Na hexametaphosphate solution. The Ca(2+) starvation-treatment caused a striking reduction in content of extracted pectic polysaccharide; from an equivalent weight of cell walls, only 33.1% of the control level was extracted from root cell walls of plants cultured under Ca(2+) deficiency. The extracted pectic polysaccharides were fractionated into neutral and acidic polymers by a DEAE-Sephadex column. The acidic polymers, which represented more than 76% of the yield, appeared to be a major fraction of extracted pectic polysaccharides. The changes of molecular size and glycosyl residue composition of this fraction were compared for the control and Ca(2+)-deprived samples. The results indicate that Ca(2+) deficiency caused structural changes which could involve both branching pattern and extent of contiguous galacturonosyl units in the water-solubilized pectic polysaccharides. Ca(2+) starvation also led to a notable decrease in molecular size of the hexametaphosphate-solubilized polysaccharides and, to a lesser extent, of the water-solubilized fraction as well. In addition, polygalacturonase activity in tissue homogenates increased remarkably with the Ca(2+) deficiency, whereas beta-galactosidase activity did not undergo a change. Thus, it appears that one major effect of Ca(2+) deprivation was to stimulate polygalacturonase activity, an effect which could be involved in the control of the breakdown of pectic polysaccharides in the cell walls.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Retrograde axoplasmic transport of adriamycin: an experimental form of motor neuron disease?

Adriamycin (ADM) is a DNA-directed RNA inhibitor. In attempts to produce an experimental form of motor neuron disease, we injected the agent into rat sciatic nerve. Retrograde axoplasmic flow conveyed ADM into soma of the spinal motor neurons, as confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Motor neuron degeneration, which included nuclear heterochromatinization and diffuse chromatolysis, was observed after 6 to 8 days. After 2 weeks, many neurons that gave rise to sciatic nerve efferents underwent dissolution. Retrograde axoplasmic flow and DNA-injurious substances could affect survival of motor neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Experimental sensory ganglionectomy by way of suicide axoplasmic transport.

In attempts to destroy selectively the sensory ganglion cells via retrograde axoplasmic transport, either one or the other of the Ricinus communis agglutinins (RCA 60 and RCA 120), highly toxic lectins from castor beans, was topically applied to the proximal stump of the rat trigeminal branches (the mental and supraorbital nerves) or to the sciatic nerve. Within several days, the sensory ganglion cells associated with the nerve to which RCA was applied developed diffuse chromatolysis and subsequent dissolution of neuronal cell bodies. The resultant Wallerian degeneration of their primary afferent fibers could be traced within the brain stem and, in cases with RCA application to the sciatic nerve, within the spinal cord. This observation implies that the central counterpart of the peripheral nerve may be effectively destroyed by way of retrograde axoplasmic transport without direct attack on the target structure, and thus this method may be utilized in the future as a means for controlling various pain problems.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Growth of human tumor transplanted into nude mice with various genetic backgrounds].

Nude mice with different genetic backgrounds were used for the experiment to evaluate the growth of human and murine tumors in the different hosts. Twelve human tumors including 5 gastric carcinomas (St-4, St-10, St-15, St-40, KS-1), 2 colon carcinomas (Co-3, Exp-42), 1 breast carcinoma (MX-1), 1 bile duct carcinoma (Ch-1), 1 hepatocellular hepatoma (Li-4) and 2 hemangiosarcomas (LC-27-R, LC-27-UR), and one murine tumor spontaneously arisen from C3H/HeN nu/+ mouse were transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue of nude mice with genetic backgrounds of BALB/cA, DDD and ICR (CD-1). BALB/cA-nu was originated from the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, DDD-nu was supplied from the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo and ICR (CD-1)-nu was supplied from Charles River Co., Ltd. Tumors were measured by the width (W) and length (L) three times a week by the same person. The tumor volume (V) was estimated by the formula V = W2 X L/2. Tumor doubling time (Td) during the exponential growth phase was compared between the nude mice with different genetic backgrounds. It was found that Td of MX-1 in DDD-nu mice and Td of St-40 and Exp-42 in BALB/cA-nu mice were shortened in comparison with those of tumors transplanted into nude mice with the other strains. However, no statistically significant differences were observed when t-test of matched pairs and coefficients of correlation were applied to compare Td in the other kinds of nude mice. Nude mice with genetic backgrounds of DDD and ICR (CD-1) were thought to be also useful for various kinds of therapeutic experiments in human tumor xenografts/nude mice system.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Retrograde axoplasmic transport of toxic lectins is useful for transganglionic tracings of the peripheral nerve.

Wallerian degeneration in the primary afferents consequent to death of parental root ganglion cells was successfully traced up to the level of the nucleus gracilis, following intraneural injections of ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA 60 or RCA 120) into the sciatic nerve or its branches. This method serves as a novel way of tracing primary afferents in the CNS in strict concordance with their counterparts in the peripheral nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Expolygalacturonase from Suspension Cultures of Marchantia polymorpha: Its Presence and Involvement in Pectic Polysaccharide Degradation.

Polygalacturonase was isolated from cell suspension cultures of a thalloid liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha. The enzyme in the ;buffer-soluble' protein fraction was dialyzed at pH 5.2 and further purified 91-fold by a combination of chromatographic techniques including CM-Sephadex, Sephacryl S-200, DEAE-Sephadex, and Sephadex G-200. The purified enzyme had an optimum activity in the pH range at 3.6 to 3.8 and molecular weight of 76,000 daltons, and its activity was not stimulated by cations. The enzyme was identified as an exohydrolase from viscometric data and chromatographic analysis of the reaction products.The polysaccharides extracted from the Marchantia cell walls with 2% (w/v) Na hexametaphosphate solution were separated into two fractions, neutral polysaccharides (fraction P-N) and acidic polysaccharides (fraction P-A) by a DEAE-Sephadex column. The fraction P-N was not susceptible to the purified exopolygalacturonase, whereas fraction P-A was partially degraded. This resulted in hydrolysis of 19.5% of the glycosyl linkages of fraction P-A with the release of galacturonic acids. The specific activity of exopolygalacturonase increased during the growth cycle.

Journal Article↗